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{{Short description|Electric train with no locomotive}}
{{hatnote|Singkatan stasiun ini bukan berarti [[Stasiun Karangtalun]].}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{bukan|Stasiun Karangtalun}}
[[File:Liverpool Overhead Railway carriage, Museum of Liverpool-2.jpg|thumb|A [[Liverpool Overhead Railway]] carriage in the [[Museum of Liverpool]]. The first EMUs in 1893.]]
[[Berkas:JR East 205-5F (BUD5), Pasar Minggu.jpg|jmpl|300px|KRL seri 205 eks JR East rangkaian 205-5F (BUD5) meninggalkan [[Stasiun Pasar Minggu]] menuju Angke.]]
[[File:201 900 prototype.JPG|thumb|The prototype unit of [[JNR]] [[201 series]] on public display at [[Harajuku Station]] in [[Tokyo]], 13 May 1979. Next to it, a [[Yamanote Line]]'s [[103 series]] train can be seen passing through]]
[[Berkas:Railcars.jpg|jmpl|300px|Tiga macam kereta rel listrik di stasiun [[Bogor]].. Dari kiri ke kanan, [[Kereta rel listrik Rheostatik|KRL ED101]] [[Jepang]] buatan [[1983]]/[[1984]], [[Kereta rel listrik BN-Holec|KRL EA101]] buatan [[1996]], dan [[Kereta rel listrik Rheostatik|KRL ED101]] buatan [[1986]]/[[1987]].]]
[[File:Howth Junction railway station in 2007.jpg|thumb|[[Dublin Area Rapid Transit|DART]] 8500 class commuter EMU at Howth Junction railway station, Ireland.]]
[[Berkas:Jakarta MRT train departing from ASEAN MRT Station.jpg|jmpl|296x296px|[[Kereta rel listrik MRT Jakarta|Kereta MRT Jakarta]], salah satu armada KRL di Indonesia.]]
[[File:CR400BF-G-5168@IFP (20210128114409).jpg|thumb|A [[High-speed rail|high-speed]] EMU [[CR400BF|CR400BF-G]] capable of up to {{convert|494|km/h|0|abbr=on}} operated by [[China Railway High-speed]] at [[Beijing Chaoyang railway station]]|alt=]]
[[Berkas:KRLinside.jpg|jmpl|394x394px|Suasana di dalam salah satu KRL ex Jepang seri 8000/8500 yang beroperasi di Indonesia]]
[[File:471 035 CD Ostrava.jpg|thumb|A [[ČD Class 471|CityElefant]] train about to arrive [[Ostrava main railway station|Ostrava hlavní nádraží]], [[Czech Republic]]]]
'''Kereta Rel Listrik''' (disingkat '''KRL''') merupakan [[kereta rel]] yang bergerak dengan [[sistem propulsi motor listrik]]. KRL tidak memerlukan lokomotif terpisah, karena motor traksi listrik tergabung dalam satu atau sejumlah unit kereta. Rangkaiannya biasanya terdiri atas dua atau lebih kereta yang digabungkan secara semi permanen. KRL ditenagai oleh [[listrik]] yang diambil dari [[Listrik aliran atas|jalur kabel listrik aliran atas]], [[rel ketiga]] atau penyimpanan energi terpasang pada sarana seperti [[baterai]] atau [[superkapasitor]]. Sebagian besar KRL adalah kereta penumpang, tetapi juga ada sebagian kecil KRL yang digunakan sebagai kereta kargo. KRL banyak digunakan pada jaringan kereta [[komuter]] di seluruh dunia karena akselerasinya yang cepat dan pengoperasiannya yang bebas polusi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=DE, Nisit. K.|date=1999|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/605740719|title=Electric drives.|location=New Delhi|publisher=Prentice Hall of India|isbn=81-203-1492-1|others=Sen, Prasanta.K,|oclc=605740719}}</ref>
[[File:Adelaide Metro 4000 Class EMU at Hallett Cove.jpg|thumb|An [[Adelaide Metro A-City 4000 Class|A-City 4000 class EMU]] in [[Adelaide]], Australia]]
An '''electric multiple unit''' or '''EMU''' is a [[multiple-unit]] [[train]] consisting of self-propelled carriages using [[electricity]] as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate [[locomotive]], as electric [[traction motor]]s are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages. An EMU is usually formed of two or more semi-permanently coupled carriages, but electrically powered single-unit [[railcar]]s are also generally classed as EMUs. The great majority of EMUs are passenger trains, but versions also exist for carrying mail.
 
EMUs are popular on commuter and suburban rail networks around the world due to their fast acceleration and pollution-free operation.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YikAs8Bp0yYC&q=electric%20multiple%20unit&pg=PA278| title= Electric Drives| author =N. K. De| publisher = PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|year= 2004|at = 8.4 "Electric traction", p.84| isbn= 9788120314924}}</ref> Being quieter than [[diesel multiple unit]]s (DMUs) and [[locomotive]]-hauled trains, EMUs can operate later at night and more frequently without disturbing nearby residents. In addition, tunnel design for EMU trains is simpler as no provision is needed for exhausting fumes, although retrofitting existing limited-clearance tunnels to accommodate the extra equipment needed to transmit electric power to the train can be difficult.
Di [[Indonesia]], kereta rel listrik terutama ditemukan di kawasan [[Jabotabek|Jabodetabek]], dan merupakan kereta yang melayani para [[komuter]] (''lihat'' [[KRL Jabotabek|Kereta Komuter Jabodetabek]]), layanan [[Kereta rel listrik Railink seri EA203|kereta bandara]], maupun kereta [[Angkutan cepat|metro]] (''lihat'' [[MRT Jakarta]]).
 
==History==
Di Hindia Belanda, kereta rel listrik pertama kali dipergunakan untuk menghubungkan [[Batavia]] dengan [[Jatinegara]] atau [[Meester Cornelis]] pada tahun [[1925]]. Pada waktu itu digunakan rangkaian kereta rel listrik sebanyak 2 kereta, yang bisa disambung menjadi 4 kereta, yang dibuat oleh [[Werkspoor]] dan [[Heemaf Hengelo]].
 
Multiple unit train control was first used in the 1890s.
Pada tahun [[1960-an]] kereta api dengan tenaga listrik sempat tidak digunakan selama beberapa lama karena kondisi mesin [[lokomotif]] dan kereta yang tidak memadai lagi. Pada tahun [[1976]], [[PJKA]] mulai mendatangkan sejumlah kereta rel listrik dari [[Jepang]]. Kereta rel listrik yang kini digunakan di Indonesia dibuat pada tahun [[1976]], [[1978]], [[1983]], [[1984]], [[1986]], [[1987]], [[1994]], [[1996]], [[1997]], [[1998]], [[1999]], [[2000]], [[2001]], 2011, 2017 dan 2018.
 
The [[Liverpool Overhead Railway]] opened in 1893 with two car electric multiple units,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/collections/transport/overheadrailway.aspx| title=Liverpool Overhead Railway motor coach number 3, 1892| quote=This is one of the original motor coaches which has electric motors mounted beneath the floor, a driving cab at one end and third class accommodation with wooden seats.| publisher=[[National Museums Liverpool]]| access-date=2011-01-21 }}</ref> controllers in cabs at both ends directly controlling the traction current to motors on both cars.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1902/01/18/archives/mr-sprague-answers-mr-westinghouse.html|title=Mr Sprague answers Mr Westinghouse|date=18 January 1902|access-date=16 June 2012|author=Frank Sprague|author-link=Frank Sprague|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
[[PT Inka]] yang terletak di [[Madiun]] telah dapat membuat dua set kereta rel listrik yang disebut [[Kereta api Prajayana|KRL-I Prajayana]] pada tahun 2001. Kereta rel listrik ini belum dibuat lebih banyak lagi, karena "tidak ekonomis" dan dianggap sering mogok. Bagi [[PT Kereta Api]], tampaknya lebih ekonomis untuk membeli KRL bekas dari Jepang.
 
The multiple unit traction control system was developed by [[Frank J. Sprague|Frank Sprague]] and first applied and tested on the [[South Side Elevated Railroad]] (now part of the [[Chicago 'L']]) in 1897. In 1895, derived from his company's invention and production of direct current elevator control systems, Frank Sprague invented a multiple unit controller for electric train operation. This accelerated the construction of electric traction railways and trolley systems worldwide. Each car of the train has its own traction motors: by means of motor control relays in each car energized by train-line wires from the front car all of the traction motors in the train are controlled in unison.
== Sejarah (kereta rel listrik) ==
Kereta rel listrik pertama kali digunakan pada akhir abad ke-19 Masehi di [[Jerman]]. Pada awalnya, kereta rel listrik dicatu daya menggunakan sumber [[arus searah]]. Pada tahun 1890 Masehi, [[Inggris]] menggunakan kereta rel listrik dengan sumber [[arus bolak-balik]]. [[Tegangan listrik]] nominal yang digunakan adalah 600 [[Volt]]. Inggris kemudian menaikkan tegangan listrik kereta rel listrik menjadi 1,5 kV pada tahun 1921. Penaikan nilai ini disertai peralihan menggunakan sumber arus searah. Pada perkembangan berikutnya, tegangan listrik yang bekerja pada kereta rel listrik meningkat menjadi 3 kV arus searah. Kereta rel listrik dengan tegangan listrik arus bolak-balik yang cukup tinggi dikembangkan di Jerman dan Swiss pada tahun 1912. Tegangan listrik yang diterapkan sebesar 15 kV dengan [[frekuensi]] sebesar 16,66 Hz. [[Motor listrik]] yang dipakai sebagai penggerak berjenis [[motor traksi]] dengan [[komutator]]. Frekuensi umum sebesar 50 atau 60 Hz tidak diterapkan karena adanya perubahan [[gaya gerak listrik]] pada motor traksi komutator. Pemakaian frekuensi umum ini juga membuat ukuran motor traksi komutator harus dibuat lebih besar untuk menghindari munculnya [[busur api]] dengan ukuran yang besar. Frekuensi sebesar 50 Hz baru berhasil digunakan pada kereta rel listrik pada tahun 1952. Uji coba sekaligus pengembangannya dilakukan oleh [[Prancis]]. Pencatu dayanya adalah arus bolak-balik satu-fasa dengan tegangan listrik sebesar 25 kV. Jenis kereta rel listrik ini kemudian digunakan secara [[komersial]] di Prancis.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Haroen|first=Yanuarsyah|date=2017|title=Sistem Transportasi Elektrik|location=Bandung|publisher=ITB Press|isbn=978-602-7861-65-7|pages=4|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
==Types==
== Pengoperasian di Indonesia ==
[[File:MNCRR M-8 at NEC Port Chester.jpg|thumb|Metro-North Railroad [[M8 (railcar)|M8]] married pairs in [[Port Chester, New York|Port Chester]], [[New York (state)|New York]]]]
Di Indonesia, jenis kereta ini digunakan pada armada [[KRL Commuter Line|Commuter Line Indonesia]], [[Lin Soekarno-Hatta (KAI Bandara)|Railink Soekarno-Hatta]], [[MRT Jakarta]], [[Lintas Rel Terpadu Palembang|LRT Palembang]], [[LRT Jakarta]], [[LRT Jabodebek]], dan [[Kereta Cepat Indonesia–China|Kereta Cepat Jakarta-Bandung]] yang akan beroperasi.
[[File:380108 at Haymarket.jpg|thumb|A [[First ScotRail]] [[British Rail Class 380|Class 380]] EMU at [[Haymarket railway station|Haymarket]] in [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]]]]
 
The cars that form a complete EMU set can usually be separated by function into four types: power car, motor car, driving car, and trailer car. Each car can have more than one function, such as a motor-driving car or power-driving car.
[[KRL Commuter Line|Commuter Line Indonesia]] mengoperasikan kereta rel listrik yang melayani jalur-jalur [[Stasiun Jakarta Kota|Jakarta Kota]] ke [[Stasiun Bekasi|Bekasi]] dan [[Stasiun Cikarang|Cikarang]], [[Stasiun Depok|Depok]] dan [[Stasiun Bogor|Bogor]], [[Stasiun Tangerang|Tangerang]], [[Stasiun Serpong|Serpong]], [[Stasiun Maja|Maja]] dan [[Stasiun Rangkasbitung|Rangkasbitung]] serta trayek melingkar dari [[Stasiun Manggarai|Manggarai]], [[Stasiun Jatinegara|Jatinegara]], [[Stasiun Pasar Senen|Pasar Senen]], [[Stasiun Kampung Bandan|Kampung Bandan]], [[Stasiun Tanah Abang|Tanah Abang]], ke Manggarai lagi dan sebaliknya. Pada masa depan direncanakan bahwa KRL akan melayani pula stasiun [[Stasiun Karawang|Karawang]] dan [[Stasiun Cikampek|Cikampek]]. Selain itu, [[jalur rel ganda]] dari Tanah Abang menuju Serpong telah selesai beberapa tahun yang lalu, sedangkan dari Manggarai sampai dengan Cikarang masih akan ditingkatkan menjadi Quadruple-Track. Manggarai sendiri akan menjadi Stasiun induk untuk Kereta Jabodetabek dan kereta Bandara. Tak hanya di Jabodetabek saja, Kereta Commuter Indonesia juga akan mengoperasikan KRL di wilayah [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] dan [[Jawa Tengah]] ([[Kota Surakarta|Kota Solo]]) dan telah dilakukan uji coba pada 4 November 2020 menggunakan KRL EA202 (KfW) dan JR 205-9/32, rencananya akan diperpanjang ke arah [[Stasiun Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta|Bandara Internasional Yogyakarta]] & [[Stasiun Kutoarjo|Kutoarjo]] (Segmen Barat), dan ke arah [[Stasiun Solo Jebres|Solo Jebres]] (Dipo) & [[Stasiun Palur|Palur]] (Segmen Timur).
 
* A power car carries the necessary equipment to draw power from the [[Railway electrification system|electrified infrastructure]], such as [[contact shoe|pickup shoe]]s for [[third rail|third rail systems]] and [[Pantograph (rail)|pantographs]] for [[overhead lines|overhead systems]], and [[transformer]]s.
<ref>{{Cite web|last=Farozy|first=Ikko Haidar|date=2020-11-05|title=Akhirnya, Ujicoba KRL Daop 6 Yogyakarta Telah Dimulai|url=http://redigest.web.id/2020/11/akhirnya-ujicoba-krl-daop-6-yogyakarta-telah-dimulai/|website=Railway Enthusiast Digest|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-11-09}}</ref>
* Motor cars carry the [[traction motor]]s to move the train, and are often combined with the power car to avoid high-voltage inter-car connections.
* Driving cars are similar to a [[Control car|cab car]], containing a driver's cab for controlling the train. An EMU will usually have two driving cars at its outer ends.
* Trailer cars are any cars (sometimes semi-permanently coupled) that carry little or no traction or power related equipment, and are similar to [[Passenger car (rail)|passenger car]]s in a locomotive-hauled train.
 
On third rail systems, the outer vehicles usually carry the pick up shoes with the motor vehicles receiving the current via [[Jumper cable|intra-unit connections]].
[[MRT Jakarta]] sebagai operator layanan kereta [[angkutan cepat]] di [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]] saat ini memiliki satu jalur dari Stasiun Lebak Bulus hingga Stasiun Bundaran HI. Dibanding Commuter Line, kedatangan KRL di Stasiun MRT Jakarta memiliki interval yang lebih rapat yaitu 5 menit pada jam sibuk dan 10 menit pada jam biasa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=developer|first=medcom id|date=2020-06-07|title=MRT Datang Setiap 5 Menit Saat Jam Sibuk|url=https://www.medcom.id/nasional/metro/VNx4zPqN-mrt-datang-setiap-5-menit-saat-jam-sibuk|website=medcom.id|language=id|access-date=2020-11-09}}</ref> MRT Jakarta menggunakan armada [[Kereta rel listrik MRT Jakarta|KRL]] yang diproduksi oleh [[Nippon Sharyo]], Jepang.
 
Many modern 2-car EMU sets are set up as [[twin unit|twin]] or "married pair" units. While both units in a married pair are typically driving motors, the ancillary equipment (air compressor and tanks, batteries and charging equipment, traction power and control equipment, etc.) are shared between the two cars in the set. Since neither car can operate without its "partner", such sets are permanently coupled and can only be split at maintenance facilities. Advantages of married pair units include weight and cost savings over single-unit cars (due to halving the ancillary equipment required per set) while allowing all cars to be powered, unlike a motor-trailer combination. Each car has only one control cab, located at the outer end of the pair, saving space and expense over a cab at both ends of each car. Disadvantages include a loss of operational flexibility, as trains must be multiples of two cars, and a failure on a single car could force removing both it and its partner from service.
Selain kereta dengan layanan berhenti di setiap stasiun, juga terdapat KRL yang dioperasikan untuk layanan kereta ekspres bandara oleh [[KAI Bandara|Railink]]. [[Kereta Ekspres Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta|Kereta bandara]] ini melayani dari dan menuju [[Stasiun Bandara Soekarno-Hatta|Stasiun]] [[Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta]] sebagai ''Airport Railink Station'', dan [[Stasiun Sudirman Baru]] serta [[Stasiun Bekasi]] sebagai ''City Railink Station''. Setiap satu perjalanan kereta ekspres ini menggunakan rangkaian KRL [[Kereta rel listrik Airport Railink Services|seri EA 203]] buatan [[PT INKA]] dan [[Bombardier Transportation]].
 
==As high speed trains==
== Perbandingan dengan Lokomotif Listrik ==
Some of the more famous electric multiple units in the world are high-speed trains: the Italian [[Pendolino]] and [[Frecciarossa 1000]], [[Shinkansen]] in Japan, the [[China Railway High-speed]] in China, [[ICE 3]] in Germany, and the British Rail [[British Rail Class 395|class 395]] Javelin. The retired New York–Washington ''[[Metroliner (Amtrak)|Metroliner]]'' service, first operated by the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] and later by [[Amtrak]], also featured high-speed electric multiple-unit cars, known as the [[Budd Metroliner]].
terdapat beberapa kelebihan dan KRL jika dibandingkan dengan lokomotif listrik, diantaranya:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lovatt|first=H.C.|date=2002|title=Power transfer in hybrid electric vehicles with multiple energy storage units|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20020109|journal=International Conference on Power Electronics Machines and Drives|publisher=IEE|doi=10.1049/cp:20020109|isbn=0-85296-747-0}}</ref>
 
==Fuel cell development==
* Akselerasi lebih tinggi, karena ada lebih banyak motor traksi yang berbagi beban dengan tenaga tersebar
EMUs powered by [[fuel cell]]s are under development. If successful, this would avoid the need for an [[overhead line]] or [[third rail]]. An example is [[Alstom]]’s [[hydrogen]]-powered [[Coradia iLint]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalrailnews.com/2017/10/24/in-depth-what-you-need-to-know-about-alstoms-hydrogen-powered-coradia-ilint/|title=What you need to know about Alstom's hydrogen-powered Coradia iLint - Global Rail News|date=24 October 2017|website=globalrailnews.com}}</ref> The term [[hydrail]] has been coined for hydrogen-powered rail vehicles.
* Rem induksi, rheostatik, dan regeneratif pada banyak gandar sekaligus, sangat mengurangi keausan pada bantalan rem dan/atau kampas dan memungkinkan pengereman lebih cepat (jarak pengereman lebih kecil/berkurang)
* Beban gandar berkurang, karena kebutuhan akan lokomotif yang berat dihilangkan; Hal ini memungkinkan pembangunan prasarana yang lebih sederhana dan lebih murah karena menggunakan lebih sedikit material (seperti jembatan dan viaduk) dan biaya pemeliharaan prasarana yang lebih rendah
* Getaran tanah berkurang, karena hal di atas
* Koefisien adhesi yang lebih rendah untuk poros penggerak
* Tingkat redundansi yang lebih tinggi, kinerja hanya terpengaruh secara minimal jika ada kerusakan pada satu motor
* Kapasitas tempat duduk lebih tinggi, karena tidak menggunakan lokomotif, semua unit dalam satu rangkaian digunakan sebagai kereta penumpang.
 
==Battery electric multiple unit==
Sementara kelebihan lokomotif listrik, jika dibandingkan dengan KRL:
Many [[Battery electric multiple unit|battery electric multiple units]] are in operation around the world, with the take up being strong. Many are bi-modal taking energy from onboard battery banks and line pickups such as overhead wires or third rail. In most cases the batteries are charged via the electric pickup when operating on electric mode.
 
==Comparison with locomotives==
* Lebih sedikit komponen listrik di sepanjang rangkaian kereta, sehingga perawatan lebih murah.
EMUs, when compared with [[electric locomotive]]s, offer:<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Drives Electric Multiple Units? |url=http://www.ejrcf.or.jp/jrtr/jrtr17/pdf/f40_technology.pdf |last=Hata |first=Hiroshi |website=Railway Technology Today}}</ref>
* Kebisingan dan getaran lebih rendah pada kereta penumpang, karena tidak ada motor atau kotak roda gigi pada bogie di bawah kereta penumpang.
*Higher acceleration, since there are more motors sharing the same load, more motors allows for a higher total motor power output
*Braking, including [[Eddy current brake|Eddy current]], [[Dynamic braking#Rheostatic braking|rheostatic]] and/or [[Regenerative brake|regenerative braking]] on multiple axles at once, greatly reducing wear on brake parts (as the wear can be distributed among more brakes) and allowing for faster braking (lower/reduced braking distances)
*Reduced axle loads, since the need for a heavy locomotive is eliminated; this in turn allows for simpler and cheaper structures that use less material (like bridges and viaducts) and lower structure maintenance costs
*Reduced ground vibrations, due to the above
*Lower adhesion coefficients for driving (powered) axles, due to lower weight on these axles; weight is not concentrated on a locomotive
*A higher degree of redundancy - performance is only minimally affected following the failure of a single motor or brake
*Higher seating capacity, since there is no locomotive; all cars can contain seats.
Electric locomotives, when compared to EMUs, offer:
*Less electrical equipment per train resulting in lower train manufacturing and maintenance costs
*Easily allows for lower noise and vibration in passenger cars, since there are no motors or gearboxes on the bogies below the cars
 
==Gallery==
== KRL pada saat Peristiwa Kematian Listrik ==
<gallery>
Pada peristiwa [[Mati Listrik Jawa-Bali 2005]], sebanyak 42 perjalanan kereta rel listrik (KRL) rute [[Jakarta]]-[[Bogor]]-[[Tangerang]]-[[Bekasi]] dibatalkan dan 26 KRL yang sedang beroperasi tertahan di beberapa perlintasan. Diperkirakan hal ini menyebabkan kerugian yang mencapai Rp 200 juta.
File:NewGeneration710.jpg|A [[New Generation Rollingstock]] train in the [[Queensland Rail City network]], [[Australia]]
File:ICE 3 Oberhaider-Wald-Tunnel.jpg|A Deutsche Bahn [[ICE 3]] EMU capable of up to {{convert|320|km/h|0|abbr=on}} in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]
File:Liverpool Overhead Railway carriage, Museum of Liverpool-2.jpg|Liverpool Overhead Railway EMU carriage in the [[Museum of Liverpool]]
File:South Side Elevated Railroad car 1.jpg|South Side Elevated Railroad car #1, one of the cars that Frank Sprague converted to MU operation in Chicago
File:Lodi - stazione ferroviaria - Treno Servizio Regionale - linea S1.jpg| An Italian [[Treno Servizio Regionale|TSR]] [[Bilevel rail car|double-decker]] EMU
File:ČD Class 641 in Adamov.JPG|A [[Škoda 7Ev|RegioPanter]] electric train
File:Pendolino - ČD Class 680 (2).jpg|[[ČD Class 680]]
File:483008 at Smallbrook Junction in 2020.jpg|A [[British Rail Class 483]] at [[Smallbrook Junction railway station|Smallbrook Junction]] on the [[Isle of Wight]]. An example of converted [[1938 tube stock]], these trains were the oldest electrical multiple units in mainline operation in the United Kingdom, being 82 years old at the time of their retirement in 2021.
File:Vande Bharat express for Katra IMG 20200131 054006.jpg|An [[Indian Railways]] [[Vande Bharat Express]] train capable of up to 180&nbsp;km/h (112&nbsp;mph) at [[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]. ([[EMU India]])
File:ZSSK 671.001.jpg|[[Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko|ZSSK]] Class 671
File:Mumbai Train.JPG|[[Mumbai Suburban Railway|Mumbai suburban rail]] serving [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region|Mumbai metropolitan region]]
File:Syonan-Shinjuku Line E233-3000 Series 20190924.jpg|An [[E233 series]] EMU on the Shōnan–Shinjuku Line in September 2019
File:Ligne de Nanterre a Sartrouville - Viaduc de Nanterre - MI09 - Avril 2012 (4) cropped.jpg|[[MI 09]] on RER A Line in November 2012
File:KTM Class 93 Pulau Sebang 015347.jpg|[[KTM Class 93]] of [[KTM ETS]] arriving [[Pulau Sebang/Tampin railway station|Pulau Sebang]] from [[Batang Melaka railway station|Batang Melaka]]
</gallery>
 
==Lihat pula==
14 Tahun silam Pada peristiwa [[Mati listrik Jawa Bali 2005]] dan Tahun 2019 Peristiwa pun terjadi Pada Tanggal 4-5 Agustus 2019 [[Mati listrik Jawa 2019]], beberapa perjalanan kereta rel listrik (KRL) Commuter Line, [[MRT Jakarta]], [[LRT Jakarta]] & [[Kereta Ekspres Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta|KRL Bandara]] terhenti. Ada sekitar 4 perjalanan MRT juga kena imbasnya. Serta LRT Jakarta harus tidak beroperasi terkait pemadaman listrik. Akibat dari peristiwa ini, kerugian mencapai lebih dari Rp 90 miliar.
* [[Kereta rel diesel]]
* [[Kereta rel elektrodiesel]]
* [[Kereta rel baterai]]
 
== Lihat pula Referensi==
{{Reflist}}
* [[Kereta Rel Diesel]]
*[[Lokomotif listrik]]
 
{{Commons category|Electric multiple units, motor coaches and railcars|position=left}}
== Pranala luar ==
* {{id}} [http://www.krlmania.com/roker/read.php?id=32 Informasi tentang satu tipe KRL yang dipakai di Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020234118/http://www.krlmania.com/roker/read.php?id=32 |date=2007-10-20 }}
 
{{Elektrifikasi perkeretaapian}}
== Referensi ==
 
[[Kategori:Kereta penumpang]]
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Kereta rel listrik| ]]
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Electric Multiple Unit}}
[[Category:Kereta rel listrik| ]]
[[Category:Kereta rel unit banyak]]
[[Category:Transportasi rel listrik]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Kereta_rel_listrik"