Aseksualitas: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[File:Kinsey Scale.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Kinsey scale|Skala Kinsey]] ofmengenai sexualrespon responsesseksual, indicatingyang degreesmemperlihatkan oftingkat [[sexual orientation|orientasi seksual]]. TheSkala originalaslinya scalemeliputi included a designation ofpenamaan "X", indicatingyang amengindikasikan lackkurangnya of sexualperilaku behaviorseksual.<ref name="Lehmiller">{{cite book|author=Justin J. Lehmiller|title=The Psychology of Human Sexuality|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|isbn=978-1119164708|page=250|date=2017|access-date=November 29, 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ytk5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT250|archive-date=March 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320135007/https://books.google.com/books?id=ytk5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT250|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Sebagian besar akademisi menyetujui aseksualitas itu langa, hanya meliputi 1% atau kurang dari populasi.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Etaugh|first1=Claire A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_SA6DwAAQBAJ|title=Women's Lives: A Psychological Exploration, Fourth Edition|last2=Bridges|first2=Judith S.|date=2017-10-16|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-315-44938-8|language=en|access-date=June 25, 2021|archive-date=March 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309223641/https://books.google.com/books?id=_SA6DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Aseksualitas bukan aspek baru dari seksualitas manusia, tpai secara relatif baru bagi wacana publik.<ref name="Sesmith">{{Cite news |first=S.&nbsp;E. |last=Smith |title=Asexuality always existed, you just didn't notice it |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 21, 2012 |access-date=March 11, 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/21/asexuality-always-existed-asexual |archive-date=April 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408115642/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/21/asexuality-always-existed-asexual |url-status=live }}</ref> Sebagai perbandingan dengan seksualitas lainnya, aseksualitas telah menerima sedikit perhatian dari komunitas ilmuwab, dengan informasi kuantitatif mengenai kelaziman rendahnya jumlah aseksualitas.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=LeBreton|first=Marianne E.|year=2014|editor-last=Bogaert|editor-first=Anthony F.|title=Understanding Asexuality|journal=QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking|volume=1|issue=3|pages=175–177|doi=10.14321/qed.1.3.0175|jstor=10.14321/qed.1.3.0175|issn=2327-1574}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Poston|first1=Dudley L.|last2=Baumle|first2=Amanda K.|year=2010|title=Patterns of asexuality in the United States|journal=Demographic Research|volume=23|pages=509–530|doi=10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.18|jstor=26349603|issn=1435-9871|doi-access=free}}</ref> S.&nbsp; E. Smith ofdari ''[[The Guardian]]'' istidak notyakin sureaseksualitas asexuality has actually increasedmeningkat, rathermalah leaningcenderung towardske thearah beliefkeyakinan thatyang itsekadar islebih simply more visibleterlihat.<ref name="Sesmith" /> [[Alfred Kinsey]] ratedmemberi individualsnilai fromindividu dari 0 tosampai 6 accordingmenurut toorientasi theirseksual sexualmereka orientationdari fromheteroseksual heterosexualsampai to homosexualhomoseksual, knownyang asdikenal thesebagai [[Kinsey scale|skala Kinsey]]. HeDia alsojuga includedmemasukkan akategori categoryyang he calleddisebut "X" foruntuk individualsindividu withyang "notidak socio-sexualmemiliki kontak seksual contactsatau ortanpa reactionsreaksi."<ref name="Kinsey-male">{{Cite book|first=Alfred C.|last=Kinsey|year=1948|title=Sexual Behavior in the Human Male|publisher=W.B. Saunders|isbn=978-0-253-33412-1}}</ref><ref name="Kinsey-female">{{Cite book|first=Alfred C.|last=Kinsey|year=1953|title=Sexual Behavior in the Human Female|publisher=W.B. Saunders|isbn=978-0-253-33411-4}}</ref> Although,Meskipun indalam zaman modern times, this isini categorizeddikategorikan assebagai representingperwakilan asexualityaseksualitas,<ref name="Stange">{{cite book|author1=Mary Zeiss Stange|author2=Carol K. Oyster|author3=Jane E. Sloan|title=Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bOkPjFQoBj8C&pg=PA158|access-date=July 27, 2013|date=February 23, 2011|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1-4129-7685-5|page=158|archive-date=September 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914220425/https://books.google.com/books?id=bOkPjFQoBj8C&pg=PA158|url-status=live}}</ref> scholarakademisi [[Justin J. Lehmiller]] statedmenyatakan, "the KinseyKlasifikasi X classificationKinsey emphasizedmenggarisbawahi akurangnya lackperilaku of sexual behaviorseksual, whereassementara thedefinisi modern definitionaseksualitas ofmenggarisbawahi asexualitykurangnya emphasizesketertarikan a lack of sexual attractionseksual. As suchKarenanya, theSkala Kinsey Scalemungkin maytidak notcukup beakurat sufficientmengklasifikasi for accurate classification of asexualityaseksualitas."<ref name="Lehmiller"/> Kinsey labeledmelabeli 1.5% oforang thedewasa adultlaki-laki maledari populationpopulasi assebagai ''X''.<ref name="Kinsey-male"/><ref name="Kinsey-female"/> InDalam hisbuku second bookkeduanya, ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female'', he(Perilaku reportedSeksual thispada breakdownManusia ofPerempuan), dia melaporkan rincian individualsindividu whoyang aremerupakan X: unmarriedperempuan femalestak menikah = 14–19%, marriedperempuan femalesmenikah = 1–3%, previouslyperempuan marriedpernah femalesmenikah = 5–8%, unmarriedlaki-laki tidak malesmenikah = 3–4%, marriedlaki-laki malesmenikah = 0%, anddan previouslylaki-laki marriedpernah malesmenikah = 1–2%.<ref name="Kinsey-female" />

FurtherData empiricalempiris datayang aboutlebih anjauh asexualmengenai demographicdemografi appearedaseksual inmuncul pada tahun 1994, whenketika asebuah researchtim teampenelitian indi theBritania UnitedRaya Kingdommenjalankan carriedsebuah outsurvei akomprehensif comprehensive survey ofterhadap 18,.876 Britishpenduduk residentsInggris, spurredyang bydidorong theoleh needkebutuhan formengenai sexualinformasi information in the wake ofseksual thesetelah [[Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS|AIDSpandemi pandemicAIDS]]. TheSurvey surveytersebut includedmeliputi apertanyaan questionmengenai onketertarikan sexual attractionseksual, toyang whichdijawab oleh 1.05% ofresponden thedengan respondentsmereka replied"tidak thatpernah theymerasakan hadketertarikan "never felt sexuallysecara attractedseksual topada anyonesiapapun atsama allsekali".<ref>Wellings, K. (1994). ''Sexual Behaviour in Britain: The National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles.'' [[Penguin Books]].</ref> TheKajian studyfenomena ofini thisdilanjutkan phenomenonoleh waspeneliti continued by Canadian sexuality researcherKanada, [[Anthony Bogaert]] indi tahun 2004, whoyang exploredmengeksplorasi thedemografi asexualaseksual demographicdalam insebuah arangkaian serieskajian. of studies.Penelitian Bogaert's researchmengindikasikan indicated thatbahwa 1% of the British populationpopulasi doesInggris nottidak experiencemengalami sexualketertarikam attractionseksual, buttapi hedia believedmeyakini thatbahwa theangka 1% figurebukan wasmerupakan notrefleksi anakurat accuratedari reflectionpersentase ofpopulasi theyang likelykemungkinan muchjauh largerlebih percentagebesar ofyang thedapat populationdiidentifikasi thatsebagai couldaseksual, bedengan identifiedcatatan as asexual, noting thatbahwa 30% oforang peopleyang contacteddikontak foruntuk thesurvei initialawal surveymemilih choseuntuk nottidak toberpartisipasi participatedalam in thesurvei surveyini. SinceKarena lessorang-orang sexuallyyang experiencedpengalaman peopleseksualnya arekurang moremenolak likelyberpartisipasi todalam refusekajian tomengenai participate in studies about sexualityseksualitas, anddan asexualsaseksual tendcenderung tokurang bemendapat lesspengalaman sexuallyseksual experienceddaripada thanorang-orang sexualsseksual, itkemungkinan isaseksual likelykurang thatterwakili asexualsdalam werepartisipasi under-represented in the responding participantsresponden. TheKajian sameyang studysama foundmenemukan thejumlah numberhomoseksual ofdan homosexualsbiseksual anddikombinasikan bisexuals combined to be aboutsekitar 1.1% of thedari populationpopulasi, whichyang isjauh muchlebih smallerkecil thandibanding otheryang studiesdiindikasikan oleh kajian-kajian indicatelainnya.<ref name="Bogaert2006" /><ref name = Bogaert2004>{{cite journal|last=Bogaert|first=Anthony F. |s2cid=41057104 |year=2004 |title=Asexuality: prevalence and associated factors in a national probability sample |journal=[[Journal of Sex Research]] |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=279–87|pmid=15497056 |doi=10.1080/00224490409552235}}</ref>

ContrastingBertentangan Bogaert'sdengan angka 1% figureBogaert, asebuah studykajian byoleh Aicken et al., publishedyang indipublikasikan pada tahun 2013, suggestsmengemukakan thatbahwa, basedberdasarkan data on Natsal-2 datadari fromtahun 2000 tosampai 2001, thekelaziman prevalenceaseksualitas of asexuality in Britaindi isInggris onlyhanya 0.4% foruntuk therentang age rangeusia 16–44.<ref name="Fischer"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title = Who reports absence of sexual attraction in Britain? Evidence from national probability surveys|journal = Psychology & Sexuality|date = 2013-05-01|issn = 1941-9899|pages = 121–135|volume = 4|issue = 2|doi = 10.1080/19419899.2013.774161|first1 = Catherine R. H.|last1 = Aicken|first2 = Catherine H.|last2 = Mercer|first3 = Jackie A.|last3 = Cassell|s2cid = 62275856|url = http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1301794/|access-date = October 14, 2018|archive-date = September 23, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190923043744/http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1301794/|url-status = live}}</ref> ThisPersentase percentageini indicatesmengindikasikan apenurunan decreasedari from theangka 0.9% figureyang determinedditentukan fromdari thedata Natsal-1 datayang collecteddikumpulkan ondari therentang sameusia age-rangeyang asama decadesatu earlierdasawarsa sebelumnya.<ref name=":0" /> AAnalisis 2015yang analysisdilakukan bytahun 2015 oleh Bogaert alsojuga foundmenemukan apenurunan similaryang declinesama betweenantara thedata Natsal-1 anddan Natsal-2 data.<ref name="bogaert2015" /> Aicken, Mercer, anddan Cassell foundmenemukan somebeberapa evidencebukti ofperbedaan ethnicetnik differencesdi amongantara respondentspara whoresponden hadyang nottidak experiencedmengalami sexualketertarikan attractionseksual; bothbaik menlaki-laki andmaupun womenperempuan ofasal IndianIndia anddan PakistaniPakistan originmemiliki hadkemungkinan alebih highertinggi likelihoodmelaporkan ofkekurangan reportingketertarikan a lack of sexual attractionseksual.<ref name=":0" />

InDalam asebuah surveysurvei conductedyang bydilakukan oleh [[YouGov]] indi tahun 2015, 1,.632 Britishpenduduk adultsInggris weredewasa askeddiminta tountuk tryberusaha tomenempatkan placediri themselvesmereka ondalam theskala Kinsey scale. 1% ofpeserta participants answeredmenjawab "NoTanpa sexualityseksualitas". The breakdown ofPerincian participantspesertanya wasadalah 0% menlaki-laki, 2% womenperempuan; 1% acrossmelintasi allsemua agerentang rangesusia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/lifestyle/articles-reports/2015/08/16/half-young-not-heterosexual |title=1 in 2 young people say they are not 100% heterosexual |at=See the full poll results |date=2015-08-16 |format=PDF |access-date=2018-12-31 |archive-date=April 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409173050/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/lifestyle/articles-reports/2015/08/16/half-young-not-heterosexual |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== SexualOrientasi orientationseksual, mentalkesehataan healthmental, anddan causepenyebab ===

ThereAda isperdebatan significantbesar debatemengenai overapakah whetheraseksualitas ormerupakan notorientasi asexuality is a sexual orientationseksual.<ref name="Sex and society"/><ref name="Bogaert 2015"/> ItAseksualitas hastelah beendibandingkan compareddan anddisamakan equated withdengan [[hypoactive sexual desire disorder|hypoactive sexual desire disorder/kekacauan hasrat seksual hipoaktif]] (HSDD), inbahwa thatkeduanya bothmengimplikasikan implykekurangan aketertarikan generalseksual lack of sexualsecara attractionumum topada anyonesiapapun; HSDD hastelah beendipergunakan useduntuk tosecara [[medicalize]]medis merawat asexualityaseksualitas, buttapi asexualityaseksualitas issecara generallyumum nottidak considereddianggap asebagai disorderkekacauan or aatau [[sexual dysfunction|disfungsi seksual]] (such asseperti [[anorgasmia]], [[anhedonia]], etcdll.), becausekarena itaseksualitas doestidak notberarti necessarilymendifinisikan defineseseorang someonememiliki asmasalah havingmedis aatau medicalmasalah problemyang orberhubungan problemsdengan relatingorang tolain otherssecara sociallysosial.<ref name="DePaulo"/><ref name="Richards and Barker"/><ref name="Reconsidering Asexuality">{{cite journal|last=Chasin|first=CJ DeLuzio|title=Reconsidering Asexuality and Its Radical Potential|journal=Feminist Studies|year=2013|volume=39|issue=2|page=405|doi=10.1353/fem.2013.0054|s2cid=147025548|url=http://cj.chasin.ca/Chasin_Reconsidering.Asexuality_FS.Vol39.2_2013.pdf|access-date=April 29, 2014|archive-date=March 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303164252/http://cj.chasin.ca/Chasin_Reconsidering.Asexuality_FS.Vol39.2_2013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> UnlikeTak peopleseperti withorang yang memiliki HSDD, asexualorang-orang peopleaseksual secara normallynormal<!--NOTE: "Normally" is used because, as the source a little lower shows, some people who identify as asexual experience these disorders. --> dotidak not experiencemengalami "markedpenanda distresskesulitan" anddan "interpersonalkesulitan difficultyantarpersonal" concerningberkaitan dengan feelingsperasaan aboutmengenai theirseksualitas sexualitymereka,<!--NOTE: "Concerning feelings about their sexuality" is used because a person may experience one of these disorders regardless of their sexuality.--> or generally a lack of [[sexual arousal]]; asexuality is considered the lack or absence of sexual attraction as a life-enduring characteristic.<ref name="Bogaert2006"/><ref name="Richards and Barker"/> One study found that, compared to HSDD subjects, asexuals reported lower levels of [[sexual desire]], sexual experience, sex-related distress and [[Depression (mood)|depressive]] symptoms.<ref name="brotto2015">{{cite journal | author1 = Brotto, L. A. |author2=Yule, M. A. |author3=Gorzalka, B..B. |s2cid=30504509 | year = 2015 | title = Asexuality: An Extreme Variant of Sexual Desire Disorder? | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | doi=10.1111/jsm.12806 |pmid=25545124 | volume=12 | issue = 3 | pages=646–660}}</ref> Researchers Richards and Barker report that asexuals do not have disproportionate rates of [[alexithymia]], depression, or [[personality disorder]]s.<!--NOTE: The "social withdrawal" part is left out because of conflicting information on that matter, as was discussed in the "Mental health" section on the Asexuality talk page. --><ref name="Richards and Barker"/> Some people, however, may identify as asexual even if their non-sexual state is explained by one or more of the aforementioned disorders.<ref name="Cerankowski and Milks 2">{{cite book|author=Karli June Cerankowski|author2=Megan Milks|title=Asexualities: Feminist and Queer Perspectives|isbn=978-1-134-69253-8|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2014|page=246|access-date=July 3, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XbgTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT246|archive-date=September 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912115307/https://books.google.com/books?id=XbgTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT246|url-status=live}}</ref>