Sankt-Peterburg: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Pemandangan kota ==
[[Berkas:Gazprom tower (Lakhta Center) St Petersburg. Russia.jpg|kiri|jmpl|[[Lakhta Center]], gedung tertinggi di Eropa]]
Saint Petersburg memiliki tiga gedung pencakar langit: Leader Tower (140 m), Alexander Nevsky (124 m) dan Atlantic City (105 m) semuanya jauh dari pusat sejarah. Peraturan melarang pembangunan gedung tinggi di pusat kota. [[Menara TV Saint Petersburg]] setinggi 310 meter (1.020 kaki) adalah bangunan tertinggi di kota. Pada tahun 2008, [[Yayasan Monumen Dunia]] memasukkan cakrawala bersejarah Saint Petersburg dalam daftar pantauan dari 100 situs paling terancam punah karena konstruksi yang diharapkan, yang mengancam akan mengubahnya secara drastis.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=St. Petersburg Historic Skyline, Russian Federation|url=http://wmf.org/watch2008/watch.php?id=S8352|website=|access-date=|archive-date=2009-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607022939/http://wmf.org/watch2008/watch.php?id=S8352|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Proyek [[Lakhta Center]] telah menimbulkan kontroversi yang jauh lebih sedikit dan, tidak seperti proyek yang belum dibangun sebelumnya, tidak dilihat oleh UNESCO sebagai potensi ancaman terhadap warisan budaya kota karena jauh dari pusat sejarah. Pencakar langit ini selesai pada 2019, dan pada ketinggian 462,5 meter, saat ini menjadi yang tertinggi di Rusia dan Eropa.
[[Berkas:Kazan Cathedral - panoramio (1).jpg|jmpl|Katedral Kazan, contoh [[arsitektur Neoklasik]]]]
Tidak seperti di Moskow, arsitektur bersejarah pusat kota Saint Petersburg, sebagian besar bangunan [[Barok]] dan [[Neoklasikisme|Neoklasik]] abad ke-18 dan ke-19, sebagian besar telah dilestarikan; meskipun sejumlah bangunan dihancurkan setelah [[Bolshevik]] merebut kekuasaan, selama [[Pengepungan Leningrad]] dan beberapa tahun terakhir. Yang tertua dari bangunan yang tersisa adalah rumah kayu yang dibangun untuk Peter I pada tahun 1703 di pantai [[Sungai Neva|Neva]] dekat [[Trinity Square]]. Sejak 1991 Pusat Bersejarah Saint Petersburg dan Grup Monumen Terkait di Saint Petersburg dan [[Oblast Leningrad]] telah terdaftar oleh [[Organisasi Pendidikan, Keilmuan, dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|UNESCO]] sebagai [[Situs Warisan Dunia]].
Baris 231:
* {{flagicon|THA}} [[Bangkok]], Thailand <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Barcelona]], Spanyol <small>''(sejak 1984)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|title=Barcelona's Sister cities|publisher=2008 Ajuntament de Barcelona (City council's webpage)|accessdate=December 1, 2008|archive-date=2012-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127043638/http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|PLE}} [[Bethlehem]], Palestina <small>''(sejak 2003)''</small><ref name="BethlehemTwinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |title=Bethlehem Municipality |publisher=bethlehem-city.org |accessdate=October 10, 2009 |archive-date=2014-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713234635/http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bordeaux]], Prancis <small>''(sejak 1991)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Bordeaux twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|title=Bordeaux - Rayonnement européen et mondial|accessdate=July 29, 2013|work=Mairie de Bordeaux|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154903/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|archivedate=2013-02-07|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Bordeaux twinnings 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14|title=Bordeaux-Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures|accessdate=July 29, 2013|work=Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères)|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207152951/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14|archivedate=2013-02-07|dead-url=no}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Cape Town]], Afrika Selatan <small>''(sejak 2001)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
Baris 250:
* {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Ho Chi Minh City|Ho Chi Minh]], Vietnam <small>''(sejak 1977)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|IRN}} [[Esfahān|Isfahan]], Iran <small>''(sejak 1999)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|TUR}} [[İstanbul]], Turki <small>''(sejak 1990)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=November 2, 2008|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq0Igk9U?url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=94185|publisher=Radikal|language=Turkish|date=November 3, 2003|quote=49 sister cities in 2003|title=İstanbul'a 49 kardeş|last=Erdem|first=Selim Efe|accessdate=November 2, 2008}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kotka]], Finlandia <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Le Havre]], Prancis <small>''(sejak 1965)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="TwinTowns">''{{cite web|url = http://www.lehavre.eu/#Twin_towns|title=Le Havre Website – Twin Towns|accessdate=November 30, 2008|publisher={{fontcolor|Green|(in [[English language|{{fontcolor|Green|English}}]])}} 2006–2008 Ovidio Limited. }}''</ref></small>
Baris 263:
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* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Osaka]], Jepang <small>''(sejak 1961)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city.osaka.jp/english/more_about_osaka/osaka_world/index.html |title=Osaka and the World, the official website of the Osaka city |accessdate=December 1, 2008 |archive-date=2008-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222222132/http://www.city.osaka.jp/english/more_about_osaka/osaka_world/index.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris]], Prancis <small>''(sejak 1991)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Paris">{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587&document_type_id=5&document_id=16468&portlet_id=14974 |work=Mairie de Paris |title=Paris Partners: 'Les pactes d'amitié et de coopération' |accessdate=December 1, 2008 |archive-date=2010-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122093109/http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Paris2">{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/en/city_government/international/special_partners.asp |work=Mairie de Paris |title=Paris International relations : special partners |accessdate=December 1, 2008 |archive-date=2008-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225090448/http://www.v1.paris.fr/EN/city_government/international/special_partners.asp |dead-url=yes }}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Piraeus]], Yunani <small>''(sejak 1965)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Greek twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf|title=Twinnings|accessdate=August 25, 2013|work=Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece|archive-date=2020-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006215719/https://kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf/|dead-url=yes}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Plovdiv]], Bulgaria <small>''(sejak 2001)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.plovdiv.bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=261&Itemid=279 |title=Plovdiv Sister cities |access-date=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2011-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102060041/http://www.plovdiv.bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=261&Itemid=279 |dead-url=yes }}</ref></small>
Baris 274:
* {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stockholm]], Swedia <small>''(sejak 1992)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Tampere]], Finlandia <small>''(sejak 1993)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Thessaloniki]], Yunani <small>''(sejak 2002)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name=thessaloniki>{{cite web |url=http://www.thessalonikicity.gr/English/twinning-cities.htm |title=Twinning Cities |work=City of Thessaloniki |accessdate=December 1, 2008 |archive-date=2009-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331054219/http://www.thessalonikicity.gr/English/twinning-cities.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Turku]], Finlandia <small>''(sejak 1953)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Warsawa]], Polandia <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web
* {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Zagreb]], Kroasia <small>''(sejak 1968)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name=zagreb_sister_cities>{{cite web|url=http://www.zagreb.hr/mms/en/index.html|title=Zagreb Sister Cities|accessdate=December 1, 2008|archive-date=2007-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928042510/http://www.zagreb.hr/mms/en/index.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[St. Petersburg, Florida]], Amerika Serikat
Baris 293:
* {{flagicon|ARM}} [[Yerevan]], Armenia <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref name="Yerevan partnerships">{{cite web|url=http://www.yerevan.am/3-233-233.html|title=Yerevan - Partner Cities|accessdate=November 4, 2013|work=Yerevan Municipality Official Website|publisher=© 2005—2013 www.yerevan.am}}</ref><ref name="Yerevan Sister Cities">{{cite web|url=http://yerevan.am/main.php?lang=3&page_id=194|title=Yerevan Municipality – Sister Cities|publisher=2005–2009 [http://yerevan.am/?lang=3 www.yerevan.am]|accessdate=June 22, 2009|archive-date=2011-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002075135/http://www.yerevan.am/main.php?page_id=194&lang=3|dead-url=yes}}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|LTU}} [[Vilnius]], Lituania <small>''(sejak 2002)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vilniushostels.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1&Itemid=2 |title=Guide to Vilnuis |accessdate=December 1, 2008 |archive-date=2010-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012051203/http://www.vilniushostels.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1&Itemid=2 |dead-url=yes }}</ref></small>
* {{flagicon|LVA}} [[Riga]], Latvia <small>''(sejak 1997)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm |title=Twin cities of Riga |publisher=[[Riga City Council]] |accessdate=December 1, 2008 |archive-date=2008-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204021323/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref></small>
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* {{flagicon|RUS}}/{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Sevastopol]], [[Status politik Krimea|Dipertentangkan]] <small>''(sejak 2000)''<ref name="saint_petersburg"/></small>
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