Krisis kepresidenan Venezuela: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 53:
=== Pemilihan Presiden 2018 ===
[[Berkas:UN_-_Venezuela_Continued_impunity_amid_dismal_human_rights_situation.webm|ka|jmpl|[[Zeid Raad Al Hussein]], seorang komisioner dari [[Kantor Komisaris Tinggi PBB untuk Hak Asasi Manusia]], berbicara mengenai Krisis Presidensial Venezuela (Juni 2018)]]
Pada bulan Februari 2018, Maduro menyerukan pemilihan presiden empat bulan sebelum tanggal yang ditentukan.<ref name="BBCweighs">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42984448|title=Venezuela opposition weighs election run|date=8 February 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref> Ia dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pada Mei 2018 setelah beberapa partai oposisi utama tidak diperbolehkan berpartisipasi. Selain itu, terdapat pula beberapa penyimpangan lainnya. Banyak yang menyatakan bahwa pemilihan itu tidak sah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/gobierno/anc-aprobo-decreto-para-validacion-los-partidos-politicos_216253|title=ANC aprobó un decreto para la validación de los partidos políticos|date=20 December 2017|website=El Nacional}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46805683|title=Por qué es polémico que Maduro jure como presidente de Venezuela y por qué lo hace ahora si las elecciones fueron en mayo|last=Olmo (@BBCgolmo)|first=Guillermo D.|date=10 January 2019|work=BBC News Mundo|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/maduro-gana-con-la-abstencion-historica-mas-alta-en-comicios-presidenciales/|title=Maduro gana con la abstención histórica más alta en comicios presidenciales - Efecto Cocuyo|website=efectococuyo.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221101748/http://efectococuyo.com/politica/maduro-gana-con-la-abstencion-historica-mas-alta-en-comicios-presidenciales/|archive-date=21 December 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42304594|title=Venezuela opposition banned from running in 2018 election|date=11 December 2017|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Berpasangan dengan seorang yang memandang kepemimpinan Maduro sebagai kediktatoran yang tidak efektif,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/venezuelas-odd-transition-dictatorship|title=Venezuela's Odd Transition to Dictatorship|last=Corrales|first=Javier|website=[[Americas Quarterly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220103221/http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/venezuelas-odd-transition-dictatorship|archive-date=20 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/21/venezuela-president-maduro-recall-referendum|title=Venezuelans warn of 'dictatorship' after officials block bid to recall Maduro|last=Brodzinsky|first=Sibylla|date=21 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209230102/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/21/venezuela-president-maduro-recall-referendum|archive-date=9 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2016/08/23/almagro-maduro-se-transforma-en-dictador-por-negarle-a-venezolanos-derecho-a-decidir-su-futuro/#0|title=Almagro: Maduro se transforma en dictador por negarles a venezolanos derecho a decidir su futuro|date=24 August 2016|work=[[CNN en Español]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135042/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2016/08/23/almagro-maduro-se-transforma-en-dictador-por-negarle-a-venezolanos-derecho-a-decidir-su-futuro/|archive-date=20 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref> para politisi dari dalam maupun luar negeri menyatakan bahwa Maduro tidak dipilih secara sah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/venezuela-s-sham-election|title=Venezuela's Sham Election|last=Sen|first=Ashish Kumar|website=Atlantic Council|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118135833/http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/venezuela-s-sham-election|archive-date=18 November 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Dalam bulan-bulan menjelang pelantikannya pada 10 Januari 2019, Maduro ditekan untuk mundur oleh negara-negara dan badan-badan termasuk ''Kelompok Lima'' (selain Meksiko), Amerika Serikat, dan [[Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika|OAS]] (Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika). Tekanan ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan dilantiknya anggota Majelis Nasional Venezuela yang baru pada tanggal 5 Januari 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/401e52a0-1405-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e|title=Venezuela Swears in an illegitimate President|last=|first=|date=|website=Financial Times|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/10/world/americas/venezuela-maduro-inauguration.html|title=Venezuela Is in Crisis. So How Did Maduro Secure a Second Term?|last=Herrero|first=Ana Vanessa|date=10 January 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|last2=Specia|first2=Megan|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111012015/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/10/world/americas/venezuela-maduro-inauguration.html|archive-date=11 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/peru-paraguay-recall-diplomats-maduro-inauguration-190110180310100.html|title=Peru, Paraguay recall diplomats over Maduro inauguration {{!}} Venezuela News|website=Aljazeera.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110232447/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/peru-paraguay-recall-diplomats-maduro-inauguration-190110180310100.html|archive-date=10 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Maduro menolak Majelis Nasional pada tahun 2017;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46821653|title=Venezuela's Maduro begins second term|date=10 January 2019|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110231014/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46821653|archive-date=10 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> yang disebut sebagai "satu-satunya lembaga yang dipilih secara demokratis yang tersisa di negara ini".{{Efn|Sources directly claiming that the National Assembly is the "only democratically elected" or "only legitimate" political body in Venezuela include: ''[[Financial Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/839b90f8-15d4-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e|title=Venezuela's opposition vows to help end Maduro's rule|last=Long|first=Gideon|date=13 January 2019|website=[[Financial Times]]|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=15 January 2019|quote=... the National Assembly is the only democratically elected institution left in the country ...}}</ref> ''[[The Telegraph]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/01/26/spain-germany-france-give-venezuelas-maduro-eight-days-call|title=US demands world stands with 'forces of freedom' in Venezuela|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> the [[BBC]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47009301|title=Venezuela crisis: Guaido rejects talks with Maduro|website=BBC News|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/russia-china-block-us-push-for-u-n-to-back-venezuelas-juan-guaido/articleshow/67703648.cms|title=Russia, China block US push for UN to back Venezuela's Juan Guaidó|website=Economic Times|accessdate=31 January 2019|archive-date=2019-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201120043/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/russia-china-block-us-push-for-u-n-to-back-venezuelas-juan-guaido/articleshow/67703648.cms|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[CTV Television Network|CTV]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/freeland-says-venezuela-s-maduro-regime-is-now-fully-entrenched-as-a-dictatorship-1.4248589|title=Freeland says Venezuela's Maduro regime is now fully entrenched as a dictatorship|website=CTV|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> ''[[Business Times (China)|Business Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.businesstimes.cn/articles/107088/20190129/russia-china-greece-supports-maduro-regime.htm|title=Russia, China, Greece supports Maduro regime|website=Business Times|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> [[Reuters]] agency,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/world/reuters-us-pushes-un-security-council-to-back-venezuelas-guaido.html|title=Reuters: US pushes UN Security Council to back Venezuela's Guaidó|website=Kyiv Post|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/singh-ndp-liberals-venezuela-1.4991913|title=Singh calls on Trudeau to part ways with US, Brazil on Venezuela crisis|website=CBC News|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> etc.}}
=== Seruan untuk membentuk pemerintahan transisi ===
Baris 181:
# {{flag|France}}<ref name=Europe/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/EmmanuelMacron/status/1092359993741983745|title=Les Vénézuéliens ont le droit de s’exprimer librement et démocratiquement. La France reconnaît @jguaido comme " président en charge " pour mettre en œuvre un processus électoral. Nous soutenons le Groupe de contact, créé avec l’UE, dans cette période de transition.|first=Emmanuel|last=Macron|language=French|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>
# {{flag|Georgia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Mamuka Bakhtadze: Georgia recognizes Juan Guaido as Interim President of Venezuela and supports courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy |url=https://1tv.ge/en/news/mamuka-bakhtadze-georgia-recognizes-juan-guaido-as-interim-president-of-venezuela-and-supports-the-courageous-people-of-venezuela-in-their-fight-for-democracy/ |access-date=24 January 2019 |work=1TV |date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BakhtadzeMamuka/status/1088388084360712193|title=🇬🇪 recognizes @jguaido as Interim President of #Venezuela. We express hope that @AsambleaVE will establish a transitional government, prepare free & fair elections & ensure peaceful transition of power. 🇬🇪 supports the courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy.|first=Mamuka|last=Bakhtadze|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=24 January 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Germany}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany Recognises Guaido as Legitimate Interim President of Venezuela |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/02/04/world/europe/04reuters-venezuela-politics-germany.html |access-date=4 February 2019 |work=NY Times |date=4 February 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204175941/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/02/04/world/europe/04reuters-venezuela-politics-germany.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/RegSprecher/status/1092381309715009537|title=Kanzlerin #Merkel zu #Venezuela: Juan #Guaidó ist aus deutscher Sicht der legitime Interimspräsident für die Aufgabe, einen Wahlprozess zu initiieren. Wir hoffen, dass sich dieser Prozess möglichst kurz und friedlich gestaltet.|first=Steffen|last=Seibert|language=German|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>
# {{flag|Guatemala}}<ref name=OAS16/>
# {{flag|Haiti}}<ref name=OAS16/>
# {{flag|Honduras}}<ref name=OAS16/>
# {{flag|Hungary}}<ref name=Poland>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/PolandMFA/status/1092474853297438720|title=Joint declaration on #Venezuela|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/hungary-supports-the-spanish-position-on-venezuela|title=Hungary supports the Spanish People’s Party’s position with relation to Venezuela|website=Website of the Hungarian Government|date=31 January 2019|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=2020-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811184157/https://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/hungary-supports-the-spanish-position-on-venezuela|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
# {{flag|Iceland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/GudlaugurThor/status/1092497534415704065|title=Iceland supports @jguaido as the Interim President of Venezuela. Free and fair elections should now be called and the will of the people respected.|first=Guðlaugur|last=Þór|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Ireland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/dfatirl/status/1093137213381054464|title=Tánaiste @simoncoveney announces Ireland's support for Mr. Juan Guaidó. Full statement available at..|author=Irish Foreign Ministry|date=6 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref>
Baris 208:
# {{flag|Spain}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/sanchezcastejon/status/1092349110617849856|title=Reconozco como presidente encargado de Venezuela a @jguaido, con un horizonte claro: la convocatoria de elecciones presidenciales libres, democráticas, con garantías y sin exclusiones. No daré ni un paso atrás. Por la libertad, la democracia y la concordia en #Venezuela|first=Pedro|last=Sanchez|language=Spanish|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Sweden}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/margotwallstrom/status/1092425826488983552|title=Sweden supports and acknowledges Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela, in accordance with the country’s constitution, free and fair elections should now be called.|first=Margot|last=Wallstroem|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|Ukraine}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Відповідь Речниці МЗС України Катерини Зеленко для ЗМІ щодо політичної кризи у Венесуелі |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/ua/press-center/briefing/1317-vidpovidy-rechnici-mzs-ukrajini-katerini-zelenko-dlya-zmi-shhodo-politichnoji-krizi-u-venesujeli |accessdate=4 February 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072227/https://mfa.gov.ua/ua/press-center/briefing/1317-vidpovidy-rechnici-mzs-ukrajini-katerini-zelenko-dlya-zmi-shhodo-politichnoji-krizi-u-venesujeli |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MFA: Ukraine backs Venezuelan opposition leader |url=https://www.unian.info/politics/10433733-mfa-ukraine-backs-venezuelan-opposition-leader.html |accessdate=4 February 2019 |work=www.unian.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/world/wall-street-journal-juan-guaido-recognized-as-venezuelas-president-by-major-eu-countries.html
|title=Wall Street Journal: Juan Guaidó recognized as Venezuela’s president by major EU countries |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=4 February 2019 |publisher=Wall Street Journal |via=[[Kyiv Post]] |accessdate=4 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Jeremy_Hunt/status/1092349500688158720|title=Nicolas Maduro has not called Presidential elections within 8 day limit we have set. So UK alongside European allies now recognises @jguaido as interim constitutional president until credible elections can be held. Let’s hope this takes us closer to ending humanitarian crisis|first=Jeremy|last=Hunt|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>
Baris 264:
# {{flag|Ivory Coast}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://africatimes.com/2019/01/27/un-security-councils-african-members-support-venezuelas-maduro/|title=UN Security Council’s African members support Venezuela’s Maduro|date=27 January 2019|website=Africa Times}}</ref>
# {{flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2773857|title=Kuwait urges dialogue to end political standoff in Venezuela|date=27 January 2019|website=Kuwait News Agency|access-date=}}</ref>
# {{flag|Mexico}}<ref name="The Straits Times">{{cite web |title=Maduro v Guaido: Who is backing whom amid crisis in Venezuela |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/americas/maduro-vs-guaido-who-is-backing-whom-amid-crisis-in-venezuela |website=The Straits Times |accessdate=5 February 2019 |date=28 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.startribune.com/the-latest-venezuela-diplomat-in-miami-backs-challenger/504977872/ |
# {{flag|Nepal}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Press release on recent political developments in Venezuela - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA |url=https://mofa.gov.np/11789-2/ |publisher=Government of Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=1 February 2019}}</ref>
# {{flag|New Zealand}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Eleanor Ainge |title=Venezuela crisis: New Zealand refuses to back Guaidó as interim president |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/29/venezuela-crisis-new-zealand-guaido-interim-president?CMP=twt_gu |accessdate=29 January 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=29 January 2019}}</ref>
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