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Actinopterygii: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Short description|Kelas ikan bertulang yang memiliki sirip berbentuk kipas}}
{{taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name=
| name = Ikan bersirip kipas
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range |SilurianPridoli|Recent|Silur Akhir| - Sekarang}}
| image = Herring2Actinopterygii-0001.jpg
| image_caption = [[Herring Atlantik]]
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| infraphylum = [[Gnathostomata]]
| superclassis = [[Osteichthyes]]
| classis = '''Actinopterygii'''
| classis_authority = Klein, 1885▼
| subdivision_ranks = Subkelas
| subdivision = {{Linked taxon list
|Actinopteri|<!--Kehilangan informasi otoritas-->
[[Chondrostei]]<br />
|Cladistia}}
[[Neopterygii]]}}
▲| classis_authority = [[Adolf von Klein|Klein]]<!--1805–1892-->, 1885
}}
 
'''Actinopterygii''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|k|t|ᵻ|n|ɒ|p|t|ə|ˈ|r|ɪ|dʒ|i|aɪ}}; {{etymology||{{wikt-lang|mul|actino-}}|memiliki kipas|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|πτέρυξ}}'' (ptérux)|sayap, sirip}}), yang anggotanya disebut sebagai '''ikan bersirip kipas''', adalah [[klad]] (secara tradisi diklasifikasikan sebagai [[Kelas (biologi)|kelas]] atau subkelas) [[Osteichthyes|ikan bertulang]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution |last=Kardong |first=Kenneth |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-07-802302-6 |location=New York |pages=99–100}}</ref> Mereka mencakup 50% dari [[spesies]] [[vertebrata]] yang masih hidup.<ref name="NelsonFoW">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Joseph S. |title=Fishes of the World |year=2016 |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6}}</ref>
'''Actinopterygii''' (bentuk jamaknya dari ''Actinopterygius'') merupakan [[Kelas (biologi)|kelas]] dalam [[taksonomi]] dari '''ikan bersirip kipas'''.
 
Actinopterygii mencakup banyak [[ikan]] yang dikenal awam sebagai ikan konsumsi maupun ikan hias/peliharaan. Secara evolusi, kelompok ini merupakan pengembangan lebih lanjut yang paling adaptif pada keadaan bumi pada masa kini. Sebagian besar jenis-jenis ikan yang hidup pada masa sekarang merupakan anggota kelompok ini.
Baris 23:
Daftar di bawah mengikuti [[Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes]]<ref>{{cite web | author = Betancur-R | title = Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3 | url = http://www.deepfin.org/Classification_v3.htm | date = 2014 | access-date = 2015-10-10 | archive-date = 2015-08-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150814062251/http://deepfin.org/Classification_v3.htm | dead-url = yes }}</ref> dengan catatan jika ini berbeda dari Nelson,<ref>{{cite book|last = Nelson|first = Joseph, S.|title = Fishes of the World|year = 2006|publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc|isbn = 0-471-25031-7 }}</ref> [[ITIS]]<ref>{{ITIS |id=161061 |taxon=Actinopterygii |accessdate=3 April 2006}}</ref> dan [[FishBase]].<ref>{{cite web | author = R. Froese and D. Pauly, editors | title = FishBase | url = http://www.fishbase.org |date=February 2006}}</ref>
 
* '''SubclassSubkelas [[Cladistii]]''' Pander 1860
** OrderOrdo †[[Guildayichthyiformes]] Lund 2000
** OrderOrdo [[Polypteriformes]] ([[bichir]]s and [[reedfish]]es)<ref>InDalam Nelson, [[Polypteriformes]] isditempatkan placeddalam insubkelasnya its own subclasssendiri [[Cladistia]].</ref>
* '''SubclassSubkelas [[Actinopteri]]''' Cope 1972
** OrderOrdo †[[Tarrasiiformes]]
** OrderOrdo †[[Cheirolepidiformes]]
** OrderOrdo †[[Paramblypteriformes]] Heyler 1969
** OrderOrdo †[[Rhadinichthyiformes]]
** OrderOrdo †[[Phanerorhynchiformes]]
** OrderOrdo †[[Luganoiiformes]] Lehman 1958
** OrderOrdo †[[Haplolepidiformes]]
** OrderOrdo †[[Ptycholepiformes]]
** OrderOrdo †[[Platysomiformes]]
** OrderOrdo †[[Palaeonisciformes]]
** OrderOrdo †[[Pholidopleuriformes]]
** OrderOrdo †[[Peltopleuriformes]]
** OrderOrdo †[[Perleidiformes]]
** '''Infra classkelas [[Chondrostei]]'''
*** OrderOrdo [[Acipenseriformes]] ([[sturgeon]]s and [[paddlefish]]es)
*** OrderOrdo †[[Saurichthyiformes]]
** '''Infra classkelas [[Neopterygii]]''' Regan 1923
*** OrderOrdo †[[Pachycormiformes]]
*** '''[[Holostei]]'''
**** OrderOrdo †[[Parasemionotiformes]] Lehman 1966
**** OrderOrdo †[[Ionoscopiformes]] Grande & Bemis 1998
**** OrderOrdo †[[Pycnodontiformes]] Berg 1937
**** OrderOrdo †[[Semionotiformes]] Arambourg & Bertin 1958
**** OrderOrdo [[Lepisosteiformes]] ([[gar]]s)
**** OrderOrdo [[Amiiformes]] ([[bowfin]]s)
*** '''[[Teleostei]]''' Müller 1844
**** [[Aspidorhynchiformes]]
Baris 58:
**** '''[[Teleocephala]]'''
***** '''Megacohort [[Elopocephalai]]''' Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Elopomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966)
****** OrderOrdo [[Elopiformes]] ([[ladyfish]]es anddan [[tarpon]])
****** OrderOrdo [[Albuliformes]] (bonefishes)
****** OrderOrdo [[Notacanthiformes]] ([[halosaurs]] anddan [[spiny eel]]s)
****** OrderOrdo [[Anguilliformes]] Regan 190 (true [[eelsidat]]s sejati)
***** '''Megacohort [[Osteoglossocephalai]]''' sensu Arratia 1999
****** '''Supercohort [[Osteoglossocephala]]''' sensu Arratia 1999 ([[Osteoglossomorpha]] Greenwood et al. 1966)
******* OrderOrdo †[[Ichthyodectiformes]] Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
******* OrderOrdo †[[Lycopteriformes]]
******* OrderOrdo [[Osteoglossiformes]] (bony-tongued fishes)
******* OrderOrdo [[Hiodontiformes]] ([[mooneye]] anddan [[goldeye]])
****** '''Supercohort [[Clupeocephala]]''' Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010
******* OrderOrdo †[[Crossognathiformes]] Taverne 1989
******* OrderOrdo †[[Tselfatiiformes]] Nelson 1994
******* '''Cohort [[Otomorpha]]''' ([[Otocephala]]; [[Ostarioclupeomorpha]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Clupei]]''' ([[Clupeomorpha]])
********* OrderOrdo †[[Ellimmyichthyiformes]] Grande 1982
********* OrderOrdo [[Clupeiformes]] ([[herring]]s anddan [[anchovy|anchoviesteri]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Alepocephali]]'''
********* OrderOrdo [[Alepocephaliformes]]
******** '''Subcohort [[Ostariophysi]]''' Sagemehl 1885
********* '''Section [[Anotophysa]]''' Rosen 1970
********** OrderOrdo [[Gonorynchiformes]] ([[milkfish]]es)
********* '''Section [[Otophysa]]''' Garstang 1931
********** OrderOrdo [[Cypriniformes]] ([[Barb (fish)|barbs]], [[carp]], [[daniosdanio]], [[goldfishikan mas]]es, [[Loach (fishikan)|loachesloach]], [[minnow]]s, [[rasbora]]s)
********** OrderOrdo [[Characiformes]] ([[characin]]s, [[pencilfishikan pensil]]es, [[Freshwater hatchetfish|hatchetfishes]], [[piranha]]s, [[tetra]]s, [[Golden dorado|dourado / golden (genus ''Salminus'')]] and [[Piaractus mesopotamicus|pacu]])
********** OrderOrdo [[Gymnotiformes]] ([[electricSidat eellistrik]]s anddan [[knifefish (disambiguation)|knifefishes]])
********** OrderOrdo [[Siluriformes]] ([[catfishlele]]es)
******* '''Cohort [[Euteleosteomorpha]]''' ([[Euteleostei]] Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996])
******** '''Subcohort [[Lepidogalaxii]]'''
********* [[Lepidogalaxiiformes]]
******** '''Subcohort [[Protacanthopterygii]]''' sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996
********* OrderOrdo [[Argentiniformes]] ([[barreleye]]s and [[slickhead]]s) (formerly in Osmeriformes)
********* OrderOrdo [[Galaxiiformes]]
********* OrderOrdo [[Salmoniformes]] ([[salmon]] anddan [[trout]])
********* OrderOrdo [[Esociformes]] ([[esox|pike]])
******** '''Subcohort [[Stomiati]]'''
********* OrderOrdo [[Osmeriformes]] ([[Smelt (fish)|smelts]])
********* OrderOrdo [[Stomiatiformes]] ([[bristlemouth]]s anddan [[marine hatchetfish]]es)
******** '''Subcohort [[Neoteleostei]]''' Nelson 1969
********* '''Infracohort [[Ateleopodia]]'''
********** OrderOrdo [[Ateleopodiformes]] ([[jellynose fish]])
********* '''Infracohort [[Eurypterygia]]''' Rosen 1973
********** '''Section [[Aulopa]]''' [Cyclosquamata]
*********** OrderOrdo [[Aulopiformes]] ([[Bombay duck]] anddan [[lancetfish]]es)
********** '''Section [[Ctenosquamata]]''' Rosen 1973
*********** '''Subsection [[Myctophata]]''' [Scopelomorpha]
************ OrderOrdo [[Myctophiformes]] ([[lanternfish]]es)
*********** '''Subsection [[Acanthomorphata]]'''
************ '''Division [[Lampridacea]]''' [Lampridiomorpha]
************* OrderOrdo [[Lampriformes]] ([[oarfish]], [[opah]] anddan [[ribbonfishes]])
************ '''Division [[Paracanthomorphacea]]''' sensu Grande et al. 2013 ([[Paracanthopterygii]] Greenwood 1937)
************* OrderOrdo [[Percopsiformes]] ([[Amblyopsidae|cavefishes]] anddan [[trout-perch]]es)
************* OrderOrdo †[[Sphenocephaliformes]]
************* OrderOrdo [[Zeiiformes]] ([[dorydori (fishikan)|doriesdori]])
************* OrderOrdo [[Stylephoriformes]]
************* OrderOrdo [[Gadiformes]] ([[codkod]]s)
************ '''DivisionDivisi [[Polymixiacea]]''' ([[Polymyxiomorpha]])
************* OrderOrdo †[[Pattersonichtyiformes]]
************* OrderOrdo †[[Ctenothrissiformes]]
************* OrderOrdo [[Polymixiiformes]] ([[beardfish]]es)
************ '''DivisionDivisi [[Euacanthomorphacea]]''' sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 ([[Acanthopterygii]] Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994)
************* '''SubdivisionSubdivisi [[Berycimorphaceae]]'''
************** OrderOrdo [[Beryciformes]] ([[fangtooth]]s and [[pineconefish]]es)
************* '''SubdivisionSubdivisi [[Holocentrimorphaceae]] ''' ([[Stephanoberyciformes]]; [[Cetomimiformes]])
************** OrderOrdo [[Holocentriformes]]
************* '''SubdivisionSubdivisi [[Percomorphaceae]]''' ([[Percomorpha]] sensu Miya et al. 2003; [[Acanthopteri]])
************** '''SeriesSeri [[Ophidiimopharia]]'''
*************** OrderOrdo [[Ophidiiformes]] ([[pearlfish]]es)
************** '''SeriesSeri [[Batrachoidimopharia]]'''
*************** OrderOrdo [[Batrachoidiformes]] ([[Batrachoididae|toadfishes]])
************** '''SeriesSeri [[Gobiomopharia]]'''
*************** OrderOrdo [[Kurtiformes]]
*************** OrderOrdo [[Gobiiformes]]
************** '''SeriesSeri [[Scombrimopharia]]'''
*************** OrderOrdo [[Syngnathiformes]] ([[SeahorseKuda (fish)|seahorseslaut]] anddan [[pipefish]]es<ref>InDalam Nelson anddan ITIS, [[Syngnathiformes]] isditempatkan placeddalam as the subordersubordo Syngnathoidei of thedari orderordo [[Gasterosteiformes]].</ref>)
*************** OrderOrdo [[Scombriformes]]
************** '''SeriesSeri [[Carangimopharia]]'''
*************** '''Sub SeriesSeri [[Anabantaria]]'''
**************** OrderOrdo [[Synbranchiformes]] ([[swamp eel]]s)
**************** OrderOrdo [[Anabantiformes]] ([[Labyrinthici]])
*************** '''Sub SeriesSeri [[Carangaria]]'''
**************** Carangaria incertae sedis
**************** OrderOrdo [[Istiophoriformes]]
**************** OrderOrdo [[Carangiformes]]
**************** OrderOrdo [[Pleuronectiformes]] ([[flatfish]]es)
*************** '''Sub SeriesSeri [[Ovalentaria]]''' sensu Smith & Near 2012 ([[Stiassnyiformes]] sensu Li et al. 2009)
**************** Ovalentaria incertae sedis
**************** OrderOrdo [[Pholidichthyiformes]]
**************** OrderOrdo [[Cichliformes]]
**************** OrderOrdo [[Atheriniformes]] ([[Silverside (fish)|silversides]] and [[rainbowfish]]es)
**************** OrderOrdo [[Cyprinodontiformes]] ([[live-bearing aquarium fish|livebearers]], [[killifish]]es)
**************** OrderOrdo [[Beloniformes]] ([[flyingfish]]es) [incl. Gobiesociformes<ref>InDalam ITIS, [[Gobiesociformes]] isditempatkan placeddalam as the subordersubordo Gobiesocoidei of thedari orderordo [[Perciformes]].</ref>]
**************** OrderOrdo [[Mugiliformes]] ([[mullet (fish)|mullets]])
**************** OrderOrdo [[Blenniiformes]]
************** '''SeriesSeri [[Eupercaria]]''' ([[Percomorpharia]])
*************** Eupercaria incertae sedis
*************** OrderOrdo [[Labriformes]]
*************** OrderOrdo [[Ephippiformes]]
*************** OrderOrdo [[Lobotiformes]]
*************** OrderOrdo [[Acanthuriformes]]
*************** OrderOrdo [[Chaetodontiformes]]
*************** OrderOrdo [[Spariformes]]
*************** OrderOrdo [[Lophiiformes]] ([[anglerfish]]es)
*************** OrderOrdo [[Tetraodontiformes]] ([[filefish]]es and [[pufferfish]])
*************** OrderOrdo [[Uranoscopiformes]] ([[Paratrachinoidei]] sensu Li et al. 2009)
*************** OrderOrdo [[Pempheriformes]]
*************** OrderOrdo [[Centrarchiformes]]
*************** OrderOrdo [[Perciformes]] (40% ofdari allsemua fishikan, includingtermasuk [[anabantidAnabantidae]]s, [[Centrarchidae|centrarchids]] (includingtermasuk [[bass (fishikan)|bass]] anddan sunfishmola-mola), [[cichlid]]s, [[gobiesgobi]], [[gouramigurami]]s, [[mackerelmakarel]], [[tuna]], [[perch]]es, [[Scatophagidae|scats]], [[whiting (fish)|whiting]], [[wrasseswrass]], [[bettacupang (ikan)|cupang]]s) (incl.termasuk [[Gasterosteiformes]]; [[Scorpaeniformes]])
 
==Referensi==
==Catatan==<!-- AnimalBiology58:23. MolecularPhylogeneticsAndEvolution46:224. -->
{{reflist}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
* {{Commons category|Actinopterygii-inline}}▼
{{wikispecies|Actinopterygii}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline}}
▲{{Commons category|Actinopterygii}}
* {{eol|1905}}
* [http://www.untamedscience.com/biodiversity/animals/chordates/ray-finned-fishes ''Actinopterygii'' at UntamedScience.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125140639/http://www.untamedscience.com/biodiversity/animals/chordates/ray-finned-fishes |date=2010-11-25 }}
* Jonna, R. (2004) [http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/52386062/actinopterygii.html Actinopterygii] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907074911/http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/52386062/actinopterygii.html |date=2013-09-07 }} ''Animal Diversity Web''. Updated 29 August 2006. Accessed 2 February 2013.
 
{{Actinopterygii| }}▼
{{Chordata}}
{{Evolution of fish}}
▲{{Actinopterygii| }}
{{Fins, limbs and wings}}
{{ikan-stub}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q127282}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Kategori:Actinopterygii| ]]
[[Kategori:OsteichthyesKelas ikan]]
[[Kategori:ChordataIkan bertulang dari periode Silur]]
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