In God We Trust: Perbedaan antara revisi

Semasa zaman [[Perang Dingin]], pemerintah Amerika Serikat berusaha membedakan dirinya dengan [[Uni Soviet]] yang mempromosikan [[ateisme negara]] dan dengan demikian menerapkan [[legislasi antiagama Uni Soviet|legislasi antiagama]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Merriman|first=Scott A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_8VFygyaDYC&pg=PA281|title=Religion and the Law in America: An Encyclopedia of Personal Belief and Public Policy|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-1851098637|location=[[Santa Barbara, Calif.]]|quote=In 1956, the United States, changed its motto to 'In God We Trust', in large part to differentiate itself from the Soviet Union, its Cold War enemy that was widely seen as promoting atheism.|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529230649/https://books.google.com/books?id=l_8VFygyaDYC&pg=PA281&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=2019-05-29}}</ref> Oleh karena itu, perdebatan mengenai penggunaan lebih lanjut dari semboyan agama bermula di Kongres. Namun, [[Kevin M. Kruse]] berpendapat dalam buku karyanya bahwa penentangan kaum [[konservatisme di Amerika Serikat|konservatif]] terhadap [[New Deal]] dan kampanye mereka selanjutnya untuk memperluas pengaruh agama yang berhasil adalah faktor utama yang berkontribusi kepada pengadopsian lebih lanjut dari "In God We Trust".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kruse|first=Kevin M.|title=One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America|publisher=[[Basic Books]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0-465-04949-3|location=New York|pages=xiv-xv}}</ref>

 

 

 

On July 11, 1955, the bill, having passed with bipartisan support of both chambers of Congress, was signed into law by President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=1955-07-11|title=An Act to provide that all United States currency shall bear the inscription "In God We Trust."|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-69/pdf/STATUTE-69-Pg290-2.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=[[United States Government Publishing Office]]}}</ref><ref name="History, Art & Archives22">{{cite web|title=The Legislation Placing "In God We Trust" on National Currency'|url=https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-legislation-placing-%E2%80%9CIn-God-We-Trust%E2%80%9D-on-national-currency/|url-status=live|access-date=2019-09-16|work=[[United States House of Representatives]]}}</ref> Since all coins already complied with the law, the only changes were made to the paper currency. The motto first appeared on the $1 [[Silver certificate (United States)#Small-size United States silver certificates (1928–1957)|silver certificate]] in 1957, followed by other certificates. [[Federal Reserve Note]]s and [[United States Note]]s<ref>Not produced since 1971</ref> were circulated with the motto starting from 1964 to 1966, depending on the denomination.<ref name="USTreasury22" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Merriman|first=Scott A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_8VFygyaDYC&pg=PA281|title=Religion and the Law in America: An Encyclopedia of Personal Belief and Public Policy|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-1-85109-863-7|volume=1|location=[[Santa Barbara, Calif.]]|pages=281|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Epstein|first=Steven B.|date=1996|title=Rethinking the Constitutionality of Ceremonial Deism|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1123418|journal=[[Columbia Law Review]]|volume=96|issue=8|pages=2083–2174|doi=10.2307/1123418|jstor=1123418|issn=0010-1958|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317235545/http://www.jstor.org/stable/1123418|archive-date=2017-03-17}}</ref>{{Efn|Quoting the [[peroration]] (abridged here) of the speech by [[Charles Edward Bennett]], sponsor in the House, the only speech in either House of Congress on the subject. President Eisenhower and [[W. Randolph Burgess]], Deputy to the [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Treasury for Monetary Affairs]], had approved of the legislation. 101 [[Congressional Record]] pp. 4384 (quoted), 7796. (1955)}}