Penyerbuan Gedung Kapitol 2021: Perbedaan antara revisi

Pada 6 Januari 2021, pendukung [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Donald Trump]] menyerbu [[Gedung Capitol]]. Peristiwa ini mengganggu [[sesi bersama Kongres Amerika Serikat|sesi bersama Kongres]] ketika suara dari [[Lembaga Pemilihan Umum (Amerika Serikat)|Lembaga Pemilihan Umum]] akan disahkan dengan menegaskan kemenangan [[Joe Biden]] dalam [[pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 2020|pemilihan umum presiden 2020]]. Peristiwa ini meneruskan [[upaya membatalkan pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 2020|banyak upaya gagal oleh Donald dan pendukungnya untuk membatalkan hasil pemilihan umum]].

 

 

Unjuk rasa berujung kepada kerusuhan, ketika Gedung Capitol diserbu oleh pendukung Donald.<ref name=BarrettEtAl>{{Cite web|first1=Ted |last1=Barrett |first2=Manu |last2=Raju |first3=Peter |last3=Nickeas|title=Pro-Trump mob storms US Capitol as armed standoff takes place outside House chamber|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/politics/us-capitol-lockdown/index.html|access-date=January 6, 2021|website=CNN|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106211203/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/politics/us-capitol-lockdown/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kongres sedang mengadakan sesi pada saat itu, di mana anggota kongres menjalankan proses sertifikasi hasil dari [[Lembaga Pemilihan Umum (Amerika Serikat)|Lembaga Pemilihan Umum]] serta memperdebatkannya. Ketika para pengunjuk rasa tiba, petugas keamanan Gedung Capitol mengevakuasi ruang [[Senat Amerika Serikat|Senat]] dan [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat]] serta mengunci beberapa bangunan lain di kampus Gedung Capitol. Para pengunjuk rasa menerobos keamanan untuk memasuki Gedung Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, menempati ruang Senat yang dievakuasi sementara penjaga mengeluarkan pistol untuk mencegah masuk ke lantai Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat yang dievakuasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/06/buildings-in-us-capitol-complex-evacuated-amid-pro-trump-protests.html|title=U.S. Capitol secured hours after pro-Trump rioters invade Congress|first=Amanda Macias,Dan|last=Mangan|date=January 6, 2021|website=CNBC|access-date=January 7, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107030000/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/06/buildings-in-us-capitol-complex-evacuated-amid-pro-trump-protests.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/congress-electoral-college-vote-count-2021/h_20490097776eb05d7c29ddf3c4792834|title=Armed standoff taking place at House front door |first1=Meg |last1=Wagner |first2=Melissa |last2=Macaya |first3=Mike |last3=Hayes |first4=Melissa |last4=Mahtani |first5=Veronica |last5=Rocha |first6=Fernando |last6=Alfonso III |date=January 6, 2021 |website=CNN|access-date=January 7, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107030114/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/congress-electoral-college-vote-count-2021/h_20490097776eb05d7c29ddf3c4792834|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="McEvoy-Forbes">{{Cite web|last=McEvoy|first=Jemima|date=January 6, 2021|title=DC Protests Live Coverage: Entire Capitol Now On Lockdown As Protesters Enter The Building|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2021/01/06/dc-protests-trump-pro-trump-rally-live-coverage/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106200617/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2021/01/06/dc-protests-trump-pro-trump-rally-live-coverage/|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 6, 2021|website=[[Forbes]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last1=Lang|first1=Brent|last2=Littleton|first2=Cynthia|date=January 6, 2021|title=U.S. Capitol on Lockdown, Pro-Trump Protestors Breach Police Lines|url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/election-certification-pence-trump-biden-election-1234879411/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106134043/https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/election-certification-pence-trump-biden-election-1234879411/|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 6, 2021|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=1 shot dead, Congress evacuated, National Guard activated after pro-Trump rioters storm Capitol|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/we-will-never-concede-trump-baselessly-asserts-voter-fraud-speech-n1253011|access-date=January 7, 2021|website=NBC News|language=en|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230346/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/we-will-never-concede-trump-baselessly-asserts-voter-fraud-speech-n1253011|url-status=live}}</ref> Beberapa bangunan [[Kompleks Gedung Capitol]] dievakuasi dan semua bangunan di kompleks kemudian ditutup.<ref name=":5"/>

Seorang penyusup bernama [[Ashli Babbitt]] ditembak oleh petugas keamanan semasa kebuntuan di luar ruangan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan kemudian tewas karena luka-luka,<ref name=wapojan6>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=January 6, 2021|title=Trump supporters storm U.S. Capitol, with one woman killed and tear gas fired|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trump-supporters-storm-capitol-dc/2021/01/06/58afc0b8-504b-11eb-83e3-322644d82356_story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106232624/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trump-supporters-storm-capitol-dc/2021/01/06/58afc0b8-504b-11eb-83e3-322644d82356_story.html|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 6, 2021|website=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Matthews|first=Dylan|date=January 6, 2021|title=Watch a tearful Trump supporter ask C-SPAN if her president lied to her|url=https://www.vox.com/2021/1/6/22218031/trump-supporter-cspan-president-lied|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107052227/https://www.vox.com/2021/1/6/22218031/trump-supporter-cspan-president-lied|archive-date=January 7, 2021|access-date=January 7, 2021|website=Vox|language=en|quote=At least one of the group storming the Capitol, Trump supporter Ashli Babbitt, was killed by an unknown shooter after she had made it inside the Capitol building.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 7, 2021|title=Man says San Diego woman killed in Capitol siege was his wife|url=https://www.kxan.com/news/national-news/san-diego-man-says-woman-killed-in-capitol-siege-was-his-wife/|access-date=January 7, 2021|website=KXAN Austin|language=en-US|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107052546/https://www.kxan.com/news/national-news/san-diego-man-says-woman-killed-in-capitol-siege-was-his-wife/|url-status=live}}</ref> sementara tiga orang lainnya meninggal akibat keadaan darurat medis sepanjang hari.<ref name="4Died" /><ref name="DC-police-update" /> Tiga [[alat peledak rakitan]] dilaporkan telah ditemukan, masing-masing di halaman Gedung Capitol, kantor [[Komite Nasional Partai Republik]] dan [[Komite Nasional Partai Demokrat]].<ref name="IED-CNN">{{cite news|last1=Shallwani|first1=Pervaiz|date=January 6, 2021|title=At least two real explosive devices in DC rendered safe by law enforcement|language=en|work=[[CNN]]|url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/congress-electoral-college-vote-count-2021/h_a8427f16f5c09d46e0dcff011e3d48c0|url-status=live|access-date=January 6, 2021|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224546/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/congress-electoral-college-vote-count-2021/h_a8427f16f5c09d46e0dcff011e3d48c0}}</ref><ref name="4Died">{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/06/shooting-capitol-pro-trump-riot-455639|title=4 died as Trump supporters invaded Capitol|agency=Associated Press|via=Politico|date=January 6, 2021|quote=D.C. police officials also say two pipe bombs were recovered, one outside the Democratic National Committee and one outside the Republican National Committee. Police found a cooler from a vehicle that had a long gun and Molotov cocktail on Capitol grounds.|access-date=January 7, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107052536/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/06/shooting-capitol-pro-trump-riot-455639|url-status=live}}</ref>

 

 

Kerusuhan dan penyerangan Gedung Capitol digambarkan sebagai [[pemberontakan]], [[penghasutan]], dan [[terorisme dalam negeri]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Conservative media members erupt with anger over protesters storming Capitol: 'This is domestic terrorism' |url=https://www.foxnews.com/media/conservative-media-members-erupt-anger-violent-protesters-storming-capitol |access-date=January 7, 2021 |work=Fox News |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106225458/https://www.foxnews.com/media/conservative-media-members-erupt-anger-violent-protesters-storming-capitol |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Natalie Dreier|url=https://www.kiro7.com/news/trending/capitol-violence-what-is-sedition/DRJBXNQPVJEB7EOEFKJZ6LAT5M/|title=Capitol violence: What is sedition?|publisher=Cox Media Group National Content Desk|via=KIRO|date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 7, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107011238/https://www.kiro7.com/news/trending/capitol-violence-what-is-sedition/DRJBXNQPVJEB7EOEFKJZ6LAT5M/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2021/01/06/capitol-riot-chris-evans-maria-shriver-and-more-stars-react/6570298002/|title='This is domestic terrorism': Meghan McCain, Cardi B and more react to Capitol riot|first=Charles|last=Trepany|website=USA TODAY|access-date=January 6, 2021|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106231355/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2021/01/06/capitol-riot-chris-evans-maria-shriver-and-more-stars-react/6570298002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2021/01/donald-trump-is-now-a-terrorist-leader/|title=Donald Trump is now a terrorist leader|first=David|last=Corn|access-date=January 6, 2021|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106231414/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2021/01/donald-trump-is-now-a-terrorist-leader/|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532990-cori-bush-introduces-legislation-to-sanction-remove-all-house-members-who|title=Cori Bush introduces legislation to sanction, remove all House members who supported election challenges|first=Martin|last=Johnson|date=January 6, 2021|website=The Hill|access-date=January 6, 2021|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230116/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532990-cori-bush-introduces-legislation-to-sanction-remove-all-house-members-who|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jansen|first=Bart|title=President-elect Joe Biden calls Capitol riot 'insurrection,' urges President Trump to 'end siege'|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/01/06/joe-biden-calls-capitol-riot-insurrection-urges-trump-end-siege/6571073002/|access-date=January 6, 2021|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106233427/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/01/06/joe-biden-calls-capitol-riot-insurrection-urges-trump-end-siege/6571073002/|url-status=live}}</ref> Beberapa media menyebut tindakan tersebut sebagai percobaan kudeta oleh Donald.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Graham|first=David A.|date=January 6, 2021|title=This Is a Coup|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/|access-date=January 6, 2021|website=The Atlantic|language=en|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Musgrave|first=Paul|title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/|access-date=January 6, 2021|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Solnit|first=Rebecca|title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt|access-date=January 7, 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en-UK|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="coleman" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jacobson|first=Louis|date=January 6, 2021|title=PolitiFact – Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide|url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=January 7, 2021|website=PolitiFact|quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It’s especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent’s loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}</ref> Peristiwa ini adalah kali pertama Gedung Capitol diserbu sejak [[Pembakaran Washington]] oleh [[Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia|Britania]] semasa [[Perang 1812]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Justine Lofton|date=January 6, 2021|title=Last U.S. Capitol breach was by British during War of 1812|url=https://www.mlive.com/news/2021/01/last-us-capitol-breach-was-by-british-during-war-of-1812.html|publisher=MLive|access-date=January 7, 2021|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107013003/https://www.mlive.com/news/2021/01/last-us-capitol-breach-was-by-british-during-war-of-1812.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"a violent seizure of the US Capitol building by violent rioters – the first time the Capitol had been breached since 1814 during the War of 1812" https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/politics/donald-trump-electoral-college-riot-us-capitol/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107052529/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/politics/donald-trump-electoral-college-riot-us-capitol/index.html |date=January 7, 2021 }}</ref>

* {{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/07/politics/house-republicans-trump-biden/index.html|title=House conservatives urge Trump not to concede and press for floor fight over election loss|first1=Manu|last1=Raju|first2=Jeremy|last2=Herb|date=December 7, 2020|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=December 8, 2020|archive-date=December 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208201025/https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/07/politics/house-republicans-trump-biden/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

 

 

 

=== Perencanaan penyerbuan ===

Donald menyampaikan pidato dari balik penghalang kaca, menyatakan dia tidak akan pernah mengakui pemilihan umum, mengkritik media, dan menyerukan Mike untuk membatalkan hasil pemilihan umum, sesuatu yang tidak ada dalam kekuasaan konstitusional Mike.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Nickeas|first=Peter|date=January 6, 2021|title=Pro-Trump supporters have flooded DC to protest president's election loss|publisher=[[CNN]]|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/politics/pro-trump-supporters-dc-protest/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106202325/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/politics/pro-trump-supporters-dc-protest/index.html|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Haberman|first=Maggie|date=January 6, 2021|title=Trump, speaking to protesters, declares 'we will never concede.'|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/06/us/electoral-vote|access-date=January 6, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106201215/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/06/us/electoral-vote|url-status=live}}</ref>

 

 

 

Donald juga berkata kepada para pendukungnya untuk bertarung dengan sekuat tenaga. Ia menyatakan mereka akan pergi ke Gedung Capitol dan memberikan kebanggaan dan keberanian yang mereka butuhkan kepada Partai Republik untuk merebut kembali negara.<ref name="BG">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/01/06/metro/heres-what-trump-told-his-supporters-before-many-them-stormed-capitol-wednesday/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210107014042/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/01/06/metro/heres-what-trump-told-his-supporters-before-many-them-stormed-capitol-wednesday/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 7, 2021|title=Before mob stormed US Capitol, Trump told them to 'fight like hell' – |work=[[The Boston Globe]]|access-date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> Pidato Donald yang penuh dengan kekeliruan dan kebohongan menyulut massa.<ref name=IsolatedTrumpPledges/>

 

 

=== Kerusuhan di Gedung Capitol ===

[[Berkas:Tear Gas outside United States Capitol 20210106.jpg|thumb|Polisi melepaskan [[gas air mata]] di luar Gedung Kongres Amerika Serikat.|left]]

 

 

 

[[Berkas:US Congress Breached by Protesters (Source) (1).webm|thumb|Orang-orang di dalam Capitol sedang dievakuasi. Staf dan reporter di dalam gedung dibawa dengan elevator yang aman ke ruang bawah tanah, dan kemudian ke bunker bawah tanah yang dibangun setelah percobaan serangan terhadap Capitol tahun 2001. Pengungsi dialihkan setelah bunker juga disusupi oleh massa pro-Trump.<ref name="WaPo senate evacuation timeline" />|left]]

 

Anggota Kongres di dalam ruang Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat diminta untuk mengenakan [[masker gas]] setelah penegak hukum mulai menggunakan [[gas air mata]] di dalam gedung.<ref name=":2" /> Anggota staf memindahkan kotak lembaran pengesahan suara Lembaga Pemilihan Umum agar tidak dirusak perusuh.<ref name="BBC-live" /><ref>Maureen Chowdhury, [https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/congress-electoral-college-vote-count-2021/h_54d83f1c965ed437e20ebda36839bd14 Lawmaker says staff were able to remove electoral ballots before rioters breached Senate floor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230313/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/congress-electoral-college-vote-count-2021/h_54d83f1c965ed437e20ebda36839bd14|date=January 6, 2021}}, CNN (January 6, 2021).</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite news|last1=Kanno-Youngs|first1=Zolan|last2=Tavernise|first2=Sabrina|last3=Cochrane|first3=Emily|date=January 7, 2021|title=As House Was Breached, a Fear 'We'd Have to Fight' to Get Out|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-breach-trump-protests.html|access-date=January 7, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107065257/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-breach-trump-protests.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ABC News]] melaporkan tembakan dilepaskan di dalam Gedung Capitol.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Berge|first=Clint|date=January 6, 2021|title=HAPPENING NOW: Armed standoff inside US Capitol, shots fired|url=https://wqow.com/2021/01/06/happening-now-armed-standoff-inside-us-capitol-shots-fired/|access-date=January 6, 2021|publisher=[[WQOW]]|language=en-US|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212531/https://wqow.com/2021/01/06/happening-now-armed-standoff-inside-us-capitol-shots-fired/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=<!-- Staff writer(s) -->|title=Updates: Capitol breached by protesters, shots reported fired inside|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/capitol-breached-protesters/story?id=75081629|access-date=January 6, 2021|website=[[ABC News]]|language=en|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212039/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/capitol-breached-protesters/story?id=75081629|url-status=live}}</ref> Setelah perusuh menerobos ke Gedung Capitol, ada kebuntuan bersenjata di pintu depan ruang Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat; ketika massa berusaha untuk masuk, petugas keamanan mengeluarkan senjata mereka ke dalam ruang Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat<ref name="Stunning">{{Cite web|title=Stunning Images as a Mob Storms the U.S. Capitol|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/trump-riot-dc-capitol-photos.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 7, 2021|access-date=January 7, 2021|archive-date=January 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108020712/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/trump-riot-dc-capitol-photos.html|url-status=live}}</ref> dan mengarahkan mereka ke pintu kamar, yang dibarikade dengan perabotan.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 6, 2021|title=Police draw guns inside the Capitol.|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/06/us/washington-dc-protests/police-draw-guns-inside-the-capitol|access-date=January 6, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106222936/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/01/06/us/washington-dc-protests/police-draw-guns-inside-the-capitol|url-status=live}}</ref> Di sebuah tangga, seorang petugas melepaskan tembakan ke seorang pria yang datang ke arahnya.<ref name="wapojan6" />