Kebakaran apartemen Kota New York 2022: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Pada pagi 9 Januari 2022, [[penghirupan asap|kepulan asap]] dari [[Kebakaran bangunan tinggi]] menewaskan 17 orang,<ref name="2022-01-10 USA Today">{{cite news |last1=Bacon |first1=John |last2=Miller |first2=Ryan W. |date=2022-01-10 |title=New York mayor revises death toll to 17 in Bronx apartment fire, calls tragedy 'unspeakable' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/01/10/bronx-new-york-city-fire-updates-space-heater-death-toll/9155061002/ |url-status=live |work=[[USA Today]] |language=en |location=[[New York City]] |issn=0734-7456 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111234835/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/01/10/bronx-new-york-city-fire-updates-space-heater-death-toll/9155061002/ |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref> termasuk 8 anak,<ref name="2022-01-09 WNYW">{{cite news |date=2022-01-09 |title=NYC fire: 17 dead in Bronx apartment fire including 8 children |url=https://www.fox5ny.com/news/nyc-fire-bronx-apartment-fire |url-status=live |language=en |location=[[New York City]] |publisher=[[WNYW]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112090632/https://www.fox5ny.com/news/nyc-fire-bronx-apartment-fire |archive-date=2022-01-12 |access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref> di [[Twin Parks (Kota New York)|Twin Parks North West, Site 4]], gedung apartemen [[bangunan tinggi|tinggi]] di [[Bronx]], [[Kota New York]], [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref name="slate">{{cite news|last=Grabar|first=Henry|date=2022-01-10|title=The Bronx Building That Burned Was Supposed to Be Affordable Housing Done Right|work=[[Slate.com]]|publisher=|url=https://slate.com/business/2022/01/bronx-building-fire-twin-parks-affordable-housing-icon.html|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-12|archive-url=
Kebakaran ini adalah kebakaran perumahan terburuk ketiga di Amerika Serikat sejak empat dasawarsa terakhir dan kebakaran paling mematikan di Kota New York sejak [[kebakaran Happy Land|kebakaran klub malam Happy Land]] pada tahun 1990 yang terjadi di dekatnya dan merenggut nyawa 87 orang.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ortiz|first=Jorge L.|title=US residential fires have declined over the decades. Bronx blaze is a reminder how dangerous they can be.|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/01/09/bronx-apartment-fire-united-states-history/9153811002/|access-date=January 10, 2022|website=USA Today}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last1=Southall|first1=Ashley|last2=Ashford|first2=Grace|last3=Marcius|first3=Chelsia Rose|date=January 10, 2022|title=19 Killed in New York City's Deadliest Fire in Decades|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/09/nyregion/nyc-bronx-fire.html|access-date=January 10, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gross|first=Jenny|date=January 10, 2022|title=The fire was the deadliest in New York City since 1990.|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/nyregion/happy-land-fire.html|access-date=January 10, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kebakaran ini juga menjadi kebakaran perumahan besar kedua di [[Amerika Serikat Timur Laut]] dalam masa satu minggu, ketika terjadi empat hari selepas [[kebakaran apartemen Philadelphia 2022|kebakaran di perumahan umum Philadelphia]] yang mengakibatkan 12 orang meninggal.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=CNN|first=Susannah Cullinane|title=Space heater blamed after 19 die in one of the worst fires in modern New York history|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/10/us/nyc-bronx-apartment-fire-monday/index.html|access-date=January 10, 2022|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Kasakove|first1=Sophie|last2=Bogel-Burroughs|first2=Nicholas|last3=Robles|first3=Frances|last4=Robertson|first4=Campbell|date=January 8, 2022|title=18 People, a Deadly Fire: For Some, Crowded Housing Is Not a Choice|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/08/us/philadelphia-fire-housing.html|access-date=January 10, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
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== Latar belakang ==
{{utama|Twin Parks}}
Twin Parks North West, Site 4, ialah bangunan tempat tinggal 19 lantai yang ditempati 120 apartemen.<ref name="Caspini">{{cite news |last1=Caspani |first1=Maria |title=NYC building space heater malfunction sparks fire that kills 19, including 9 children |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/new-york-city-apartment-building-fire-critically-injures-32-officials-2022-01-09/ |access-date=January 10, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 10, 2022}}</ref> Bangunan ini terletak di 333 East [[Daftar jalan bernomor di Manhattan|181st Street]] dekat Tiebout Avenue. Bangunan ini berada di tengah Bronx dan bagian dari segmen barat proyek pengembangan situs pencar yang mencakup lingkungan [[Fordham, Bronx|Fordham]], [[Tremont, Bronx|Tremont]] dan [[Tremont Timur, Bronx|Tremont Timur]].<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-11-06|title=The Landscape of Housing: Twin Parks Northwest 40 Years On|url=https://urbanomnibus.net/2013/11/the-landscape-of-housing-twin-parks-northwest-40-years-on/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Urban Omnibus|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=slate/><ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Eyewitness|date=2022-01-11|title=All 17 Bronx's fire victims died of smoke inhalation; Vigil planned|url=https://abc7ny.com/bronx-fire-heater-in-rick-gropper/11452773/|access-date=2022-01-11|website=ABC7 New York}}</ref> Bangunan ini dibangun pada tahun 1972 sebagai bagian dari program negara bagian untuk menyediakan [[perumahan bersubsidi di Amerika Serikat|perumahan yang terjangkau]] dan dipuji luas pada saat itu sebagai rancangan perkotaan yang mutakhir.<ref name="nyt_bronx_fire>{{Cite news |last=Paybarah |first=Azi |date=January 9, 2022 |title=32 Seriously Hurt in Bronx Apartment Building Fire, Officials Say |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/09/nyregion/bronx-fire-apartment-building.html|access-date=January 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=January 8, 2020|title=JV to keep $166M Bronx Mitchell Lama portfolio affordable|url=https://rew-online.com/jv-to-keep-166m-bronx-mitchell-lama-portfolioaffordable/#:~:text=phase%20three,333%20e%20181st%20st.&text=To%20finance%20the,into%20three%20phases.|access-date=January 9, 2022|work=[[Real Estate Weekly]]|quote=To finance the project, the JV partners assumed New York State Housing Finance Agency and Freddie Mac loans serviced by Citibank, N.A. and JLL Capital Markets. The portfolio is broken into three phases. [...] Phase three consists of 331 units and two commercial spaces at 355-365 E 184th St and 333 E 181st St.}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Caspini"/>
Pada tahun 1977, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' melaporkan bahwa bangunan [[Empire State Development Corporation|Urban Development Corporation]], termasuk bangunan yang menjadi lokasi kebakaran kali ini, terpasang kabel listrik yang lebih rendah sehingga dapat menimbulkan bahaya kebakaran. Sumber masalahnya adalah UDC tidak tunduk kepada pedoman bangunan dan peraturan kota lainnya di bawah kewajiban dari negara bagian dan dapat mengeluarkan sertifikat huniannya sendiri. Inspektur dengan Dewan Penjamin Kebakaran menemukan pelanggaran bangunan yang bersifat kelistrikan di 333 East 181st Street dan bangunan lain di Twin Parks bersama dengan properti UDC lainnya.<ref name="Mayer-Gottlieb- 1977">{{cite news |last1=Mayer |first1=Martin |last2=Gottlieb |first2=Marvin |title=Fire Warning! UDC Buildings May Be Unsafe |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/92454955/udc-buildings-may-be-unsafe-1977/ |access-date=13 January 2022 |work=Daily News |date=6 November 1977 |pages=4|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
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Twin Parks North West, Site 4 saat ini dimiliki dan dijalankan oleh kemitraan swasta antara LIHC Investment Group, Belveron Partners, dan Camber Property Group yang membeli bangunan ini bersama dengan bangunan lainnya di Bronx pada awal tahun 2020.<ref name=":1" /> Pendiri Camber termasuk Rick Gropper, penasihat perumahan Walikota [[Eric Adams]].<ref name=":7" />
Semasa kebakaran kali ini, bangunan ini menampung banyak penduduk [[Afrika Barat]] dan [[Islam di Amerika Serikat|Muslim]], terutama [[imigrasi ke Amerika Serikat|imigran]] dari [[Gambia]], serta beberapa orang dari [[Mali]] dan [[Burkina Faso]].<ref name="bronx fire2">{{Cite news|last=Elassar|first=Alaa|date=January 9, 2022|title=Major fire in Bronx apartment building leaves 19 people dead, including 9 children, officials say|work=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/09/us/bronx-fire-injuries/index.html|access-date=January 9, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=nytimes>{{cite news |first=Christine |last=Chung |title=Bronx Apartment Building Was Home To a Large African Community |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/09/nyregion/gambia-bronx-fire-victims.html |work=[[New York Times]] |publisher= |date=2022-01-09 |access-date=2022-01-12 |archive-url=
== Kebakaran ==
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