Badan Intelijen Pusat: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 51:
CIA memiliki tiga aktivitas utama, yaitu mengumpulkan informasi seputar pemerintah asing, perusahaan, dan individu; menganalisis informasi tersebut beserta hasil intelijen dari badan intelijen A.S. lainnya untuk menghasilkan [[penilaian intelijen]] [[keamanan nasional]] yang diajukan kepada para [[politikus|pembuat kebijakan]] senior Amerika Serikat; dan melaksanakan atau mengawasi [[operasi tertutup|aktivitas tertutup]] dan beberapa operasi taktis oleh karyawannya sendiri, anggota militer A.S., atau rekan lainnya atas permintaan Presiden Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.howstuffworks.com/cia.htm|author=Caroline Wilbert|title=How the CIA Works|publisher=HowStuffWorks|accessdate=2011-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2011/10/brennan_ctr_report.html |title=Reducing Overclassification Through Accountability |last=Aftergood |first=Steven |publisher=Federation of American Scientists Secrecy News |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=February 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Bob|last=Woodward|authorlink=Bob Woodward|date=November 18, 2001|title=Secret CIA Units Playing Central Combat Role|work=Washington Post|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/CIA18.html|accessdate=February 26, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-p/paraguay.html | title = World Leaders-Paraguay | publisher = United States Central Intelligence Agency | accessdate = 2011-04-14 | archive-date = 2010-05-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528053421/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-p/paraguay.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4289224.stm|title = Spotlight on US troops in Paraguay|accessdate = 2011-04-18|work=BBC News|first=Charlotte|last=Eimer|date=September 28, 2005}}</ref> Misalnya, CIA bisa memiliki pengaruh politik luar negeri melalui divisi-divisi taktisnya seperti [[Special Activities Division]].<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/oct/23/mainsection.tomphillips|title = Paraguay in a spin about Bush's alleged 100,000 acre hideaway|accessdate = 2011-04-18|location=London|work=The Guardian|first=Tom|last=Phillips|date=October 23, 2006}}</ref>
[[George Bush Center for Intelligence|Markas CIA]] terletak di [[Langley, Virginia]], beberapa mil di sebelah barat Washington, D.C.<ref name="CDPmap">[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US5148376&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on "McLean CDP, Virginia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430122937/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US5148376&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on |date=2011-04-30 }}. [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on September 1, 2009.</ref> Karyawan-karyawannya bekerja di kedutaan A.S. dan sejumlah lokasi lain di seluruh dunia.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20061107055655/http://www.afa.org/magazine/Aug2006/0806presence.asp | title = Presence, not Performance | publisher = United States Airforce Magazine Online | accessdate = April 25, 2011 | archive-date = 2006-11-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061107055655/http://www.afa.org/magazine/Aug2006/0806presence.asp | dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20061107135112/www.afa.org/magazine/Aug2006/0806presence.pdf | title = PRESENCE, Not Performance | author = Adam J. Hebert | publisher = www.afa.org | accessdate = 2011-04-26 | archive-date = 2006-11-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061107135112/http://www.afa.org/magazine/Aug2006/0806presence.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>
CIA menggantikan [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) yang dibentuk pada [[Perang Dunia II]] untuk mengoordinasikan aktivitas spionase rahasia [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat]] melawan [[kekuatan Poros]]. [https://m.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Undang-Undang_Keamanan_Nasional_1947 National Security Act of 1947] meresmikan keberadaan CIA dan "menghapus fungsi polisi atau penegakan hukum di dalam maupun luar negeri".<ref name=Kinzer>{{Cite book
Baris 119:
|url=http://www.international.ucla.edu/burkle/news/article.asp?parentid=78595
|title=The CIA's license to fail
|first=Amy B.
|last=Zegart |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]
|date=September 23, 2007
|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121215042650/http://www.international.ucla.edu/burkle/news/article.asp?parentid=78595
|archiveurl=https://archive.is/B9BJ|archivedate=December 15, 2012}}</ref> Laksamana Muda [[Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter]] ditunjuk sebagai Direktur Central Intelligence pertama. Salah satu operasi rahasia pertama yang berhasil dipimpinnya adalah bantuan bagi Partai [[Demokrat Kristen]] di Italia.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Zh1VtsxRlRAC ''American visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia: US foreign policy and Indonesian nationalism, 1920–1949''], Frances Gouda, Thijs Brocades Zaalberg. Amsterdam University Press, 2002. ISBN 90-5356-479-9, ISBN 978-90-5356-479-0. p. 365</ref>▼
|archivedate=2012-12-15
|access-date=2013-08-01
|dead-url=no
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[[Berkas:Cia-lobby-seal.jpg|jmpl|250px|Lambang CIA berdiameter {{convert|16|ft|m|0|sing=on}} di lobi Original Headquarters Building.]]
Baris 131 ⟶ 136:
|at=Document 292, Section 5
|accessdate=2008-07-04
|archiveurl=https://archive.
|archivedate=2012-12-14
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>
Tahun 1949, [[Central Intelligence Agency Act]] ([[Hukum publik]] 81-110) mengizinkan CIA memakai prosedur fiskal dan administratif rahasia dan mengecualikan lembaganya dari sebagian besar batas pemakaian dana Federal. Peraturan ini juga tidak mewajibkan CIA mengungkap "organisasi, fungsi, pejabat, jabatan, gaji, atau jumlah karyawannya." CIA Act menciptakan program "PL-110" untuk menangani para pembelot dan "orang asing penting" lainnya yang berada di luar prodsedur imigrasi normal, serta memberikan [[penyamaran|kehidupan samaran]] dan bantuan ekonomi kepada mereka.<ref name = "GEORGE">{{cite web
Baris 247 ⟶ 255:
Serangan sekaligus penggeledahan ini mengungkap banyak data intelijen seputar rencana serangan al-Qaeda.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intelligence break led to bin Laden's hide-out|first= Bill|last=Gertz|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/may/2/intelligence-break-led-to-bin-ladens-hide-out/|newspaper=[[The Washington Times]]|date=May 2, 2011|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schwartz |first1=Mathew J. |date=May 5, 2011 |title=Cracking Bin Laden's Hard Drives |journal=[[InformationWeek]] |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/security/encryption/229402923 |accessdate=August 20, 2011 |archive-date=2011-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813122132/http://www.informationweek.com/news/security/encryption/229402923 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Osama bin Laden dead: CIA paramilitaries and elite Navy SEAL killed Al Qaeda leader|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-05-02/news/29496213_1_cargo-planes-last-fall-al-qaida-franchise-bin|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=May 2, 2011|accessdate=August 19, 2011|archiveurl=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:XIkKZ51vRRkJ:http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-05-02/news/29496213_1_cargo-planes-last-fall-al-qaida-franchise-bin+cargo%20planes%20last%20fall%20al%20qaida%20franchise&hl=en|archivedate=June 29, 2011}}{{Dead link|date=August 2011}}</ref>
Operasi ini adalah hasil dari kinerja intelijen selama beberapa tahun yang melibatkan penangkapan dan interogasi Khalid Sheikh Mohammad (KSM) oleh CIA, yang berujung pada pengungkapan identitas kurir Bin Laden,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42859770/ns/world_news-death_of_bin_laden/ |title=Counterterrorism chief declares al-Qaida 'in the past' |date=May 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]] |accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/al-qaeda/8490886/Osama-bin-Laden-dead-trusted-courier-led-US-special-forces-to-hideout.html|location=London|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Tim|last=Ross|title=Osama bin Laden dead: trusted courier led US special forces to hideout|date=May 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/OPINION/05/04/borger.torture.debate/index.html?eref=rss_topstories|work=CNN|title=Debate rages about role of torture|date=May 20, 2011}}</ref> pelacakan kurir tersebut ke rumahnya oleh agen paramiliter [[Special Activities Division]], dan penetapan rumah persembunyian CIA untuk menyediakan intelijen taktis yang kritis demi kelancaran operasi ini.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/03/world/asia/03intel.html?src=ISMR_AP_LO_MST_FB|work=[[The New York Times]]|first1=Mark|last1=Mazzetti|first2=Helene|last2=Cooper|first3=Peter|last3=Baker|title=Clues Gradually Led to the Location of Osama bin Laden|date=May 2, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20060479-503543.html|publisher=[[CBS News]]|title=Pakistan rattled by news of CIA safe house in Abbottabad|date=May 6, 2011|archiveurl=https://archive.
== Struktur organisasi ==
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