Topi hitam: Perbedaan antara revisi

Asal istilah ini sering dikaitkan dengan teori [[budaya peretas]] [[Richard Stallman]] (meskipun dia menyangkal yang membuatnya)<ref name="Counterintuitive">{{Cite web|last=Laskow|first=Sarah|date=January 27, 2017|title=The Counterintuitive History of Black Hats, White Hats, And Villains|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-counterintuitive-history-of-black-hats-white-hats-and-villains|website=[[Atlas Obscura]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629024647/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-counterintuitive-history-of-black-hats-white-hats-and-villains|archive-date=June 29, 2018|access-date=June 29, 2018|quote=In early hacking circles, there was a whole separate term to refer to malicious hacking: those people were called crackers. Across the internet, Richard Stallman, who founded the GNU Project and Free Software Foundation, is often credited with coining the term 'black hat' hacker, but he says that’s not correct. 'I have never used terms 'X-hat hacker' because I reject the use of 'hacking' to refer to breaking security,' he says. Where did the term come from then? 'I don't know where,' he says.|url-status=live}}</ref> untuk membedakan peretas eksploitatif dengan peretas [[Peretas topi putih|topi putih]] yang meretas secara protektif dengan memperhatikan kerentanan dalam sistem komputer yang memerlukan perbaikan.<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Brien, Marakas|first=James, George|year=2011|title=Management Information Systems|location=New York, NY|publisher=McGraw-Hill/ Irwin|isbn=978-0-07-752217-9|pages=536–537}}</ref> Terminologi topi hitam/topi putih berasal dari [[Barat (genre)|genre Barat]] budaya populer Amerika, di mana [[Simbolisme topi hitam putih dalam film|topi hitam dan putih]] masing-masing menunjukkan koboi yang jahat dan heroik.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wilhelm|first=Thomas|last2=Andress|first2=Jason|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVnA8pQmS54C&pg=PA26|title=Ninja Hacking: Unconventional Penetration Testing Tactics and Techniques|publisher=Elsevier|pages=26–7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Varghese|first=Jinson|date=2021-07-19|title=What, Why, and How of Penetration Testing - A Complete Guide|url=https://www.getastra.com/blog/security-audit/penetration-testing/|website=www.getastra.com|language=en-US|access-date=2022-01-08}}</ref>