Kerajaan Indo-Yunani: Perbedaan antara revisi

Istilah ''Yawana'' diduga merupakan terjemahan istilah "orang Yonia", dan diketahui digunakan untuk menyebut orang-orang Yunani Helenistis (mulai dari waktu pembuatan [[Maklumat-maklumat Asoka|prasasti-prasasti maklumat Asoka]], yang memuat pernyataan [[Asoka]] mengenai "Raja ''Yawana'' [[Antiokhos II Theos|Antiokhos]]"),<ref>"Karena orang Yonia, baik selaku kelompok masyarakat Yunani pertama maupun sebagai kelompok masyarakat Yunani paling dominan, yang dijumpai orang di Dunia Timur, bangsa Persia menyebut mereka ''Yauna'', sementara bangsa India menggunakan sebutan ''Yona'' dan ''Yawana'' bagi mereka", Narain, ''The Indo-Greeks'', hlm. 249</ref> tetapi kadang-kadang digunakan pula untuk menyebut bangsa asing lain selepas abad pertama [[anno Domini|tarikh Masehi]].<ref>"Istilah ini (Yawana) memiliki arti yang tertentu sampai memasuki [[anno Domini|tarikh Masehi]], manakala makna aslinya perlahan-lahan menghilang dan, sama seperti kata "Mlekha", turun tingkat menjadi sebutan umum untuk seorang asing." Narain, hlm. 18</ref><!--

 

 

The Brahmanical text of the ''[[Yuga Purana]]'' describes events in the form of a prophecy, which may have been historical,<ref>"But the real story of the Indo-Greek invasion becomes clear only on the analysis of the material contained in the historical section of the Gargi Samhita, the Yuga Purana" Narain, p110, ''The Indo-Greeks''. Also "The text of the Yuga Purana, as we have shown, gives an explicit clue to the period and nature of the invasion of Pataliputra in which the Indo-Greeks took part, for it says that the Pancalas and the Mathuras were the other powers who attacked Saketa and destroyed Pataliputra", Narain, p. 112</ref><ref>"For any scholar engaged in the study of the presence of the Indo-Greeks or Indo-Scythians before the Christian Era, the ''Yuga Purana'' is an important source material" Dilip Coomer Ghose, General Secretary, [[Asiatic Society|The Asiatic Society]], [[Kolkata]], 2002</ref><ref>"..further weight to the likelihood that this account of a Yavana incursion to Saketa and Pataliputra-in alliance with the Pancalas and the Mathuras—is indeed historical" Mitchener, ''The Yuga Purana'', p. 65.</ref> relates the attack of the Indo-Greeks on the capital Pataliputra,<ref>"The advance of the Greek to Pataliputra is recorded from the Indian side in the Yuga-purana", Tarn, p. 145</ref> a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to [[Megasthenes]],<ref>"The greatest city in India is that which is called Palimbothra, in the dominions of the Prasians [[...]] Megasthenes informs us that this city stretched in the inhabited quarters to an extreme length on each side of eighty stadia, and that its breadth was fifteen stadia, and that a ditch encompassed it all round, which was six hundred feet in breadth and thirty cubits in depth, and that the wall was crowned with 570 towers and had four-and-sixty gates." Arr. Ind. 10. "Of Pataliputra and the Manners of the Indians.", quoting Megasthenes [http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm Text] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210080315/http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm |date=December 10, 2008 }}</ref> and describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls:<ref>"The text of the Yuga Purana, as we have shown, gives an explicit clue to the period and nature of the invasion of Pataliputra in which the Indo-Greeks took part, for it says that the Pancalas and the Mathuras were the other powers who attacked Saketa and destroyed Pataliputra", Narain, ''The Indo-Greeks'', p. 112.</ref>

{{quote|Then, after having approached [[Saketa]] together with the [[Panchala]]s and the [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]]s, the Yavanas, valiant in battle, will reach Kusumadhvaja ("The town of the flower-standard", [[Pataliputra]]). Then, once Puspapura (another name of Pataliputra) has been reached and its celebrated mud-walls cast down, all the realm will be in disorder.|''Yuga Purana'', Paragraph 47–48, quoted in Mitchener, ''The Yuga Purana'', 2002 edition<ref name="Chakrbarti">The Sungas, Kanvas, Republican Kingdoms and Monarchies, Mahameghavahanas, [[Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti]], p. 6 [https://www.academia.edu/7469349/I.1._The_Sungas_Kanvas_Republican_Kingdoms_and_Monarchies_Mahameghavahanas]</ref><ref name="McEvilley 371">McEvilley, 2002, The Shape of Ancient Thought, p. 371</ref>}}