Wangsa Medici: Perbedaan antara revisi

Meskipun tidak lagi berpangkat kardinal, [[Ferdinando I de' Medici|Ferdinando]] masih mampu mempengaruhi jalannya beberapa konklaf berturut-turut. Pada tahun 1605, Alessandro de' Medici, calon yang didukung Ferdinando, terpilih menjadi [[Paus Leo XI]]. Meskipun Paus Leo XI wafat dalam bulan yang sama, tetapi penggantinya, [[Paus Paulus V]], juga adalah seorang paus pro Medici.<ref>Hale, hlm. 165.</ref><!-- Kebijakan luar negeri Ferdinando's yang pro-papalpaus foreignjustru policy, however,menimbulkan hadmasalah drawbacksbaru. TuscanyNegeri wasToskana overrundijejali withtarekat-tarekat religiousreligius orders, notyang alltidak ofsemuanya whomdiwajibkan weremembayar obliged to pay taxespajak. Ferdinando diedmangkat inpada tahun 1609, leavingmeninggalkan ansebuah affluentnegeri realm;yang hiskaya inaction inraya. internationalMeskipun affairsdemikian, however,keengganannya wouldmelibatkan havediri longdi dalam urusan-reachingurusan internasional menimbulkan konsekuensi jangka panjang consequencesyang downdirasakan thepara linepenerusnya.

InDi FrancePrancis, MarieMaria de' Medici wasmenyelenggarakan actingpemerintahan asnegara regentselaku forwali her sonputranya, [[Louis XIII ofdari FrancePrancis|Raja Louis XIII]]. Kemudian hari pada tahun 1617, Raja Louis repudiatedXIII hermembatalkan kebijakan pro-Habsburg policyyang indibuat 1617ibunya. SheMaria livedde' the restMedici ofakhrinya herdisingkirkan lifedari deprivedgelanggang ofpolitik anysampai politicalakhir influencehayatnya.

Pengganti Ferdinando's successor, [[Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Cosimo II]], reignedberkuasa forkurang less thandari 12 yearstahun. HeIa marriedmemperistri [[Maria MaddalenaMagdalena of(1589-1631)|Putri Austria,Maria withMagdalena whomvon heÖsterreich]] haddan hisdikaruniai eightdelapan childrenorang anak, includingantara lain [[Margherita de' Medici]], [[Ferdinando II de' Medici]], and andan [[Anna de' Medici]]. Nama Cosimo II tak kunjung lekang dari ingatan orang, karena dialah patron dari astronom [[Galileo Galilei]]. Risalah [[Sidereus Nuncius]], yang ditulis Galileo pada tahun 1610, didedikasikan kepada Cosimo II.<ref>Strathen, hlm. 368.</ref> Cosimo mangkat pada tahun 1621 akibat penyakit [[Tuberkulosis]].<ref>Hale, hlm. 187.</ref>

Cosimo'sPutra eldersulung sonCosimo, Ferdinando, wasbelum notcukup yetumur ofuntuk legalmemerintah maturity to succeed himsendiri, thussehingga Mariapemerintahan MaddalenaToskana anddiselenggarakan hisoleh grandmother,ibu Christina of Lorraine,dan actedneneknya asselaku regentspemangku.<!-- Their collective regency is known as the ''Turtici''. Maria Maddelana's temperament was analogous to Christina's, and together they aligned Tuscany with the [[Papal States|papacy]], re-doubled the Tuscan clergy, and allowed the [[heresy]] trial of Galileo Galilei to occur.<ref>Acton, p. 111.</ref> Upon the death of the last [[Francesco Maria II della Rovere|Duke of Urbino]] (Francesco Maria II), instead of claiming the duchy for Ferdinando, who was married to the Duke of Urbino's granddaughter and heiress, [[Vittoria Della Rovere|Vittoria della Rovere]], they permitted it to be annexed by [[Pope Urban VIII]]. In 1626, they banned any Tuscan subject from being educated outside the Grand Duchy, a law later overturned, but resurrected by Maria Maddalena's grandson, [[Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Cosimo III]].<ref name=Acton192>Acton, p. 192.</ref> [[Harold Acton]], an Anglo-Italian historian, ascribed the decline of Tuscany to the ''Turtici'' regency.<ref name=Acton192/>