Marco Polo: Perbedaan antara revisi

Selain Stephen G. Haw, sejumlah sarjana lain pun sudah mengemukakan pendapat yang mendukung pandangan bahwa Marco Polo pernah berkunjung ke Tiongkok sebagai tanggapan terhadap buku Frances Wood.<ref>[https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/41883/1/Marcopolo.html A counter-argument from Dr Igor de Rachewiltz at The Australian National University]</ref> Buku Frances Wood menuai kritik dari berbagai pihak, antara lain [[Igor de Rachewiltz]] (penerjemah dan anotator ''[[The Secret History of the Mongols]]'') dan Morris Rossabi (penulis ''Kublai Khan: his life and times'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pop/polo/mp_essay.htm|title=Mongols in World History &#124; Asia for Educators|website=afe.easia.columbia.edu}}</ref> Sejarawan [[David Morgan (sejarawan)|David Morgan]] menunjukkan kekeliruan-kekeliruan mendasar di dalam buku Frances Wood semisal mencampuradukkan [[dinasti Liao|kulawangsa Liao]] dengan [[dinasti Jin (1115–1234)|kulawangsa Jin]]. David Morgan juga tidak mendapati bukti kuat di dalam buku tersebut yang mampu membuatnya yakin kalau Marco Polo tidak pernah berkunjung ke Tiongkok.<ref name="Morgan, D page 224">{{cite journal |jstor=25183182|author= Morgan, D. O. |title=Marco Polo in China-Or Not" 221–225 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society|volume = 6|issue= 2 |date=July 1996 |page= 224|doi= 10.1017/S1356186300007203 }}</ref> Stephen G. Haw juga mengemukakan di dalam bukunya, ''Marco Polo's China'', bahwa uraian Marco jauh lebih tepat dan akurat daripada yang kerap disangka orang, dan tampaknya sangat mustahil Marco mendapatkan semua informasi di dalam bukunya dari sumber-sumber tangan kedua.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.routledge.com/Marco-Polos-China-A-Venetian-in-the-Realm-of-Khubilai-Khan/Haw/p/book/9780415546003|title=Marco Polo's China: A Venetian in the Realm of Khubilai Khan|website=CRC Press}}</ref> Stephen G. Haw mengkritik pula pendekatan yang dipakai Frances Wood, yakni mencari-cari keterangan tentang Marco Polo di dalam karya-karya tulis Tionghoa dengan berpendirian bahwa orang-orang Eropa pada masa hidup Marco tidak begitu mementingkan pemakaian [[marga|nama marga]], dan bahwasanya [[alih aksara]] nama "Marco" secara langsung ke dalam aksara Tionghoa merupakan pengabaian terhadap kemungkinan bahwa Marco pernah memakai [[nama Tionghoa]] atau bahkan [[nama Mongolia|nama Mongol]] yang tidak memiliki kaitan makna maupun kemiripan bunyi dengan [[nama Kristen|nama Latin]]nya.<ref>Stephen G. Haw (2006), ''Marco Polo's China: a Venetian in the Realm of Kublai Khan'', London and New York: Routledge, hlm. 173, {{ISBN|0-415-34850-1}}.</ref><!--

 

 

Reviewing Haw's book, [[Peter Jackson (historian)|Peter Jackson]] (author of ''The Mongols and the West'') has said that Haw "must surely now have settled the controversy surrounding the historicity of Polo's visit to China".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/stephen-g-haw-marco-polos-china-a-venetian-in-the-realm-of-khubilai-khan-routledge-studies-in-the-early-history-of-asia-vii-214-pp-london-and-new-york-routledge-2006-65-isbn-0-415-34850-1/E665C99EC913CE7D1AC8AF6128478182|title=Stephen G. Haw: Marco Polo's China. A Venetian in the Realm of Khubilai Khan. (Routledge Studies in the Early History of Asia.) vii, 214 pp. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. £65. ISBN 0 415 34850 1.|first=Peter|last=Jackson|date=June 13, 2007|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|volume=70|issue=2|pages=438–440|via=Cambridge Core|doi=10.1017/S0041977X07000651}}</ref> Igor de Rachewiltz's review, which refutes Wood's points, concludes with a strongly-worded condemnation: "I regret to say that F. W.'s book falls short of the standard of scholarship that one would expect in a work of this kind. Her book can only be described as deceptive, both in relation to the author and to the public at large. Questions are posted that, in the majority of cases, have already been answered satisfactorily ... her attempt is unprofessional; she is poorly equipped in the basic tools of the trade, i.e., adequate linguistic competence and research methodology ... and her major arguments cannot withstand close scrutiny. Her conclusion fails to consider all the evidence supporting Marco Polo's credibility."<ref>Igor de Rachewiltz, "Marco Polo Went to China," ''Zentralasiatische Studien'' 27 (1997), pp. 34–92.</ref>