Pelemparan asam: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Pelemparan asam''', yang juga disebut '''serangan asam''',<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8576279.stm | work=BBC News | title=Cambodian victim on her acid attack | date=2010-03-21 | accessdate=2010-04-23 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325022243/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8576279.stm | archivedate=2010-03-25 | deadurl=no }}</ref>,'''serangan vitriol''', '''vitriolage''', atau '''serangan air keras''', adalah sebuah bentuk dari [[serangan]] [[kekerasan]]<ref name=Karmakar>{{Cite book | author=Karmakar, R.N. | title=Forensic Medicine and Toxicology | year=2003 | publisher=Academic Publishers | isbn=81-87504-69-2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2011/11/afghan-sisters-hurt-acid-attack-rejected-proposal.html|title=World Now|publisher=|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-03-19/news/gl-5793_1_father-and-son|title=Man Who Threw Acid at Woman Blames 2 Others|work=latimes|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref> yang didefinisikan sebagai tindakan melempar [[asam]] atau [[bahan korosif]] serupa terhadap tubuh orang lain "dengan tujuan menyakiti, melukai, menyiksa atau membunuh".<ref name=11a>{{cite web|title=Breaking the Silence: Addressing Acid Attacks in Cambodia|publisher=Cambodian Acid Survivors Charity|accessdate=6 March 2013 |url=http://www.cambodianacidsurvivorscharity.org/docs/breaking_the_silence.pdf|pages=1–51|date=May 2010|archive-date=2013-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219010314/http://www.cambodianacidsurvivorscharity.org/docs/breaking_the_silence.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Para pelaku serangan tersebut melempar asam ke korban mereka, biasanya ke wajah mereka, membakar mereka, merusak kulit, sering kali meledakkan dan terkadang mengenai tulang.<ref name=Swanson>{{Cite news | last = Swanson | first = Jordan | year = 2002 | title = Acid attacks: Bangladesh’s efforts to stop the violence. | periodical = Harvard Health Policy Review | pages = 1–4 | number = 1 | volume = 3 | url = http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~epihc/currentissue/spring2002/swanson.php | accessdate =2008-06-18 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> Jenis paling umum dari asam yang digunakan dalam serangan tersebut adalah [[asam sulfurik]] dan [[asam nitrik]]. [[Asam hidroklorik]] terkadang digunakan, namun kurang mencederai.<ref name="13a">{{cite web|url=http://cgi.unc.edu/uploads/media_items/it-was-like-burning-in-hell-a-comparative-exploration-of-acid-attack-violence.original.pdf|title="It was like a burning hell": A Comparative Exploration of Acid Attack Violence|last=Welsh|first=Jane|date=|year=2009|website=|publisher=[[Center for Global Initiatives]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123191359/http://cgi.unc.edu/uploads/media_items/it-was-like-burning-in-hell-a-comparative-exploration-of-acid-attack-violence.original.pdf|archive-date=2013-01-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> Akibat jangka panjang dari serangan tersebut meliputi [[kebutaan]] serta [[luka]] permanen pada wajah dan tubuh,<ref name=Bandyopadhyay_Khan/><ref name=CNN>{{cite news | title = CNN.com - Bangladesh combats an acid onslaught against women - November 11, 2000| url =http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/south/11/11/bangladesh.acid.ap/index.html| accessdate =2008-03-13 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922210725/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/south/11/11/bangladesh.acid.ap/index.html |archivedate = September 22, 2007}}</ref><ref name=Bahl_Syed>{{Cite book |author1=Bahl, Taru |author2=M.H. Syed | title=Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World | year=2004 | publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD | isbn=978-81-261-1419-1 }}</ref> disertai dengan kesulitan ekonomi, psikologi, dan sosial.<ref name=11a />

Saat ini, serangan asam dikabarkan di beberapa bagian di dunia. Sejak 1990an, [[Bangladesh]] telah mengambarkan jumlah tertinggi dari serangan tersebut dan tingkat kejadian tertinggi untuk wanita,<ref>Taylor, L. M. (2000). Saving Face: Acid Attack Laws After the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Ga. Journal Int'l & Comp. Law, 29, pp 395-419</ref><ref name=3a/> dengan 3,512 orang Bangladesh diserang memakai asam antara 1999 dan 2013.<ref>[http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/CSW/59/National_reviews/Bangladesh_annexes_Beijing20.pdf Acid Attack Trend (1999-2013)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126114550/https://www.unwomen.org/en/page-not-found |date=2020-01-26 }} UN Women, United Nations (2014)</ref> Meskipun serangan asam terjadi di seluruh dunia, jenis kekerasan ini paling umum di [[Asia Selatan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/01/11/acid.attack.fact/|title=Q&A: Acid attacks around the world|publisher=|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref>