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Karena koleksi [[bahasa Eropa]] dan budayanya, percobaan penyatuan ini biasanya melibatkan [[pendudukan]] dari negara-negara yang tidak bersedia sehingga menciptakan ketidakstabilan. Salah satu percobaan penyatuan secara damai melalui kerja sama dan persamaan anggota dibuat oleh [[pasifisme|pasifis]] [[Victor Hugo]] pada [[1851]]. Setelah [[Perang Dunia I]] dan [[Perang Dunia II]], keinginan untuk mendirikan Uni Eropa semakin meningkat karena didorong oleh keinginan untuk membangun kembali Eropa dan menghilangkan kemungkinan perang lainnya. Oleh karena itu, dibentuklah [[European Coal and Steel Community]] oleh [[Jerman]], [[Prancis]], [[Italia]], dan negara-negara [[Benelux]]. Hal ini terjadi oleh [[Perjanjian Paris (1951)]] yang ditandatangani pada April [[1951]] dan dimulai pada Juli [[1952]].
Setelah itu, terbentuk juga '''European Economic Community''' yang didirikan oleh [[Perjanjian Roma]] pada [[1957]] dan diimplementasikan pada [[1 Januari]] [[1958]]. Kemudian, komunitas tersebut berubah menjadi '''Masyarakat Eropa''' yang merupakan 'pilar pertama' dari Uni Eropa. Uni Eropa telah ber-evolusi<!-- Kata ber-evolusi jangan digabung! --> dari sebuah badan perdagangan menjadi sebuah kerja sama ekonomi dan politik.
== Kebijakan utama ==
<small>Lihat [[Organisasi-organisasi Internasional di Eropa|tabel negara]] yang ikut serta dalam sejumlah inisiatif.</small>
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===Single market===
Many of the policies of the EU relate in one way or another to the development and maintenance of an effective [[single market]]. Significant efforts have been made to create harmonised standards – which are designed to bring economic benefits through creating larger, more efficient markets.
The power of the single market reaches beyond the EU borders, because to sell within the EU, it is beneficial to conform to its standards. Once a non-member country's factories, farmers and merchants conform to EU standards, much of the cost of joining the union has already been sunk. At that point, harmonising domestic laws in order to become a full member is relatively painless, and may create more wealth through eliminating the customs costs.
The single market has both internal and external aspects:
====Internal policies====
[[Berkas:Euro banknotes.jpg|300px|right|Euro banknotes]]
*[[Free trade]] of goods and services among member states (an aim further extended to three of the four [[EFTA]] states by the [[European Economic Area]], EEA)
*A common [[EU competition law]] controlling anti-competitive activities of companies (through antitrust law and merger control) and member states (through the State Aids regime).
*The [[Schengen treaty]] allowed removal of internal border controls and harmonisation of external controls between its member states. This excludes the UK and Ireland, which have derogations, but includes the non-EU members [[Iceland]] and [[Norway]]. Switzerland also voted via referendum in 2005 to become part of the Schengen zone.
*Freedom for citizens of its member states to live and work anywhere within the EU, provided they can support themselves (also extended to the other EEA states).
*Free movement of [[financial capital|capital]] between member states (and other EEA states).
*Harmonisation of government regulations, corporations law and [[trademark]] registrations.
*A single currency, the [[Euro]] (excluding the [[United Kingdom|UK]], and [[Denmark]], which have derogations). [[Sweden]], although not having a specific opt-out clause, has not joined the ERM II, voluntarily excluding itself from the monetary union.
*A large amount of environmental policy co-ordination throughout the Union.
*A [[Common Agricultural Policy]] and a [[Common Fisheries Policy]].
*Common system of indirect [[taxation]], the [[VAT]], as well as common customs duties and excises on various products.
*Funding for the development of disadvantaged regions (structural and cohesion funds).-->
=== Kebijakan eksternal ===
{{Main|Negara anggota Uni Eropa}}
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poly 261 28 273 39 279 59 284 61 286 66 271 97 275 105 275 116 284 122 308 111 320 83 308 75 310 71 302 60 305 54 297 46 298 36 290 32 291 16 282 16 277 22 280 28 275 33 270 32 264 26 [[Finlandia]]
poly 260 29 259 38 252 37 252 42 248 41 244 54 238 64 238 72 235 77 237 83 226 83 223 100 227 106 230 111 227 115 229 121 223 127 220 141 229 160 227 163 231 173 238 171 238 168 242 164 250 164 254 135 261 130 262 117 252 115 257 93 270 83 271 66 279 59 273 39 [[Swedia]]
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