Pelarut: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Larutan dan pelarut adalah istilah yang jauh bebeda. Tidak layak dialihkan. |
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Baris 1:
{{periksaterjemahan|en|Solvent}}
'''Pelarut''' adalah benda cair atau gas yang melarutkan benda padat, cair atau gas, yang menghasilkan sebuah larutan.
Pelarut paling umum di gunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari adalah [[air]]. Pelarut lain yang juga umum digunakan adalah bahan kimia organik (mengandung [[karbon]]) yang juga disebut '''pelarut organik'''. Pelarut biasanya memiliki titik didih rendah dan lebih mudah menguap, meninggalkan substansi terlarut yang didapatkan.
== Tabel sifat-sifat pelarut umum ==
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
! align="center" | Solvent
! align="center" | [[Rumus kimia]]
! align="center" | [[Titik didih]]
! align="center" | [[Dielectric constant]]
! align="center" | [[Massa jenis]]<!-- ### Non-Polar Solvents ### -->
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''Pelarut [[nonpolar|Non-Polar]]'''
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[Heksana]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 69 °C
| align="center" | 2.0
| align="center" | 0.655 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[Benzena]]
| align="center" | C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
| align="center" | 80 °C
| align="center" | 2.3
| align="center" | 0.879 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[Toluena]]
| align="center" | C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 111 °C
| align="center" | 2.4
| align="center" | 0.867 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[Diethyl ether]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 35 °C
| align="center" | 4.3
| align="center" | 0.713 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[Kloroform]]
| align="center" | CHCl<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 61 °C
| align="center" | 4.8
| align="center" | '''1.498 g/ml'''
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[Etil asetat]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-C(=O)-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 77 °C
| align="center" | 6.0
| align="center" | 0.894 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''Pelarut [[Chemical polarity|Polar]] [[Aprotic]]'''
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[1,4-Dioxane]]
| align="center" | <u>/-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-\</u>
| align="center" | 101 °C
| align="center" | 2.3
| align="center" | '''1.033 g/ml'''
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[Tetrahydrofuran]] (THF)
| align="center" | <u>/-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-\</u>
| align="center" | 66 °C
| align="center" | 7.5
| align="center" | 0.886 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[Dichloromethane]] (DCM)
| align="center" | CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" | 40 °C
| align="center" | 9.1
| align="center" | '''1.326 g/ml''' <!-- ### Polar Aprotic Solvents ### -->
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[Acetone]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-C(=O)-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 56 °C
| align="center" | 21
| align="center" | 0.786 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[Acetonitrile]] (MeCN)
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-C≡N
| align="center" | 82 °C
| align="center" | 37
| align="center" | 0.786 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[Dimethylformamide]] (DMF)
| align="center" | H-C(=O)N(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" | 153 °C
| align="center" | 38
| align="center" | 0.944 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[Dimethyl sulfoxide]] (DMSO)
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-S(=O)-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 189 °C
| align="center" | 47
| align="center" | '''1.092 g/ml'''<!-- ### Polar Protic Solvents ### -->
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''Pelarut Polar [[Protic]]'''
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[Acetic acid]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-C(=O)OH
| align="center" | 118 °C
| align="center" | 6.2
| align="center" | '''1.049 g/ml'''
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[Butanol|''n''-Butanol]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-OH</sub>
| align="center" | 118 °C
| align="center" | 18
| align="center" | 0.810 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[Isopropanol]] (IPA)
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-CH(-OH)-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 82 °C
| align="center" | 18
| align="center" | 0.785 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[1-Propanol|''n''-Propanol]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-OH</sub>
| align="center" | 97 °C
| align="center" | 20
| align="center" | 0.803 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[Ethanol]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-OH</sub>
| align="center" | 79 °C
| align="center" | 30
| align="center" | 0.789 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[Methanol]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-OH
| align="center" | 65 °C
| align="center" | 33
| align="center" | 0.791 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[Formic acid]]
| align="center" | H-C(=O)OH
| align="center" | 100 °C
| align="center" | 58
| align="center" | '''1.21 g/ml'''
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[Air (molekul)|Air]]
| align="center" | H-O-H
| align="center" | 100 °C
| align="center" | 80
| align="center" | 1.000 g/ml</table>
<!-- Larutan dan pelarut adalah istilah yang jauh bebeda. Tidak layak dialihkan. -->
[[Kategori:Kimia]]
[[Kategori:Pelarut| ]]
[[ar:مذيب]]
[[bs:Otapalo]]
[[ca:Dissolvent]]
[[cs:Rozpouštědlo]]
[[da:Opløsningsmiddel]]
[[de:Lösungsmittel]]
[[et:Lahusti]]
[[es:Disolvente]]
[[eu:Disolbatzaile]]
[[fa:حلال (شیمی)]]
[[fr:Solvant]]
[[ko:용매]]
[[it:Solvente]]
[[he:תמיסה#הממס]]
[[lt:Tirpiklis]]
[[nl:Oplosmiddel]]
[[ja:溶媒]]
[[no:Løsemiddel]]
[[nn:Løysemiddel]]
[[pl:Rozpuszczalnik]]
[[pt:Solvente]]
[[ro:Diluanţi]]
[[ru:Растворители]]
[[simple:Solvent]]
[[sk:Rozpúšťadlo]]
[[sr:Растварач]]
[[fi:Liuotin]]
[[sv:Lösningsmedel]]
[[th:ตัวทำละลาย]]
[[vi:Dung môi]]
[[ur:محلّل]]
[[zh:溶剂]]
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