Konvensi Minamata mengenai Raksa: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Merkuri]] dan senyawa merkuri telah diketahu memiliki dampak berbahaya bagi manusia dan organisme lainnya. Krisis kesehatan masyarakat umum yang diakibatkan oleh keracunan merkuri, seperti [[penyakit Minamata]] dan [[penyakit Niigata Minamata]], telah membawa masalah ini ke permukaan. Pada tahun 1972, perwakilan dari [[Konferensi Stockholm]] mengenai Lingkungan Manusia menyaksikan seorang siswa Jepang, Shinobu Sakamoto, cacat akibat keracunan metilmerkuri sejak dalam kandungan. [[United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP) didirikan segera setelah itu.<ref>{{cite news|last = Tanaka|first = Hisatoshi|coauthors = |title = Minamata disease sufferer pins hope on mercury ban treaty|newspaper = The Asahi Shimbun|location = Tokyo, Japan|pages = |language = English|publisher = The Asahi Shimbun Company|date = 9 October 2013|url = http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/AJ201310090066|accessdate = 10 October 2013|archive-date = 2015-06-10|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150610220054/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/AJ201310090066|dead-url = yes}}</ref>
Pada 20 Februari 2009, Konsul Pemerintahan ke 25 UNEP menghasilkan keputusan untuk memulai langkah internasional untuk mengelola merkuri secara efektif, efisien, dan koheren.<ref>{{cite web | title = Mandate | publisher = United Nations Environment Programme | url = http://www.unep.org/hazardoussubstances/Mercury/Negotiations/Mandates/tabid/3321/Default.aspx | accessdate = 10 October 2013 | archive-date = 2013-10-10 | archive-url = https://archive.is/20131010044024/http://www.unep.org/hazardoussubstances/Mercury/Negotiations/Mandates/tabid/3321/Default.aspx | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Komite Negosiasi Antar Pemerintah (INC) didirikan dan dipimpin oleh Fernando Lugris dari Uruguay dan didukung oleh Cabang Kimia dan Divisi Teknologi, Industri, dan Ekonomi UNEP. INC telah mendirikan lima pertemuan untuk mendiskusikan dan menegosiasikan persetujuan global mengenai merkuri:
* INC 1, 7 - 11 Juni 2010, di [[Stockholm]], [[Swedia]]<ref>{{cite web |title = INC1 | publisher = United Nations Enviroment Programme | url = http://www.unep.org/hazardoussubstances/Mercury/Negotiations/INC/tabid/3324/language/en-US/Default.aspx | accessdate = 10 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=First Meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to Prepare a Global Legally Binding Instrument on Mercury | coauthors=Ashton, M., Kantai, T., Templeton, J., Xia, K. | publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development | url=http://www.iisd.ca/vol28/enb2806e.html | date=14 June 2010 | accessdate=10 October 2013 | archive-date=2013-02-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211133950/http://www.iisd.ca/vol28/enb2806e.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
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* INC 3, 31 Oktober - 4 November 2011, di [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] <ref>{{cite web |title = INC3 | publisher = United Nations Enviroment Programme | url = http://www.unep.org/hazardoussubstances/Mercury/Negotiations/INC3/tabid/3469/Default.aspx | accessdate = 10 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Summary of the Third Meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to Prepare a Global Legally Binding Instrument on Mercury | coauthors=Kantai, T., Templeton, J., Xia, K. | publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development | url=http://www.iisd.ca/vol28/enb2808e.html | date=7 November 2011 | accessdate=10 October 2013 | archive-date=2014-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827071803/http://www.iisd.ca/vol28/enb2808e.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* INC 4, 27 Juni - 2 Juli 2012, di [[Punta del Este]], [[Uruguay]] <ref>{{cite web |title = INC4 | publisher = United Nations Enviroment Programme | url = http://www.unep.org/hazardoussubstances/Mercury/Negotiations/INC4/tabid/3470/Default.aspx | accessdate = 10 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Summary of the Fourth Meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to Prepare a Global Legally Binding Instrument on Mercury | coauthors=Aguilar, S., Barrios, P., Kantai, T., Kohler, P., Templeton, J. | publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development | url=http://www.iisd.ca/vol28/enb2815e.html | date=6 July 2012 | accessdate=10 October 2013 | archive-date=2013-04-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420214405/http://www.iisd.ca/vol28/enb2815e.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* INC 5, 13 - 18 Januari 2013, di [[Geneva]], [[Swiss]] <ref>{{cite web | title = INC5 | publisher = United Nations Enviroment Programme | url = http://www.unep.org/hazardoussubstances/Mercury/Negotiations/INC5/tabid/3471/Default.aspx | accessdate = 10 October 2013 | archive-date = 2013-10-10 | archive-url = https://archive.is/20131010044053/http://www.unep.org/hazardoussubstances/Mercury/Negotiations/INC5/tabid/3471/Default.aspx | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Summary of the Fifth Meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to Prepare a Global Legally Binding Instrument on Mercury | coauthors=Kohler, P., Morgera, E., Ripley, K., Schabus, N., Tsioumani, E. | publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development | url=http://www.iisd.ca/vol28/enb2822e.html | date=21 January 2013 | accessdate=10 October 2013 | archive-date=2013-10-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022223211/http://www.iisd.ca/vol28/enb2822e.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Pada 19 Januari 2013, negosiasi menghasilkan 147 pemerintahan menyetujui draft teks konvensi.<ref>{{cite web | title=Minamata Convention Agreed by Nations |publisher = United Nations Environment Programme | url=http://www.unep.org/newscentre/default.aspx?DocumentID=2702&ArticleID=9373 | date=19 January 2013 | accessdate=10 October 2013}}</ref> Konvensi diadopsi dan dibuka untuk ditanda tangani pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2013 di Kumamoto, Jepang, yang didahului oleh pertemuan pendahuluan pada tanggal 7-8 Oktober 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=Diplomatic Conference for the Minamata Convention on Mercury | publisher=United Nations Environment Programme | url=http://www.unep.org/hazardoussubstances/MinamataConvention/DiplomaticConference/tabid/105832/Default.aspx | accessdate=10 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last = Aquino|first = Grace|coauthors =|title = Kumamoto launches Minamata Convention to regulate use of mercury|newspaper = Japan Daily Press|language = English|date = 8 October 2013|url = http://japandailypress.com/kumamoto-launches-minamata-convention-to-regulate-use-of-mercury-0837342/|accessdate = 10 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last = Aritake|first = Toshio|coauthors =|title = Global Convention on Phaseout of Mercury Set to Be Adopted in Japan in October|newspaper = Bloomberg/Bureau of National Affairs|language = English|date = 7 October 2013|url = http://www.bna.com/global-convention-phaseout-n17179877659/|accessdate = 10 October 2013}}</ref> 86 negara dan [[Uni Eropa]] telah menandatangani konvensi pada hari pertama.<ref>{{cite web | title=Minamata Diplomatic Conference Highlights | coauthors=DeFerranti, R., Kohler, P., Malan, A.S. | publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development | url=http://www.iisd.ca/vol28/enb2826e.html | date=10 October 2013 | accessdate=11 October 2013 | archive-date=2013-12-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208082549/http://www.iisd.ca/vol28/enb2826e.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
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