|
| estate =
| coat of arms = [[Berkas:Standard of the Arshakuni Arsacid dynasty.svg|230px]]
| parent house = [[:en:Arsacid dynasty of Parthia|Arsakid Parthia]]
| country = [[:en:Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]]<br>[[Siria]]<br>[[Kilikia]]<br>[[Albania Kaukasus|Albania]]<br>[[Kerajaan Iberia|Iberia]]
| titles = <nowiki></nowiki>
*[[:en:List of Armenian kings|Raja Armenia Besar]]
*[[:en:Sophene|Raja Sophene]]
*[[:en:Osroene|Raja Osroene]]
*[[:en:Kingdom of Commagene|Raja Kommagene]]
*[[:en:Gordyene|Raja Gordyene]]
*[[Kerajaan Iberia|Raja Iberia]]
*[[Albania Kaukasus|Raja Albania]]
*[[:en:Atropatene|Raja Atropatene]]
*[[:en:Adiabene|Raja Adiabene]]
*[[Fenisia|Raja Fenisia]]
*[[Siria|Raja Siria]]
*[[Kapadokia|Raja Kapadokia]]
*[[Yudea|Raja Yudea]]
| founder = [[:en:Tiridates I of Armenia|Tiridates I]]
| final ruler = [[:en:Artaxias IV|Artaxias IV]]
| current head = Punah
| founding year = 52
}}
<!--{{Sejarah Armenia|expanded=age2|BC=1}}-->
'''Dinasti Arsakid''' ({{lang-en|Arsacid dynasty}}, dikenal oleh penduduk setempat sebagai '''dinasti Arshakuni''' ({{lang-hy|[[wikt:Արշակունի|Արշակունի]]}} ''Aršakuni'') memerintah atas [[:en:Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kerajaan Armenia]] dari tahun 54 sampai 428. Mereka merupakan cabang dari [[:en:Arsacid dynasty of Parthia|Dinasti Arsakid Parthia]]. Raja-raja Arsakid memerintah terputus-putus selama tahun-tahun kekacauan setelah runtuhnya [[:en:Artaxiad Dynasty|Dinasti Artaksiad]] sampai tahun 62 ketika [[:en:Tiridates I of Armenia|Tiridates I]] memantapkan kekuasaan [[:en:Arsacid dynasty of Parthia|Dinasti Arsakid Parthia]] di Armenia. Garis turunan raja-raja independen didirikan oleh [[:en:Vologases V of Parthia|Vologases II (Vagharsh II)]] pada tahun 180. Dua peristiwa penting selama pemerintahan Arsakid dalam sejarah Armenia adalah masuknya Armenia ke dalam [[Kekristenan]] melalui [[:en:Gregory the Illuminator|Gregorius "sang iluminator"]] pada tahun 301 dan penciptaan [[Alfabet Armenia]] oleh [[Santo Mesrop Mashtots|Saint Mesrob]] kira-kira pada tahun 406.
== Awal Dinasti Arsakid ==
[[Berkas:Arshakuni Armenia 150-en.svg|jmpl|Kerajaan Armenia di bawah Dinasti Arsakid, 150|230px|ka]]
Kemunculan pertama seorang Arsakid pada tahta Armenia tercatat pada tahun [[12]] [[Masehi]] ketika raja [[Parthia]] [[:en:Vonones I of Parthia|Vonones I]] diasingkan dari Parthia karena kebijakan pro-Romawi dan [[budaya Barat|budaya ''Occidental'' (budaya Barat)]].<ref>Josephus, ''Jewish Antiquities'', 18.42–47</ref> Vonones I sesaat lamanya berhasil mengambil alih tahta Armenia dengan restu Romawi, tetapi [[:en:Artabanus III (of Parthia)|Artabanus III]] menuntut deposisinya, dan karena Kaisar [[Augustus]] tidak ingin memulai perang dengan orang Parthia, ia mendeposisikan Vonones I dan mengirimkannya ke [[Siria]].<br> Artabanus III tidak membuang waktu setelah penyingkiran Vonones I; ia menobatkan putranya [[:en:Orodes of Armenia|Orodes]] pada tahta Armenia. Kaisar [[Tiberius]] tidak berniat untuk melepaskan [[:en:buffer state|status buffer]] di perbatasan Timur dan mengutus keponakan dan sekaligus ahli warisnya, [[Germanicus]], untuk membuat perjanjian dengan Artabanus III, yang mengakuinya sebagai raja dan sahabat Romawi.
[[:en:Kingdom of Armenia (Antiquity)|Armenia]] diserahkan pada tahun 18 kepada [[:en:Artaxias III|Zeno]] putra [[:en:Polemon I of Pontus|Polemon I]], dan mengambil gelar Armenia, [[:en:Artaxias III|Artaxias]] (atau "Zeno-Artaxias").<ref>Tacitus, Annals, 2.43, 2.56</ref> [[:en:Parthian Empire|Kekaisaran Parthia]] di bawah Artabanus III terlalu berfokus pada perang saudara di dalam kerajaannya, sehingga tidak menentang penunjukan raja oleh Romawi. Pemerintahan Zeno cukup damai dalam sejarah Armenia.<br> Setelah kematian Zeno pada tahun 36, Artabanus III memutuskan untuk menempatkan lagi seorang Arsakid pada tahta Armenia, memilih putra sulungnya [[:en:Arsaces I of Armenia|Arsaces I]] sebagai kandidat yang sesuai, tetapi penobatannya pada tahta Armenia digugat oleh adik laki-lakinya, Orodes, yang sebelumnya digulingkan oleh Zeno. [[Tiberius]] dengan cepat mengirimkan lebih banyak pasukan Romawi ke perbatasan dan sekali lagi, setelah damai selama satu dekade, Armenia menjadi panggung perang yang pahit antara dua adikuasa dunia saat itu dalam waktu 25 tahun berikutnya.<br>
<!--Tiberius, sent seorang [[Kerajaan Iberia|Iberia]] bernama [[:en:Mithridates of Armenia|Mithridates]], who claimed to be of Arsacid blood. Mithridates successfully subjugated Armenia to the Roman rule and deposed Arsaces inflicting huge devastation to the country. Surprisingly, Mithridates was summoned back to Rome where he was kept a prisoner, and Armenia was given back to Artabanus III who gave the throne to his younger son Orodes. Another civil war erupted in [[Parthia]] upon Artabanus III's death. In the meantime [[Mithridates of Armenia|Mithridates]] was put back on the [[Kingdom of Armenia (Antiquity)|Armenian throne]], with the help of his brother, [[:en:Pharasmanes I of Iberia|Pharasmanes I]], and Roman troops. Civil war continued in Parthia for several years with [[Gotarzes II of Parthia|Gotarzes]] eventually seizing the throne in 45.
In 51 Mithridates’ nephew [[Rhadamistus]] (a.k.a. Ghadam) invaded [[Kingdom of Armenia (Antiquity)|Armenia]] and killed his uncle. The governor of [[Cappadocia (Roman province)|Cappadocia]], Julius Pailinus, decided to conquer Armenia but he settled with the crowning of Radamistus who generously rewarded him.<br> The current Parthian King [[Vologases I of Parthia|Vologases I]], saw an opportunity, invaded Armenia and succeeded in forcing the Iberians to withdraw from Armenia. The harsh winter that followed proved too much for the Parthians who also withdrew, thus leaving open doors for Radamistus to regain his throne. After regaining power, according to [[Tacitus]], the Iberian was so cruel that the Armenians stormed the palace and forced Radamistus out of the country and [[Vologases I of Parthia|Vologases I]] get an opportunity to install his brother [[Tiridates I of Armenia|Tiridates]] on the throne.
[[Marcus Aurelius]] immediately sent [[Lucius Verus]] to the Eastern front. In 163, Verus dispatched General [[Marcus Statius Priscus|Statius Priscus]], who was recently transferred from [[Roman Britain|Britain]] along with several legions, from [[Antioch|Syrian Antioch]] to Armenia. The [[Artaxata]] army under [[Vologases IV of Parthia|Vologases IV]]' command surrendered to Roman general [[Marcus Statius Priscus|Priscus]] who installed a Roman puppet, [[Sohaemus of Armenia|Sohaemus]] (Roman senator and consul of Arsacid and Emessan ancestry), on the Armenian throne, deposing a certain [[Bakur|Pacorus]] installed by [[Vologases III of Parthia|Vologases III]].<ref>HA Marcus Antoninus 9.1, Verus 7.1; Dio Cass. 71.3.</ref>
-->
[[Berkas:Denarius-Lucius Verus-Arenia-s1537.jpg|jmpl|230px|kiri|Uang logam yang diterbitkan untuk merayakan kemenangan [[:en:Lucius Verus|Lucius Verus ''Armeniacus'']] melawan [[:en:Vologases IV of Parthia|Vologases IV]] dalam perang memperebutkan Armenia.]]
<!--
As a result of an epidemic within the Roman forces, Parthians retook most of their lost territory in 166 and forced [[Sohaemus of Armenia|Sohaemus]] to retreat to Syria.<ref>HA Verus 8.1–4; Dio Cass. 71.2.</ref> After a few intervening Roman and Parthian rulers, [[Vologases V of Parthia|Vologases II]] assumed the throne in 186. In 198 Vologases II assumed the Parthian throne and named his son Khosrov I to the Armenian throne. Khosrov I was subsequently captured by the Romans, who installed one of their own to take charge of Armenia. However the Armenians themselves revolted against their Roman overlords, and in accordance to new Rome-Parthia compromise, Khosrov I's son, Tiridates II (217–252) was made king of Armenia.
-->
== Sasaniyah dan Armenia ==
Pada tahun 224 raja Persia [[:en:Ardashir I|Ardashir I]] menggulingkan dinasti Arsakids di [[Parthia]] dan mendirikan [[Kekaisaran Sasaniyah|Dinasti Sasaniyah]] baru di [[Persia]]. Orang Sasaniyah bertekad mengembalikan kejayaan kuno [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah]] Persia (Kekaisaran Media-Persia), sehingga mereka menyatakan [[Zoroastrianisme]] sebagai agama negara dan menganggap Armenia sebagai bagian kekaisaran mereka.
<!--
To preserve the autonomy of Arsacid rule in Armenia, Tiridates II sought friendly relations with Rome. This was an unfortunate choice, because raja Sasaniyah [[Shapur I]] defeated the Romans and made peace with the emperor [[Philip the Arab|Philip]]. In 252 [[Shapur I]] invaded Armenia and forced Tiridates II to flee. After the deaths of Tiridates II and his son Khosrov II, Shapur I installed his own son Hurmazd on the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenian throne]]. When Shapur I died in 270, Hurmazd took the Persian throne and his brother [[Narseh]] ruled Armenia in his name.
-->
== Masuk Kristen ==
[[Berkas:Tiridates III of Armenia-Baptism.jpg|jmpl|[[Baptisan]] raja [[:en:Tiridates III of Armenia|Tiridates III (Trdat III)]] oleh [[:en:Gregory the Illuminator|St. Gregory the Enlightener]].]]
Pada tahun 301, [[Santo]] [[:en:Gregory the Illuminator|Gregorius "sang iluminator"]] membawa raja Tiridates III dan anggota kerajaannya masuk [[Kristen]]<ref>Academic American Encyclopedia – Page 172 by Grolier Incorporated</ref> (secara tradisional diberi tarikh 301 menurut catatan sejarawan [[:en:Mikayel Chamchian|Mikayel Chamchian]] dalam ''“Patmutiun Hayots i Skzbane Ashkharhi Minchev tsam diarn”'' (1784).<ref>Estimated dates vary from 284 to 314. 314 is the date favored by mainstream scholarship, so Garsoïan (''op.cit.'' p.82), following the research of Ananian, and Seibt (2002)</ref>
<!--
The [[Armenian alphabet]] was created by [[Saint Mesrob|Saint Mesrop Mashtots]] in 406 for the purpose of [[Bible]] translation, and [[Christianization]] as thus also marks the beginning of [[Armenian literature]].<br> According to [[Moses of Chorene|Movses Khorenatsi]], [[Isaac of Armenia]] made a translation of the Gospel from the [[Peshitta|Syriac text]] about 411. This work must have been considered imperfect, because soon afterward John of Egheghiatz and Joseph of Baghin, two of [[Saint Mesrob|Mashtotz]] students, were sent to [[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]] to translate the Biblical scriptures. They journeyed as far as [[Constantinople]], and brought back with them authentic copies of the [[Greek New Testament|Greek text]]{{disambiguation needed|date=January 2013}}. With the help of other copies obtained from [[Alexandria]] the Bible was translated again from the Greek according to the text of the [[Septuagint]] and [[Origen]]'s ''[[Hexapla]]''. This version, now used by the Armenian Church, was completed about 434.
-->
== Penurunan ==
Selama pemerintahan Tigranes VII (Tiran), Raja Sasaniyah, [[Shapur II]] menyerang Armenia. Dalam [[dekade]]-dekade selanjutnya, Armenia kembali menjadi perebutan teritori antara [[Kekaisaran Bizantin]] dan [[Kekaisaran Sasaniyah]], sampai adanya penyelesaian permanen pada tahun 387, yang tetap berlaku sampai [[:en:Arab conquest of Armenia|penyerangan Arab atas Armenia]] pada tahun 639. Para penguasa Arsakid secara terputus-putus (bersaing dengan [[:en:List of Bagratuni rulers of Armenia|pangeran-pangeran Bagratuni]]) tetap memegang kekuasaan terbatas, sebagai penjaga perbatasan (''[[:en:marzban|marzban]]'') baik di bawah Bizantin atau sebagai protektorat Persia, sampai tahun 428.
== Raja Arsakid Armenia ==
''Catatan:tarikh merupakan perkiraan atau diragukan''
* [[:en:Tiridates I of Armenia|Tiridates I]] 52–58, 62–66, secara resmi 66–88
* [[:en:Tigranes VI of Armenia|Tigranes VI]] 59-62
* [[:en:Sanatruk|Sanatruces (Sanatruk)]] 88–110
* [[:en:Axidares of Armenia|Axidares (Ashkhadar)]] 110–113 (foreign Parthian rule)
* [[:en:Parthamasiris of Armenia|Parthamasiris (Partamasir)]] 113–114 (foreign Parthian rule)
* Armenia dinyatakan sebagai sebuah [[provinsi Romawi]] oleh Kaisar Romawi, [[Trajan]], antara tahun 114-117/8
* [[:en:Vologases III of Parthia|Vologases I (Vagharsh I)]] 117/8–144
* [[:en:Sohaemus of Armenia|Sohaemus]] 144–161, 164–186
* [[:en:Bakur|Bakur]] 161–164
* [[:en:Vologases V of Parthia|Vologases II (Vagharsh II)]] 186–198
* [[:en:Khosrov I of Armenia|Khosrov I]] 198–217
* [[:en:Tiridates II of Armenia|Tiridates II]] 217-252
* [[:en:Khosrov II of Armenia|Khosrov II]] ~252
* Di bawah [[Kekaisaran Sasaniyah]] 252-287
* [[:en:Tiridates III of Armenia|Tiridates III]] 287–330
* [[:en:Khosrov III the Small|Khosrov III]] 330–339
* [[:en:Tiran of Armenia|Tigranes VII (Tiran)]] 339-~350
* [[:en:Arshak II|Arsaces II (Arshak II)]] ~350–368
* Di bawah [[Kekaisaran Sasaniyah]] 368-370
* [[:en:Pap of Armenia|Paps (Pap)]] 370-374
* [[:en:Varazdat|Varasdates (Varazdat)]] 374–378
* [[:en:Arshak III|Arsaces III (Arshak III)]] 378–387 memerintah bersama dengan [[:en:Vologases of Armenia|Vologases III (Vagharsh III)]] 378-386
* [[:en:Khosrov IV of Armenia|Khosrov IV]] 387–389
* [[:en:Vramshapuh|Vramshapuh]] 389–414
* Pemerintahan independen lokal 414-422
* [[:en:Artaxias IV|Artaxias IV (Artashir IV)]] 422–428
== Lihat pula ==
* [[:en:List of Armenian kings|Daftar raja Armenia]]
* [[:en:Armenian nobility|Bangsawan Armenia]]
* [[Sejarah Kekristenan]]
| 