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=== Proses pengadilan ===
Sifat konstitusional frasa "In God We Trust" telah berulang kali ditegakkan menurut penafsiran hukum dari akomodasionisme yang penganutnya menyatakan bahwa praktik yang mengakar ini secara historis tidak menghadirkan kesulitan konstitusional, tidak memaksa, dan tidak lebih memilih satu denominasi agama daripada lainnya.<ref name="Views22">{{cite book|author=Richard H. Fallon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vonnZcMHs8kC&pg=PA60|title=The Dynamic Constitution: an Introduction to Americans Constitutional Law|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-60078-1|page=60|quote="Strict separationists" believe that the government has no business supporting religious beliefs or institutions in any way – for example, by providing tax breaks to churches, assisting parochial schools, including prayers or benedictions in public ceremonies, or inscribing "In God We Trust" on the currency. Religious accommodationists can well explain why certain entrenched social practices (such as the inscription of "In God We Trust" on the currency) were not historically perceived as presenting constitutional difficulties: The relevant practices are not coercive and do not prefer one narrow sect over another.|access-date=2016-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118232121/https://books.google.com/books?id=vonnZcMHs8kC&pg=PA60|archive-date=2016-11-18|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam ''[[Zorach v. Clauson]]'' (1952), [[Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat|Mahkamah Agung]] also wrote that the nation's "institutions presuppose a Supreme Being" and that government recognition of [[God]] does not constitute the establishment of a state church as the Constitution's authors intended to prohibit.<ref name="ABA22">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gymQ6vWfA3QC&q=Zorach+v.+Clauson+++In+God+We+Trust&pg=PA817|title=ABA Journal Sep 1962|date=September 1962|quote=Much more recently, in 1952, speaking through Mr. Justice Douglas in ''Zorach v. Clauson'', 343 U.S. 306, 313, the Supreme Court repeated the same sentiments, saying: We are a religious people whose institutions presuppose a Supreme Being. Mr. Justice Brewer in the ''Holy Trinity'' case, ''supra'', mentioned many of these evidences of religion, and Mr. Justice Douglas in the ''Zorach'' case referred to&nbsp;... [P]rayers in our legislative halls; the appeals to the Almighty in the messages of the Chief Executive; the proclamation making Thanksgiving Day a holiday; "So help me God" in our courtroom oaths – these and&nbsp;... other references to the Almighty&nbsp;... run through our laws, our public rituals, our ceremonies&nbsp;... the supplication with which the Court opens each session: "God save the United States and this Honorable Court" (312–313). To this list may be added tax exemption of churches, chaplaincies in the armed forces, the "Pray for Peace" postmark, the widespread observance of Christmas holidays, and, in classrooms, singing the fourth stanza of ''America'' which is prayer invoking the protection of God, and the words "in God is our trust" as found in the National Anthem, and the reciting of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, modified by an Act of Congress of June 14, 1954, to include the words "under God.|access-date=2016-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119065015/https://books.google.com/books?id=gymQ6vWfA3QC&pg=PA817&dq=Zorach+v.+Clauson+++In+God+We+Trust#v=onepage&q=Zorach%20v.%20Clauson%20%20%20In%20God%20We%20Trust&f=false|archive-date=November 19, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The courts also rely on the notion of "[[ceremonial deism]]" (as defined in [[William J. Brennan Jr.|Brennan's]] dissent in ''[[Lynch v. Donnelly]]''),<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Merriam|first1=Jesse|last2=Lupu|first2=Ira|last3=Elwood|first3=F.|last4=Davis|first4=Eleanor|last5=Tuttle|first5=Robert|last6=R.|first6=David|last7=Kirschner|first7=Sherry|date=2008-08-28|title=On Ceremonial Occasions, May the Government Invoke a Deity?|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2008/08/28/on-ceremonial-occasions-may-the-government-invoke-a-deity/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> i.e. that there exist religious references that, through their repetitious and customary usage, have become secular and are thus constitutional.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thorne|first=M.|date=Sep 2003|title=The Tangled Web of Ceremonial Deism|url=https://www.libertymagazine.org/article/the-tangled-web-of-ceremonial-deism|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Liberty Magazine]]}}</ref> While opponents of such rulings argue that [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]]'s notion of "wall of separation between church and state" prohibits any aid, direct or indirect, to any religious institution, and therefore any ruling to the contrary goes counter to [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founders]]' intent, this separationist view has not gained significant ground in judicial settings.<ref name="Views22" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=JONES|first=RICHARD H.|date=1989|title="In God We Trust" and the Establishment Clause|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23916922|journal=Journal of Church and State|volume=31|issue=3|pages=381–417|doi=10.1093/jcs/31.3.381|jstor=23916922|issn=0021-969X|via=[[JSTOR]]}}</ref>
Even though not directly related to the motto, ''[[Engel v. Vitale]]'' elicited much speculation on the future of "In God We Trust" in public settings. In the ruling, the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] struck down a [[New York (state)|New York]] law that encouraged public schools to recite a prayer as written in state law on [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] grounds. The ruling sparked widespread outrage and was extremely unpopular at the time, even as the judges' decision was near-unanimous.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal|last=Lain|first=Corinna Barrett|date=2015|title=God, Civic Virtue, and the American Way: Reconstructing Engel|url=https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2153&context=law-faculty-publications|journal=[[Stanford Law Review]]|volume=67}}</ref> Almost 4/5 of Americans disapproved of the ruling, according to a [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] poll.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lyons|first=Linda|date=2002-12-10|title=The Gallup Brain: Prayer in Public Schools|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/7393/Gallup-Brain-Prayer-Public-Schools.aspx|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]|language=en}}</ref> Congressmen were afraid that "In God We Trust" would have to disappear from coins and banknotes,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1962-06-28|title=THE SUPREME COURT DECISION ON PRAYER IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK|url=https://www.congress.gov/87/crecb/1962/06/28/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt9-5.pdf|journal=Congressional Record - Senate|pages=12226}}</ref> the feeling shared by the then president of the [[American Bar Association]], John C. Salterfield.<ref name=":02" /> Senator [[Sam Ervin]], a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] from [[North Carolina]], went so far as to wonder if God was declared unconstitutional by that decision.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1962-06-26|title=The Supreme Court decision on prayer in public schools of New York|url=https://www.congress.gov/87/crecb/1962/06/26/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt9-3.pdf|journal=Congressional Record - Senate|pages=11709}}</ref> Congressmen tried to direct federal funds to buy [[Bible]]s for the Supreme Court justices and to propose a [[School Prayer Amendment|constitutional amendment]] allowing [[school prayer]] (both measures failed).<ref name=":21" /> A similar ruling the following year in ''[[Abington Township v. Schempp]]'' prompted senators to attempt to force the Supreme Court to hang the national motto in the courtroom, which also did not succeed.<ref name=":02" /attempting to outlaw "In God We Trust" was filed, with support of the [[Freedom From Religion Foundation]], by [[Michael Newdow]], who was known for his previous case ''[[Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow]]'', in which the Ninth Circuit issued a ruling removing "under God" from the [[Pledge of Allegiance]] (the ruling was overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court). A federal judge in [[California]] rejected his reasoning in a June 2006 ruling, and the same conclusion was reached by the Ninth Circuit. Because the Supreme Court denied [[certiorari]], the appelate court's decision, which said that "the national motto is of a "patriotic or ceremonial character," has no "theological or ritualistic impact," and does not constitute "governmental sponsorship of a religious exercise,"" remained unchanged and in force.<ref>{{Cite news|last=+|first=Bob|date=2011-03-08|title='In God We Trust' suit rejected by Supreme Court|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|url=http://www.sfgate.com/nation/article/In-God-We-Trust-suit-rejected-by-Supreme-Court-2471527.php|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213222045/https://www.sfgate.com/nation/article/In-God-We-Trust-suit-rejected-by-Supreme-Court-2471527.php|archive-date=2018-02-13}}</ref> A lawsuit filed by Newdow and Freedom from Religion Foundation in 2013 in New York also failed, both on trial<ref>{{cite web|title=Lawsuit to remove 'In God We Trust' from money gets dismissed - KSL.com|url=http://www.ksl.com/index.php?nid=1016&sid=26823999&fm=most_popular|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224232917/https://www.ksl.com/index.php?nid=1016&sid=26823999&fm=most_popular|archive-date=2018-02-24|access-date=2018-02-24|work=ksl.com}}</ref> and on appeal to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|Second Circuit]];<ref>{{Cite news|last=Volokh|first=Eugene|date=2014-05-28|title="In God We Trust" on currency doesn't violate the First Amendment or the Religious Freedom Restoration Act|work=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/05/28/in-god-we-trust-on-currency-doesnt-violate-the-first-amendment-or-the-religious-freedom-restoration-act/|access-date=2021-06-01}}</ref> yet another one, filed in Ohio in 2016, was dismissed by the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio|U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio]] and the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|Sixth Circuit]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Doe Child #1 v. Congress of the United States, No. 16-4345 (6th Cir. 2018)|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca6/16-4345/16-4345-2018-05-29.html|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Justia Law|language=en}}</ref> The same happened with the lawsuit in the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit|Eighth Circuit]], which was unrelated to Newdow's efforts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jr|first=David L. Hudson|title=8th Circuit: "In God We Trust" on money is constitutional|url=https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/post/177/8th-circuit-in-god-we-trust-on-money-is-constitutional|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=[[Middle Tennessee State University]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Stempel|first=Jonathan|date=2018-08-28|title=U.S. court rejects atheists' appeal over 'In God We Trust' on money|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-religion-motto-idUSKCN1LD24K|access-date=2021-06-01}}</ref>▼
 
Even though not directly related to the motto, ''[[Engel v. Vitale]]'' elicited much speculation on the future of "In God We Trust" in public settings. In the ruling, the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] struck down a [[New York (state)|New York]] law that encouraged public schools to recite a prayer as written in state law on [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] grounds. The ruling sparked widespread outrage and was extremely unpopular at the time, even as the judges' decision was near-unanimous.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal|last=Lain|first=Corinna Barrett|date=2015|title=God, Civic Virtue, and the American Way: Reconstructing Engel|url=https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2153&context=law-faculty-publications|journal=[[Stanford Law Review]]|volume=67}}</ref> Almost 4/5 of Americans disapproved of the ruling, according to a [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] poll.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lyons|first=Linda|date=2002-12-10|title=The Gallup Brain: Prayer in Public Schools|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/7393/Gallup-Brain-Prayer-Public-Schools.aspx|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]|language=en}}</ref> Congressmen were afraid that "In God We Trust" would have to disappear from coins and banknotes,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1962-06-28|title=THE SUPREME COURT DECISION ON PRAYER IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK|url=https://www.congress.gov/87/crecb/1962/06/28/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt9-5.pdf|journal=Congressional Record - Senate|pages=12226}}</ref> the feeling shared by the then president of the [[American Bar Association]], John C. Salterfield.<ref name=":02" /> Senator [[Sam Ervin]], a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] from [[North Carolina]], went so far as to wonder if God was declared unconstitutional by that decision.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1962-06-26|title=The Supreme Court decision on prayer in public schools of New York|url=https://www.congress.gov/87/crecb/1962/06/26/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt9-3.pdf|journal=Congressional Record - Senate|pages=11709}}</ref> Congressmen tried to direct federal funds to buy [[Bible]]s for the Supreme Court justices and to propose a [[School Prayer Amendment|constitutional amendment]] allowing [[school prayer]] (both measures failed).<ref name=":21" /> A similar ruling the following year in ''[[Abington Township v. Schempp]]'' prompted senators to attempt to force the Supreme Court to hang the national motto in the courtroom, which also did not succeed.<ref name=":02" />
 
Even though the Supreme Court has never ruled directly on the constitutionality of "In God We Trust",<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Dunn|first=Christopher|date=2015-10-02|title=Column: The Pope, Invoking God, and New York Courtrooms (New York Law Journal)|url=https://www.nyclu.org/en/publications/column-pope-invoking-god-and-new-york-courtrooms-new-york-law-journal|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=[[New York Civil Liberties Union]]|language=en|quote=The Supreme Court has never ruled on any aspect of government use of "In God We Trust," and the phrase appears only as an aside in a few of the Court's opinions.}}</ref> several [[United States courts of appeals|appellate federal courts]] and some state courts have, and the Supreme Court itself did not seem to have any problem with the phrase being inscribed on coins and banknotes.<ref name=":1" />
 
''[[Aronow v. United States]]'' was the first case to challenge the inclusion of "In God We Trust" on [[United States dollar|U.S. currency]].<ref name="AronowUS22">{{cite court|litigants=Aronow v. United States|court=9th Cir.|reporter=F.2d|vol=432|opinion=242|pinpoint=243|date=1970-10-06|url=http://openjurist.org/432/f2d/242/aronow-v-united-states|no=23444}}</ref> The passage of the statute that the lawsuit challenged ("the inscription 'In God we Trust'...shall appear on all United States currency and coins", {{USC|31|324a}})<ref name="AronowUS22" /> stood, and the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|Ninth Circuit]] stated that: "''its [motto's] use is of patriotic or ceremonial character and bears no true resemblance to a governmental sponsorship of a religious exercise''". In ''O'Hair v. Blumenthal'' (1978), the [[United States District Court for the Western District of Texas|U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas]] also upheld the law. A similar decision was reached on appeal to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit|Fifth Circuit]] in 1979, which affirmed that the "primary purpose of the slogan was secular".<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Duncan|first=Ann W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-6kZHs0yG5sC&q=Church-state+Issues+in+America+Today|title=Church-state Issues in America Today|date=2007-12-30|publisher=Praeger Publishers|isbn=978-0-275-99367-2|volume=1|location=[[Westport, Connecticut|Westport, Ct.]]|pages=88|language=en}}</ref> The decision was reaffirmed by a ruling in the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit|Tenth Circuit]] in ''Gaylor v. United States.''<ref>{{Cite web|date=1996-01-23|title=GAYLOR v. UNITED STATES|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-10th-circuit/1343475.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Findlaw|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
▲EvenA though not directly related to the motto, ''[[Engel v. Vitale]]'' elicited much speculation on the futureseries of "In God We Trust" in public settings. In the ruling, the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] struck down a [[New York (state)|New York]] law that encouraged public schools to recite a prayer as written in state law on [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] grounds. The ruling sparked widespread outrage and was extremely unpopular at the time, even as the judges' decision was near-unanimous.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal|last=Lain|first=Corinna Barrett|date=2015|title=God, Civic Virtue, and the American Way: Reconstructing Engel|url=https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2153&context=law-faculty-publications|journal=[[Stanford Law Review]]|volume=67}}</ref> Almost 4/5 of Americans disapproved of the ruling, according to a [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] poll.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lyons|first=Linda|date=2002-12-10|title=The Gallup Brain: Prayer in Public Schools|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/7393/Gallup-Brain-Prayer-Public-Schools.aspx|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]|language=en}}</ref> Congressmen were afraid that "In God We Trust" would have to disappear from coins and banknotes,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1962-06-28|title=THE SUPREME COURT DECISION ON PRAYER IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK|url=https://www.congress.gov/87/crecb/1962/06/28/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt9-5.pdf|journal=Congressional Record - Senate|pages=12226}}</ref> the feeling shared by the then president of the [[American Bar Association]], John C. Salterfield.<ref name=":02" /> Senator [[Sam Ervin]], a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] from [[North Carolina]], went so far as to wonder if God was declared unconstitutional by that decision.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1962-06-26|title=The Supreme Court decision on prayer in public schools of New York|url=https://www.congress.gov/87/crecb/1962/06/26/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt9-3.pdf|journal=Congressional Record - Senate|pages=11709}}</ref> Congressmen tried to direct federal funds to buy [[Bible]]s for the Supreme Court justices and to propose a [[School Prayer Amendment|constitutional amendment]] allowing [[school prayer]] (both measures failed).<ref name=":21" /> A similar ruling the following year in ''[[Abington Township v. Schempp]]'' prompted senators to attempt to force the Supreme Court to hang the national motto in the courtroom, which also did not succeed.<ref name=":02"lawsuits /attempting to outlaw "In God We Trust" was filed, with support of the [[Freedom From Religion Foundation]], by [[Michael Newdow]], who was known for his previous case ''[[Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow]]'', in which the Ninth Circuit issued a ruling removing "under God" from the [[Pledge of Allegiance]] (the ruling was overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court). A federal judge in [[California]] rejected his reasoning in a June 2006 ruling, and the same conclusion was reached by the Ninth Circuit. Because the Supreme Court denied [[certiorari]], the appelate court's decision, which said that "the national motto is of a "patriotic or ceremonial character," has no "theological or ritualistic impact," and does not constitute "governmental sponsorship of a religious exercise,"" remained unchanged and in force.<ref>{{Cite news|last=+Egelko|first=Bob|date=2011-03-08|title='In God We Trust' suit rejected by Supreme Court|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|url=http://www.sfgate.com/nation/article/In-God-We-Trust-suit-rejected-by-Supreme-Court-2471527.php|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213222045/https://www.sfgate.com/nation/article/In-God-We-Trust-suit-rejected-by-Supreme-Court-2471527.php|archive-date=2018-02-13}}</ref> A lawsuit filed by Newdow and Freedom from Religion Foundation in 2013 in New York also failed, both on trial<ref>{{cite web|title=Lawsuit to remove 'In God We Trust' from money gets dismissed - KSL.com|url=http://www.ksl.com/index.php?nid=1016&sid=26823999&fm=most_popular|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224232917/https://www.ksl.com/index.php?nid=1016&sid=26823999&fm=most_popular|archive-date=2018-02-24|access-date=2018-02-24|work=ksl.com}}</ref> and on appeal to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|Second Circuit]];<ref>{{Cite news|last=Volokh|first=Eugene|date=2014-05-28|title="In God We Trust" on currency doesn't violate the First Amendment or the Religious Freedom Restoration Act|work=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/05/28/in-god-we-trust-on-currency-doesnt-violate-the-first-amendment-or-the-religious-freedom-restoration-act/|access-date=2021-06-01}}</ref> yet another one, filed in Ohio in 2016, was dismissed by the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio|U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio]] and the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|Sixth Circuit]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Doe Child #1 v. Congress of the United States, No. 16-4345 (6th Cir. 2018)|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca6/16-4345/16-4345-2018-05-29.html|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Justia Law|language=en}}</ref> The same happened with the lawsuit in the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit|Eighth Circuit]], which was unrelated to Newdow's efforts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jr|first=David L. Hudson|title=8th Circuit: "In God We Trust" on money is constitutional|url=https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/post/177/8th-circuit-in-god-we-trust-on-money-is-constitutional|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=[[Middle Tennessee State University]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Stempel|first=Jonathan|date=2018-08-28|title=U.S. court rejects atheists' appeal over 'In God We Trust' on money|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-religion-motto-idUSKCN1LD24K|access-date=2021-06-01}}</ref>
 
In 2015, New Jersey state judge [[David F. Bauman]] dismissed a case against the [[Matawan-Aberdeen Regional School District]] brought by a student of the district and the [[American Humanist Association]] that argued that the phrase "under God" in the [[Pledge of Allegiance (United States)|Pledge of Allegiance]] created a climate of discrimination because it promoted religion, making non-believers "second-class citizens".<ref>{{cite web|author=Salvador Rizzo|title=Hearing 'Under God' in Pledge of Allegiance does not violate rights of atheist students, NJ judge rules|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/hearing-under-god-in-pledge-of-allegiance-does-not-violate-rights-of-atheist-students-nj-judge-rules-1.1332137|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310061721/http://www.northjersey.com/news/hearing-under-god-in-pledge-of-allegiance-does-not-violate-rights-of-atheist-students-nj-judge-rules-1.1332137|archive-date=2016-03-10|access-date=2016-02-29|work=NorthJersey.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2015-02-07|title=Judge Refuses To Kick God Out Of Public Schools|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maureensullivan/2015/02/07/judge-refuses-to-kick-god-out-of-public-schools/#11e06914435f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229082828/http://www.forbes.com/sites/maureensullivan/2015/02/07/judge-refuses-to-kick-god-out-of-public-schools/#11e06914435f|archive-date=2016-02-29|access-date=2016-02-29|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> He noted that "as a matter of historical tradition, the words 'under God' can no more be expunged from the national consciousness than the words 'In God We Trust' from every coin in the land, than the words 'so help me God' from every presidential oath since 1789, or than the prayer that has opened every congressional session of legislative business since 1787."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-04|title=AMERICAN HUMANIST ASSOCIATION v. 176|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/nj-superior-court/1700792.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Findlaw|language=en-US}}</ref>
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/In_God_We_Trust"