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Ferdinando's marriage to Vittoria della Rovere produced two children: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and [[Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro]]. Upon Vittoria's death in 1694, her [[Allodial title|allodial]] possessions, the Duchies of Rovere and [[Montefeltro]], passed to her younger son.-->
=== Abad ke-18, kejatuhan wangsa Medici ===
[[File:Volterrano, Cosimo III de' Medici in grand ducal robes (Warsaw Royal Castle).jpg|thumb|Cosimo III dalam balutan busana dan alat-alat kebesaran seorang adipati agung]]
[[File:Antonio Bellucci 001.jpg|thumb|Sosok [[Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici]], keturunan terakhir dari trah Adipati Agung Toskana, di dalam ''Minerva, Merkur und Plutus huldigen der Kurfürstin Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici'' ({{lang-id|Minerva, Merkurius dan Pluto mengaturkan sembah ke hadapan TuanGarwa PutriPangeran Pemilih Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici}}), lukisan karya [[Antonio Bellucci]], 1706]]<!--
Cosimo III marriedmemperistri [[Marguerite Louise d'Orléans]], asalah granddaughterseorang ofcucu [[HenryHenri IV ofdari FrancePrancis|Raja Henri IV]] anddan MariePermaisuri Maria de' Medici. AnPasangan exceedinglyyang discontentedsangat pairing,tidak rukun thisini uniondikaruniai producedtiga threeorang childrenanak, notablyantara lain [[Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici|Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, ElectressGarwa PalatinePangeran Pfalz]], and the last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany,dan [[Gian Gastone de' Medici, GrandHaryapatih Duke of TuscanyToscana|Gian Gastone de' Medici]], Adipati Agung Toskana terakhir dari wangsa Medici.
[[JohannPada Wilhelmtahun 1691, Elector Palatine]],suami Anna Maria Luisa's, spouse[[Johann Wilhelm, successfullyPangeran requisitionedPfalz]], theberhasil dignitymendapatkan ''Royalhak Highness''bagi forAdipati theAgung GrandToskana Dukebeserta andkeluarganya hisuntuk familydigelari in''Yang 1691,Mulia despitePangeran theKerajaan'', factmeskipun thatmereka theytidak hadmemiliki noklaim claimwaris toatas anykerajaan kingdommana pun.<ref>Acton, phlm. 182.</ref> Cosimo frequentlyberulang paidkali themenggelontorkan Holydana Romandalam Emperor,jumlah hisbesar nominalbagi feudalkepentingan overlordKaisar Romawi Suci, exorbitantmajikan duesfeodalnya secara nominal,<ref>Acton, phlm. 243.</ref> anddan hemenyumbang sentperangkat munitionspersenjataan to the emperor during thesaat [[BattlePertempuran of ViennaWina]] berkecamuk.
Wangsa Medici tidak dikaruniai ahli wari laki-laki, dan kas Kadipaten Agung Toskana sudah nyaris kosong pada tahun 1705. Dibanding keadaannya pada abad ke-17, populasi Firenze anjlok 50%, dan populasi Kadipaten Agung Toskana secara keseluruhan anjlok kira-kira 40%.<ref>Strathern, hlm. 392.</ref> Cosimo bersusah payah mengupayakan tercapainya kesepahaman dengan negara-negara lain di Eropa, lantaran peliknya status hukum negara Toskana. Wilayah kedaulatan Kadipaten Agung Toskana mencakup bekas wilayah negara [[Republik Siena]] yang secara teknis adalah tanah perdikan Spanyol, sementara bekas wilayah negara [[Rupublik Firenze]] dianggap berada di dalam cakupan [[suzerenitas|mandala]] Kekaisaran Romawi Suci. Saat putra sulungnya wafat, Cosimo mulai menimbang-nimbang rencana menghidupkan kembali negara Republik Firenze, yang akan terwujud sepeninggal Anna Maria Luisa atau sesudah ia sendiri mangkat, andaikata ia wafat mendahului Anna Maria Luisa. Kebangkitan kembali Republik Firenze akan mengakibatkan pengalihan Siena ke dalam mandala Kekaisaran Romawi Suci, tetapi rencana ini tetap saja getol digembar-gemborkan pemerintahannya. Kebanyakan negara Eropa tidak mengindahkan rencana Cosimo, hanya [[Kerajaan Britania Raya (1707–1800)|Kerajaan Britania Raya]] dan [[Republik Belanda]] yang menaruh perhatian, dan rencana ini akhirnya pupus sesudah Cosimo III mangkat pada tahun 1723.<ref>Hale, hlm. 191.</ref>
The Medici lacked male heirs, and by 1705, the grand ducal treasury was virtually bankrupt. In comparison to the 17th century, the population of Florence declined by 50%, and the population of the grand duchy as a whole declined by an estimated 40%.<ref>Strathern, p. 392.</ref> Cosimo desperately tried to reach a settlement with the European powers, but Tuscany's legal status was very complicated: the area of the grand duchy formerly comprising the [[Republic of Siena]] was technically a Spanish fief, while the territory of the old [[Republic of Florence]] was thought to be under imperial [[suzerainty]]. Upon the death of his first son, Cosimo contemplated restoring the Florentine republic, either upon Anna Maria Luisa's death, or on his own, if he predeceased her. The restoration of the republic would entail resigning Siena to the Holy Roman Empire, but, regardless, it was vehemently endorsed by his government. Europe largely ignored Cosimo's plan. Only Great Britain and the [[Dutch Republic]] gave any credence to it, and the plan ultimately died with Cosimo III in 1723.<ref>Hale, p. 191.</ref>
OnPada tanggal 4 April 1718, GreatKerajaan BritainBritania Raya, FranceKerajaan andPrancis, thedan DutchRepublik RepublicBelanda (alsokemudian later,hari juga Austria) selectedmemilih [[CharlesCarlos III ofdari SpainSpanyol|Don Carlos of Spain]], theanak eldertertua childRaja ofSpanyol [[ElisabethPhilippe FarneseV dari Spanyol|Felipe V]] anddan Permaisuri [[PhilipIsabel VFarnese|Isabel of SpainFarnesio]], asmenjadi theahli Tuscanwaris heirtakhta Kadipaten Agung Toskana. ByPada tahun 1722, theAnna Maria Luisa bahkan electresstidak wasdiakui notsebagai evenahli acknowledgedwaris astakhta heiressToskana, anddan Cosimo washanya reduceddijadikan topengamat spectatordalam atkonferensi-konferensi thepembahasan conferencesmasa fordepan Tuscany's futureToskana.<ref>Acton, phlm. 175.</ref> OnPada tanggal 25 OctoberOktober 1723, sixenam dayshari beforemenjelang his deathkemangkatannya, GrandAdipati DukeAgung Cosimo disseminatedmengeluarkan amaklumat finalpamungkas proclamationyang commandingmenitahkan thatlestarinya Tuscanykemerdekaan stay independent:Toskana, Anna Maria Luisa wouldditetapkan succeedmenjadi uninhibitedahli towaris Tuscanytakhta aftersesudah Gian Gastone, anddan thesang grandadipati dukeagung reserveddiberi thehak rightmenentukan tosendiri choosecalon his successorpenggantinya. HoweverMeskipun demikian, thesemaklumat portionsini ofsama hissekali proclamationtidak were completely ignoreddiindahkan, anddan heia diedmangkat abeberapa fewhari days laterkemudian.<!--
Gian Gastone despisedmerasa thekesal electressdengan forAnna engineeringMaria hisLuisa catastrophiclantaran marriagemenjodohkannya todengan [[Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg]]; while she abhorred her brother's liberal policies, he repealed all of his father's anti-Semitic statutes. Gian Gastone revelled in upsetting her.<ref>Acton, p. 280.</ref> On 25 October, 1731, a Spanish detachment occupied Florence on behalf of Don Carlos, who disembarked in Tuscany in December of the same year.
The ''Ruspanti'', Gian Gastone's decrepit entourage, loathed the electress, and she them. Duchess [[Violante of Bavaria]], Gian Gastone's sister-in-law, tried to withdraw the grand duke from the sphere of influence of the ''Ruspanti'' by organising banquets. His conduct at the banquets was less than regal; he often vomited repeatedly into his napkin, belched, and regaled those present with socially inappropriate jokes.<ref>Acton, p. 188.</ref> Following a sprained ankle in 1731, he remained confined to his bed for the rest of his life. The bed, often smelling of [[feces|faeces]], was occasionally cleaned by Violante.
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