Transgender: Perbedaan antara revisi

Orang '''transgender''' adalah orang yang memiliki [[identitas gender]] atau ekspresi gender yang berbeda dengan [[penunjukan seks|seksnya yang ditunjuk]] saat lahir.<ref name="Altilio">{{cite book |last=Altilio |first=T. |last2=Otis-Green |first2=S. |title=Oxford Textbook of Palliative Social Work |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0199838275 |year=2011 |page=380 |accessdate=12 April 2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XS3XJL_RGIgC&pg=PA380 |quote=''Transgender'' is an umbrella term for people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from the sex they were assigned at birth (Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation [GLAAD], 2007).}}</ref><ref name="Forsyth">{{cite book |last=Forsyth |first=C. J. |last2=Copes |first2=H. |title=Encyclopedia of Social Deviance |publisher=[[Sage Publications]] |isbn=1483364690 |year=2014 |page=740 |accessdate=12 April 2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NAjmBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA740 |quote=Transgender is an umbrella term for people whose gender identities, gender expressions, and/or behaviors are different from those culturally associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.}}</ref><ref name="Berg-Weger">{{cite book |last=Berg-Weger |first=M.|title=Social Work and Social Welfare: An Invitation |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=1317592026 |year=2016 |page=229 |accessdate=12 April 2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx7NCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA229 |quote=Transgender: An umbrella term that describes people whose gender identity or gender expression differs from expectations associated with the sex assigned to them at birth.}}</ref> Orang transgender juga terkadang disebut sebagai orang ''[[transseksual]]'' jika ia menghendaki bantuan medis untuk [[transisi (transgender)|transisi]] dari satu [[jenis kelamin|seks]] ke seks lainnya. ''Transgender'' juga merupakan sebuah [[kata umum]]. Selain mencakup orang yang identitas gendernya ''berlawanan'' dengan seksnya yang ditunjuk ([[pria trans]] dan [[wanita trans]]), istilah transgender juga dapat mencakup orang-orang yang tidak secara spesifik maskulin atau feminin (orang-orang [[genderqueer]] seperti [[bigender]], [[pangender]], genderfluid, atau agender).<ref name="Forsyth"/><ref name="glaad.org">{{cite web |author=[[Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation]] |title=GLAAD Media Reference Guide&nbsp;– Transgender glossary of terms |url=http://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender |date=Mei 2010 |access-date=24 Februari 2011 |quote=An umbrella term for people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from what is typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth.}}</ref><ref name="Bilodeau">{{cite journal |last=Bilodeau |first=B. |date=2005 |title=Beyond the Gender Binary: A Case Study of Two Transgender Students at a Midwestern Research University |journal=Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=29-44 |doi=10.1300/J367v03n01_05 |quote="Yet Jordan and Nick represent a segment of transgender communities that have largely been overlooked in transgender and student development research&nbsp;– individuals who express a non-binary construction of gender[.]"}}</ref> Definisi ''transgender'' lainnya juga mencakup orang-orang yang termasuk ke dalam [[gender ketiga]] atau memiliki gender ketiga transgender.<ref name="Stryker3G">{{cite book |last=Stryker |first=S. |last2=Whittle |first2=S. |year=2006 |title=The Transgender Studies Reader |url=https://archive.org/details/transgenderstudi00stry_450 |publisher=Routledge |page=[https://archive.org/details/transgenderstudi00stry_450/page/n682 666] |quote=The authors note that, increasingly, in social science literature, the term 'third gender' is being replaced by or conflated with the newer term 'transgender'.}}</ref><ref name="Chrisler">{{cite book |last=Chrisler |first=J. C. |last2=McCreary |first2=D. R. |year=2010 |title=Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology |volume=Volume 1: Gender research in general and experimental psychology |publisher=Springer |isbn=1-4419-1465-X |page=486 |quote="Transgender is a broad term characterized by a challenge of traditional gender roles and gender identity[. ...] For example, some cultures classify transgender individuals as a third gender, thereby treating this phenomenon as normative."}}</ref> Dalam kasus yang lebih jarang, istilah ''transgender'' digunakan hingga mencakup ''[[cross-dresser]]'',<ref name="ReisnerEtAl">{{cite journal |last1=Reisner |first1=S. L. |last2=Conron |first2=K. |last3=Mimiaga |first3=M. J. |last4=Haneuse |first4=S. | display-authors = 4 |last5=et al. |year=2014 |title=Comparing in-person and online survey respondents in the US National Transgender Discrimination Survey: implications for transgender health research |journal=LGBT Health |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=98–106 |doi=10.1089/lgbt.2013.0018 |quote=Transgender was defined broadly to cover those who transition from one gender to another as well as those who may not choose to socially, medically, or legally fully transition, including cross-dressers, people who consider themselves to be genderqueer, androgynous, and ...}}</ref> tanpa memperhatikan identitas gender.

 

 

Tingkat seorang individu untuk merasa asli, murni, dan nyaman dengan penampilan luarnya serta menerima identitas aslinya disebut sebagai ''kesesuaian transgender'' (''transgender congruence'').<ref name="KozeeTylkaBauerband">{{cite journal |last1=Kozee |first1=H. B. |last2=Tylka |first2=T. L. |last3=Bauerband |first3=L. A. |year=2012 |title=Measuring transgender individuals' comfort with gender identity and appearance: Development and validation of the Transgender Congruence Scale |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychology-of-women-quarterly_2012-06_36_2/page/179 |journal=Psychology of Women Quarterly |volume=36 |pages=179–196 |doi=10.1177/0361684312442161}}</ref> Banyak dari orang transgender mengalami apa yang disebut [[disforia gender]] dan beberapa menerima bantuan medis seperti [[terapi penyulihan hormon (transgender)|terapi penyulihan hormon]], [[operasi penentuan ulang seks]], atau [[psikoterapi]].<ref name="Maizes">{{cite book |last=Maizes |first=V. |title=Integrative Women's Health |year=2015 |isbn=0190214805 |page=745 |quote=Many transgender people experience gender dysphoria—distress that results from the discordance of biological sex and experienced gender (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Treatment for gender dysphoria, considered to be highly effective, includes physical, medical, and/or surgical treatments [...] some [transgender people] may not choose to transition at all.}}</ref> Tidak semua orang transgender menghendaki penanganan medis dan beberapa tidak melakukannya karena kendala ekonomi atau kesehatan.<ref name="Maizes"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding Transgender People FAQ |url=http://www.transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-transgender-people-faq |website=National Center for Transgender Equality |accessdate=20 April 2016 |date=1 Mei 2009}}</ref>