Kemarahan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Dampak ==
=== Kesehatan ===
Kemarahan kronis yang berlebihan dan permusuhan telah lama diketahui berperan dalam penyebab [[penyakit jantung koroner]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kubzansky|first=Laura D|last2=Winning|first2=Ashley|date=2016|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/950202673|title=Handbook of emotions|location=New York|publisher=The Guildford Press|isbn=978-1-4625-2534-8|editor-last=Barrett|editor-first=Lisa Feldman|edition=Fourth edition|pages=620|others=|chapter=Emotions and health|oclc=950202673|quote=Chronic anger and hostility have long been implicated in the etiology of CHD (p. 620).|editor-last2=Lewis|editor-first2=Michael|editor-last3=Haviland-Jones|editor-first3=Jeannette M|url-status=live}}</ref> Hasil tinjauan metanalisis menunjukkan kemarahan dan permusuhan berhubungan dengan peningkatakan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner pada individu sehat dan [[prognosis]] yang lebih buruk pada individu dengan penyakit jantung koroner.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chida|first=Yoichi|last2=Steptoe|first2=Andrew|date=2009-03|title=The Association of Anger and Hostility With Future Coronary Heart Disease|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109708041259|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|language=en|volume=53|issue=11|pages=936–946|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.044|quote=...anger and hostility are significantly associated not only with increased CHD events in initially healthy populations but also poor prognosis in the patients with existing CHD (p. 943).}}</ref> Tinjauan lain menemukan temperamen marah individu (bukan emosi marah yang muncul akibat stimulus tertentu) lebih mendorong risiko untuk mengalami serangan jantung bagi individu paruh baya yang sehat.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=Janice E.|last2=Nieto|first2=F. Javier|last3=Sanford|first3=Catherine P.|last4=Tyroler|first4=Herman A.|date=2001-08-01|title=Effects of an Angry Temperament on Coronary Heart Disease Risk : The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/154.3.230|journal=American Journal of Epidemiology|volume=154|issue=3|pages=230–235|doi=10.1093/aje/154.3.230|issn=0002-9262|quote=..a strong, angry temperament predisposes middle-aged, normotensive persons to a significantly greater risk of MI or sudden cardiac death than anger aroused in reaction to more circumscribed stimuli, e.g., frustration, criticism, or unfair treatment (p. 234).}}</ref> Meskipun demikian, hubungan antara kemarahan dan penyakit jantung koroner mungkin lebih disebabkan oleh perilaku tidak sehat akibat kemarahan daripada dampak langsung dari kemarahan itu sendiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chida|first=Yoichi|last2=Steptoe|first2=Andrew|date=2009-03|title=The Association of Anger and Hostility With Future Coronary Heart Disease|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109708041259|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|language=en|volume=53|issue=11|pages=936–946|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.044|quote=If anger and hostility do influence CHD risk, effects might be primarily mediated via behavioral pathways, with anger and hostility promoting high-risk behaviors ... the apparently harmful effects of anger and hostility on CHD were no longer significant in either the healthy or disease populations after fully controlling for behavioral covariates such as smoking, physical activity... (p. 943)}}</ref>
=== Marah dan Hubungan Pernikahan ===
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