In God We Trust: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 108:
==== Diwajibkan untuk dipajang ====
* {{bendera|Arkansas}}:
* {{bendera|Dakota Selatan}}: In March 2019, South Dakota required public schools to prominently display "In God We Trust" motto on their walls, starting from 2019-20 school year.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Matias|first=Dani|date=2019-07-25|title=South Dakota Public Schools Add 'In God We Trust' Signs To Walls|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/25/744909500/south-dakota-public-schools-add-in-god-we-trust-signs-to-walls|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[National Public Radio]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-24|title='In God We Trust' going up at South Dakota public schools|url=https://apnews.com/article/7fee63ffb2f14a3698815490325a9fc6|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bill Title: Require the national motto of the United States to be displayed in public schools.|url=https://legiscan.com/SD/text/SB55/id/1945148|url-status=live|access-date=2020-05-16|website=Legiscan}}</ref>
* '{{bendera|Florida}}: In early 2018, [[Kimberly Daniels]], a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] who served as a representative for the [[Florida House of Representatives]], introduced {{Abbr|HB|House Bill}} 839, a bill that requires public schools to display the motto "In God We Trust" in a conspicuous place. On February 21, 2018, the bill passed 97 to 10 in the House.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sterling|first=Joe|title=Florida lawmakers advance a bill that requires 'In God We Trust' displayed on school grounds|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/23/us/florida-in-god-we-trust-legislation-trnd/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113844/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/23/us/florida-in-god-we-trust-legislation-trnd/index.html|archive-date=2018-02-24|access-date=2018-02-24|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2018-02-23|title=Florida lawmakers advance bill that would require 'In God We Trust' to be visible on all school buildings|url=http://www.newsweek.com/florida-lawmakers-give-go-ahead-bill-have-god-we-trust-school-buildings-818745|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224165636/http://www.newsweek.com/florida-lawmakers-give-go-ahead-bill-have-god-we-trust-school-buildings-818745|archive-date=2018-02-24|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> Governor [[Rick Scott]] then signed the mandate into law.<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-03-26|title=Atheist group offers to provide "In God We Trust" signs to Florida public schools|url=https://www.tampabay.com/blogs/gradebook/2018/03/26/atheist-group-offers-to-provide-in-god-we-trust-signs-to-florida-public-schools/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603120850/https://www.tampabay.com/blogs/gradebook/2018/03/26/atheist-group-offers-to-provide-in-god-we-trust-signs-to-florida-public-schools/|archive-date=2019-06-03|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Tampa Bay Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Balingit|first=Moriah|date=2018-12-01|title=Does 'In God We Trust' belong in schools? More and more states say yes.|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/does-in-god-we-trust-belong-in-schools-more-and-more-states-say-yes/2018/12/01/d846f870-e863-11e8-b8dc-66cca409c180_story.html|access-date=2021-05-25|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
Baris 133:
==== Legislation pending ====
*
*
▲* '''[[Illinois]]''': A 2021 proposal by Representative [[Adam Niemerg]] to permit display of "In God We Trust" in public schools has passed the [[Illinois House of Representatives]] in April 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-22|title=Niemerg's "In God We Trust" Legislation Passes Illinois House|url=http://www.thexradio.com/news/78-local-news/49751-niemerg-s-in-god-we-trust-legislation-passes-illinois-house|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Effingham's News and Sports Leader, 979XFM and KJ Country 102.3|language=en-gb}}</ref> and is being deliberated upon by the [[Illinois Senate|state Senate]] as of August 2021.
▲* '''Oklahoma''': In 2020, the [[Oklahoma House of Representatives]] voted to oblige state buildings to display the motto,<ref>{{cite web|author=Carmen Forman|date=2020-03-04|title=Oklahoma House approves 'In God We Trust' bill|url=https://oklahoman.com/article/5656492/oklahoma-house-approves-in-god-we-trust-bill|url-status=live|access-date=2020-03-05|website=[[The Oklahoman]]}}</ref> however, the bill died in the [[Oklahoma Senate|Senate]] due to the disruption caused by [[COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma|COVID-19]].<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|last=Forman|first=Carmen|title=Oklahoma House speaker wants 'In God We Trust' displayed in state buildings|url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/politics/2021/03/02/oklahoma-house-speaker-wants-in-god-we-trust-displayed-in-state-buildings/334638007/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Oklahoman]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The following year, the House reintroduced and passed the same bill in March 2021,<ref name=":18" /> while the Senate approved a version that would allow but not require the display of the motto.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Querry-Thompson|first=Kimberly|date=2021-03-08|title=Oklahoma Senate passes bill to allow 'In God We Trust' on buildings|url=https://kfor.com/news/local/oklahoma-senate-passes-bill-to-allow-in-god-we-trust-on-buildings/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[KFOR-TV|KFOR]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Both bills are being proceeded as of August 2021.
In addition to that, several local governments have introduced the display of the motto in government buildings and municipal cars.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Daniel|first=Rae|date=2015-08-01|title='In God We Trust' stickers placed on Jefferson Co., IL squad cars|url=https://www.kfvs12.com/story/29683669/in-god-we-trust-to-be-placed-on-jefferson-co-il-squad-cars|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801181841/http://www.kfvs12.com/story/29683669/in-god-we-trust-to-be-placed-on-jefferson-co-il-squad-cars|archive-date=2015-08-01|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[KFVS-TV]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2015-10-01|title=Atheist Group Asks Police Remove 'In God We Trust' Car Decal|url=http://dailysignal.com/2015/10/01/atheist-group-calls-for-removal-of-in-god-we-trust-police-car-decals-police-chief-says-go-fly-a-kite/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205846/http://dailysignal.com/2015/10/01/atheist-group-calls-for-removal-of-in-god-we-trust-police-car-decals-police-chief-says-go-fly-a-kite/|archive-date=2018-02-25|access-date=2018-02-25|website=[[Daily Signal]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sam|first1=Morgan|date=2019-06-06|title='In God We Trust' decals to be placed on local police, fire vehicles|work=[[The Bakersfield Californian]]|url=https://www.bakersfield.com/news/in-god-we-trust-decals-to-be-placed-on-local/article_fb214930-880a-11e9-9042-03579af67a08.html|url-status=live|access-date=2019-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607003302/https://www.bakersfield.com/news/in-god-we-trust-decals-to-be-placed-on-local/article_fb214930-880a-11e9-9042-03579af67a08.html|archive-date=2019-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://ingodwetrustamerica.org/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=In God We Trust America|language=en-US}}</ref> School boards have also seen voluntary introduction of the motto, particularly after the [[September 11 attacks]], when the [[American Family Association]] supplied several 11-by-14-inch posters to school systems and vowed to defend any legal challenges to their display.<ref>{{cite news|last=Howlett|first=Debbie|date=2002-02-19|title='In God We Trust' pressed for schools|work=[[USAToday]]|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/02/20/usat-posters.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2013-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111072453/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/02/20/usat-posters.htm|archive-date=2013-11-11}}</ref>
==Society and culture==
[[File:Downtown Siloam Springs, AR 023.jpg|thumb|272x272px|[[Grand Army of the Republic Memorial (Siloam Springs, Arkansas)|Grand Army of the Republic Memorial]] ([[Siloam Springs, Arkansas]]) engraved with the words "{{sc|IN GOD WE TRUST}}"]]
Multiple scholars have noted that "In God We Trust" motto is one of the main elements of [[civil religion]] in the United States.<ref>{{multiref|For various perspectives on the matter, see:|{{Cite journal|last=Latterell|first=Justin|date=2015-04-21|title=In God We Trust: Abraham Lincoln and America's Deathbed Repentance|journal=Political Theology|language=en|volume=12|issue=4|pages=594–607|doi=10.1558/poth.v12i4.594|doi-access=free}}|{{Cite journal|last=Bellah|first=Robert N.|date=1967|title=Civil Religion in America|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20027022|journal=[[Daedalus (journal)|Daedalus]]|volume=96|issue=1|pages=1–21|issn=0011-5266|jstor=20027022}}|{{Cite web|date=1999-10-26|title=In God We Trust: Civil and Uncivil Religion in America|url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/archived/encounter/in-god-we-trust-civil-and-uncivil-religion-in/3560790|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|language=en-AU}}|{{Cite web|last=Fait|first=Stefano|title=Civil Religion|url=https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1519/civil-religion|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Middle Tennessee State University]]|language=en}}|{{Cite journal|last1=Knicely|first1=James J.|last2=Whitehead|first2=John W.|date=2010|title=In God We Trust: The Judicial Establishment of American Civil Religion|url=https://repository.law.uic.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097&context=lawreview|journal=[[John Marshall Law Review]]|volume=43}}|{{Cite journal|last=Coleman|first=John A.|date=1970-07-01|title=Civil Religion|journal=[[Sociology of Religion]]|volume=31|issue=2|pages=75|doi=10.2307/3710057|jstor=3710057|doi-access=free}}}}</ref>
===Religion===
In [[Judaism]] and [[Christianity]], the official motto "In God We Trust" is not found verbatim in any verses from the [[Bible]], but very closely in the Old Testament in {{Bibleverse||Psalm|91:2|KJV}}, "I will say of the LORD, ''He is'' my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust" and in the New Testament in {{Bibleverse||2 Corinthians|1:10|KJV}}, "Who delivered us from so great a death, and doth deliver: in whom we trust that he will yet deliver ''us''." The concept is paraphrased in {{Bibleverse||Psalm|118:8|KJV}}, {{Bibleverse||Psalm|40:3|KJV}}, {{Bibleverse||Psalm|73:28|KJV}}, and {{Bibleverse||Proverbs|29:25|KJV}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=In God We Trust: The Motto|url=http://www.allabouthistory.org/in-god-we-trust.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216035526/http://www.allabouthistory.org/in-god-we-trust.htm|archive-date=2013-02-16|access-date=2013-02-26|publisher=All About History}}</ref> According to [[Philip Jenkins]], a historian of religion, some Bible translations rendered Psalm 56:11 as "'''In God I trust'''; I will not fear",<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Scottish Metrical Psalter|url=http://www.cgmusic.org/workshop/smp_frame.htm|access-date=2021-05-29|website=www.cgmusic.org}}</ref> which could lead to substitution of the first "I" for "we".<ref name=":11" />
In [[Islam]] the word for the concept of reliance on God is called {{transl|ar|[[Tawakkul]]}}; the phrase "In God We Trust" is literally found in two places of the [[Quran]], in [[Surah]] 10 [[Yunus (surah)|Yunus]], as well as [[Surah]] [[Al-A'raf]] (7:89), and several other verses reinforce this concept.<ref>{{cite web|title=Verses including the word Putting One's Trust in Allah (Tawakkul)|url=http://quranindex.net/kelime.php?id=8603|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007144200/http://quranindex.net/kelime.php?id=8603|archive-date=2016-10-07|access-date=2016-06-16|publisher=Quran Index}}</ref> Melkote Ramaswamy, a Hindu American scholar, writes that the presence of the phrase "In God We Trust" on American currency is a reminder that "there is God everywhere, whether we are conscious or not."<ref>{{cite web|last=Ramaswamy|first=Melkote|date=2012-08-11|title=Faith/Values {{pipe}} Indianapolis Star|url=http://www.indystar.com/article/20120811/LIFE04/208110323/In-Hinduism-there-just-one-God-many-forms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019115759/http://www.indystar.com/article/20120811/LIFE04/208110323/In-Hinduism-there-just-one-God-many-forms|archive-date=2014-10-19|access-date=2014-02-04|publisher=indystar.com}}</ref>
===In popular culture===
A 2007 e-mail conspiracy theory said that "In God We Trust" was deliberately omitted from new U.S. dollar coins.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mikkelson|first=David|date=2013-01-01|title=New Dollar Coins and 'In God We Trust'|url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/historic-change/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Snopes]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The first coins produced under the [[Presidential $1 Coin Program]] did lack the "In God We Trust" inscription along their edges (along with the {{lang|la|E Pluribus Unum}} inscription, the year of production, and the [[mint mark]]; these coins, unlike normal dollar coins, had completely blank edges), but these coins, known as "[[Presidential $1 Coin Program#Minting errors|godless dollars]]", were the result of a minting error, not a deliberate omission.<ref>{{cite web|author=David S Morgan|date=2007-03-07|title="Godless" Dollar Coins Slip Through Mint|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/03/07/national/main2543125.shtml?source=RSSattr=HOME_2543125|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424224759/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/03/07/national/main2543125.shtml?source=RSSattr=HOME_2543125|archive-date=2011-04-24|access-date=2010-11-03|website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-07|title=Coins circulating without 'In God We Trust'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna17501178|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=[[NBC News]]|language=en}}</ref>
[[File:2008_South_Carolina_license_plate_In_God_We_Trust_000_000.png|thumb|"In God We Trust" optional [[South Carolina license plates|license plate]] of South Carolina, designed in 2002|alt="In God We Trust" on the top of the optional license plate of South Carolina, designed in 2002. U.S. and South Carolina's flag appear weaving off a pole in the middle, separating two series of three characters each.]]
In January 2006, [[Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen]] and his wife Jackie were offered a place on the [[Valentine's Day]] celebrity couples edition of ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)|Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'' They appeared on the show managing to reach the £1 million question, before answering it incorrectly and dropping from £500,000 down to just £32,000 (a loss of £468,000). Celador allowed Llewelyn-Bowen and his wife to retry the show after the company claimed that the last question "didn't meet their standards". The allegedly misleading question was "Translated from the [[Latin]], what is the motto of the United States?" The answer given by Llewelyn-Bowen was "In God We Trust" which is originally English and has been the motto of the United States since 1956. The intended answer had been "One Out of Many" which is a translation of the Latin phrase {{lang|la|[[E pluribus unum]]}}, which has never been an official United States motto.<ref name="secondchance22">{{cite news|date=2006-01-13|title=TV designer's second shot at £1m|work=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4608690.stm|url-status=live|access-date=2015-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725015341/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4608690.stm|archive-date=2015-07-25}}</ref>
The motto has also appeared in [[Jean Shepherd]]'s book ''[[In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash]]'', and in albums made by [[In God We Trust (Stryper album)|Stryper]], [[In God We Trust (Brand Nubian album)|Brand Nubian]] and [[In God We Trust (Mermen album)|Mermen]].
===License plates===
[[File:Mississippi sample plate, 2019.png|thumb|Mississippi current standard plate design (as of 2021). "IN GOD WE TRUST" can be seen at the bottom of the state seal.|alt=Mississippi current standard plate design (as of 2021). "IN GOD WE TRUST" can be seen at the bottom of the state seal, which is located in the gap between three letters and four numbers of the license plate.]]
As of May 25, 2021 the following U.S. states currently offer an "In God We Trust" license plate (vanity and standard issues): Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, Ohio,<ref>{{cite web|title=4503.763 Ohio Battleflag license plates.|url=http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/4503.763|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530035758/http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/4503.763|archive-date=2018-05-30|access-date=2018-05-29|website=Ohio Administrative Code|publisher=Lawriter LLC|quote="Ohio Battleflag" license plates shall be inscribed with the words "In God We Trust"}}</ref> Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Project Blitz - "In God We Trust" License Plates|url=https://www.blitzwatch.org/in-god-we-trust-license-plates|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=BlitzWatch|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite web|last=Parke|first=Caleb|date=2019-01-03|title=Mississippi unveils new state license plates with 'In God We Trust'|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/mississippis-new-license-plates-say-in-god-we-trust|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Fox News]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[Mississippi]]'s current standard plate features the motto as displayed on its [[Seal of Mississippi|state seal]],<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-01|title=Mississippi adding 'In God We Trust' on new license plate|url=https://apnews.com/article/09cd7d3c984a43478431840d2280a227|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> while [[Utah]] offers a standard option license plate.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In God We Trust - Utah|url=https://dmv.utah.gov/plates/united|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Utah Department of Motor Vehicles}}</ref> Florida, which also offers a specialty plate, has an option to place "In God We Trust" instead of the [[List of U.S. state and territory nicknames|official nickname]] or [[List of counties in Florida|county]] name;<ref>{{Cite web|title=License Plates & Registration|url=https://www.flhsmv.gov/motor-vehicles-tags-titles/license-plates-registration/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles|language=en}}</ref> Georgia also provides for such an option,<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Georgia Code :: Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic :: Chapter 2 - Registration and Licensing of Motor Vehicles :: Article 1 - General Provisions :: § 40-2-9. Space for county name decal; display of "In God We Trust" decal in lieu of county name decal|url=https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/2019/title-40/chapter-2/article-1/section-40-2-9/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Justia Law|language=en}}</ref> while North Carolina offers an option with North Carolina's state motto and "In God We Trust" instead of "First in Flight" or "First in Freedom".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stradling|first=Richard|date=2019-07-01|title='In God We Trust' now an option on your next North Carolina license plate|work=[[The News & Observer]]|url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/article232138912.html|access-date=2021-05-25}}</ref>
=== Opinion polls ===
According to a 2003 joint poll by ''[[USA Today]]'', [[CNN]], and [[The Gallup Organization|Gallup]], 90% of Americans support the inscription "In God We Trust" on U.S. coins,<ref name="Poll22" /> however, a more recent student poll in 2019 by ''College Pulse'' made for ''[[The College Fix]]'' showed that just over a half of students supports inclusion of the national motto in currency, with two-thirds of those who recognised themselves as Democrats opposing and 94% of Republicans in favor of the measure.<ref name=":32" />
== Lihat pula ==
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