Identitas gender: Perbedaan antara revisi

Beberapa penelitan telah menyelidiki mengenai ada atau tidaknya kaitan antara kondisi biologi terhadap identitas [[transgender]] atau [[transseksual]] sebagai [[sakit jiwa]] sampai lahir.<ref>{{cite journal|first=E. |last=Vilain |title=Genetics of Intersexuality |journal=[[Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy]] |volume=10 |issue=2 |year=2006 |pages=9–26 |doi=10.1300/J236v10n02_02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=A. |last=Fleming |first2=E. |last2=Vilain |title=The endless quest for sex determination genes |journal=[[Clinical Genetics]] |volume=67 |issue=1 |year=2005 |pages=15–25 |doi=10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00376.x}}</ref> Beberapa telah menunjukkan bahwa struktur otak pada individu transseksual berbeda dari seks yang telah ditunjuk kepadanya dan lebih serupa dengan seks yang mereka pilih.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Gizewski | first1 = E. R. | last2 = Krause | first2 = E. | last3 = Schlamann | first3 = M. | last4 = Happich | first4 = F. | last5 = Ladd | first5 = M. E. | last6 = Forsting | first6 = M. | last7 = Senf | first7 = W. | year = 2009 | title = Specific cerebral activation due to visual erotic stimuli in male-to-female transsexuals compared with male and female controls: An fMRI study | journal = Journal of Sexual Medicine | volume = 6 | issue = | pages = 440–448 | doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00981.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Savic | first1 = I. | last2 = Arver | first2 = S. | year = 2011 | title = Sex dimorphism of the brain in male-to-female transsexuals | journal = Cerebral Cortex | volume = 21| issue = | pages = 2525–2533| doi = 10.1093/cercor/bhr032}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rametti | first1 = G. | last2 = Carrillo | first2 = B. | last3 = Gómez-Gil | first3 = E. | last4 = Junque | first4 = C. | last5 = Zubiarre-Elorza | first5 = L. | last6 = Segovia | first6 = S. | last7 = Gomez | first7 = Á | last8 = Guillamon | first8 = A. | year = 2011 | title = White matter microstructure in female to male transsexuals before cross-sex hormonal treatment. A diffusion tensor imaging study | journal = Journal of Psychiatric Research | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–204 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.006 | pmid=20562024}}</ref> Bagian dari otak yang disebut BNST di [[stria terminalis]] dari wanita trans serupa dengan yang ditemukan pada wanita [[cisgender]] ketimbang dengan pria trans.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Zhou | first1 = J. N. | last2 = Hofman | first2 = M. A. | last3 = Gooren | first3 = L. J. | last4 = Swaab | first4 = D. F. | year = 1995 | title = A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality | journal = [[Nature (jurnal)|Nature]] | volume = 378 | issue = 6552| pages = 68–70 | doi=10.1038/378068a0 | pmid=7477289}}</ref> [[Biologi dan orientasi seksual|Perbedaan struktur otak]] yang serupa juga disebutkan untuk pria gay dengan pria heteroseksual dan wanita lesbian dengan wanita heteroseksual.<ref name="LeVay 1991">{{Cite journal|author=LeVay |first=S. |title=A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men |journal=Science |volume=253 |issue=5023 |pages=1034–1037 |year=1991 |pmid=1887219 |doi=10.1126/science.1887219}}</ref><ref name="Byne 2001">{{Cite journal |last=Byne |first=W. |last2=Tobet |first2=S. |last3=Mattiace |first3=L. A. |last4=et al. |title=The interstitial nuclei of the human anterior hypothalamus: an investigation of variation with sex, sexual orientation, and HIV status |journal=[[Hormones and Behavior]] |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=86–92 |year=2001 |pmid=11534967 |doi=10.1006/hbeh.2001.1680}}</ref> Sebuah penelitian lainnya menyebutkan bahwa transseksualitas dapat memiliki kaitan dengan kondisi genetik.<ref>{{cite journal|first=L. |last= Hare|first2=P. |last2=Bernard|first3=F. J. |last3=Sánchez|first4=P. N. |last4=Baird|first5=E. |last5=Vilain|first6=T. |last6=Kennedy|first7=V. R. |last7=Harley |title=Androgen Receptor Repeat Length Polymorphism Associated with Male-to-Female Transsexualism |journal=[[Biological Psychiatry]] |volume=65 |issue=1 |year=2009 |pages=93-96 |doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.033}}</ref>