Aseksualitas: Perbedaan antara revisi

Ada perdebatan besar mengenai apakah aseksualitas merupakan orientasi seksual.<ref name="Sex and society"/><ref name="Bogaert 2015"/> Aseksualitas telah dibandingkan dan disamakan dengan [[hypoactive sexual desire disorder|hypoactive sexual desire disorder/kekacauangangguan hasrat seksual hipoaktif]] (HSDD), bahwa keduanya mengimplikasikan kekurangan ketertarikan seksual secara umum pada siapapun; HSDD telah dipergunakan untuk secara medis merawat aseksualitas, tapi aseksualitas secara umum tidak dianggap sebagai kekacauangangguan atau [[sexual dysfunction|disfungsi seksual]] (seperti [[anorgasmia]], [[anhedonia]], dll.), karena aseksualitas tidak berarti mendifinisikan seseorang memiliki masalah medis atau masalah yang berhubungan dengan orang lain secara sosial.<ref name="DePaulo"/><ref name="Richards and Barker"/><ref name="Reconsidering Asexuality">{{cite journal|last=Chasin|first=CJ DeLuzio|title=Reconsidering Asexuality and Its Radical Potential|journal=Feminist Studies|year=2013|volume=39|issue=2|page=405|doi=10.1353/fem.2013.0054|s2cid=147025548|url=http://cj.chasin.ca/Chasin_Reconsidering.Asexuality_FS.Vol39.2_2013.pdf|access-date=April 29, 2014|archive-date=March 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303164252/http://cj.chasin.ca/Chasin_Reconsidering.Asexuality_FS.Vol39.2_2013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Tak seperti orang yang memiliki HSDD, orang-orang aseksual secara normal<!--NOTECATATAN: "NormallySecara normal" isdipergunakan useddi becausesini karena, asseperti theyang sourcediperlihatkan asumber littledi lowerbawah showsini, somesebagian peopleorang whoyang identifymengidentifikasi asdiri asexualsebagai experienceaseksual thesemengalami gangguan seperti disordersini. --> tidak mengalami "penanda kesulitan" dan "kesulitanpenderitaan antarpersonal" berkaitan dengan perasaan mengenaiterhadap seksualitas mereka,<!--NOTECATATAN: "ConcerningMengenai feelingsperasaan aboutterhadap theirseksualitas sexualitymereka" isdipergunakan useddi becausesini akarena personseseorang maymungkin experiencemengalami onesalah ofsatu thesedari disordersgangguan-gangguan regardlessini, ofapapun theirseksualitas sexualitymereka.--> oratau generallysecara aumum lack ofkekurangan [[sexual arousal|gairah seksual]]; asexualityaseksualitas isdianggap consideredkekurangan theatau lackketiadaan orketertarikan absenceseksual ofsebagai sexualkarakteristik attractionyang asditanggung a life-enduringselama characteristichidup.<ref name="Bogaert2006"/><ref name="Richards and Barker"/> OneSalah studysatu foundkajian thatmenemukan bahwa, compareddibandingkan todengan HSDDsubjek subjectsHSDD, asexualsaseksual reportedmelaporkan lowertingkat levelsyang oflebih rendah dari [[sexual desire|hasrat seksual]], sexualpengalaman experienceseksual, sex-relatedpenderitaan distressyang andberkenaan dengan seks, dan gejala-gejala [[Depression (mood)|depressivedepresif]] symptoms.<ref name="brotto2015">{{cite journal | author1 = Brotto, L. A. |author2=Yule, M. A. |author3=Gorzalka, B..B. |s2cid=30504509 | year = 2015 | title = Asexuality: An Extreme Variant of Sexual Desire Disorder? | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | doi=10.1111/jsm.12806 |pmid=25545124 | volume=12 | issue = 3 | pages=646–660}}</ref> ResearchersPeneliti Richards anddan Barker reportmelaporkan thatbahwa asexualsaseksualitas dotidak notmemiliki have disproportionate rates ofkadar [[alexithymia]], depressiondepresi, oratau [[personality disorder|gangguan kepribadian]]s.<!--NOTECATATAN: TheBagian "socialmenarik withdrawal"diri partsecara issosial" lefttidak outdisertakan becausekarena ofinformasi conflictingyang informationbertentangan ondalam thathal matteritu, asyang wasdidiskusikan discusseddalam in thebagian "MentalKesehatan healthmental" sectiondi onhalaman thebicara AsexualityAseksualitas talk(versi pagebahasa Inggris). --><ref name="Richards and Barker"/> Some peopleNamun, however,sebagian mayorang identifymungkin asmengidentifikasi asexualdiri evenaseksual ifmeskipun theirkondisi non-sexualnonseksual statemereka isdijelaskan explainedoleh bysalah onesatu oratau morelebih ofgangguan yang thedisebut aforementioneddi disordersatas.<ref name="Cerankowski and Milks 2">{{cite book|author=Karli June Cerankowski|author2=Megan Milks|title=Asexualities: Feminist and Queer Perspectives|isbn=978-1-134-69253-8|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2014|page=246|access-date=July 3, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XbgTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT246|archive-date=September 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912115307/https://books.google.com/books?id=XbgTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT246|url-status=live}}</ref>

TheKajian firstpertama studyyang thatmemberikan gavedata empiricalempiris datamengenai aboutaseksual asexualsditerbitkan waspada published intahun 1983 byyang ditulis oleh Paula Nurius, concerningmengenai thehubungan relationshipantara betweenorientasi sexualseksual orientationdan andkesehatan mental health.<ref name="Ruspini">{{cite book|author=Elisabetta Ruspini|author2=Megan Milks|title=Diversity in family life|isbn=978-1447300939|publisher=[[Policy Press]]|year=2013|pages=35–36|access-date=January 4, 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AjMbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA35|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726100946/https://books.google.com/books?id=AjMbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA35|url-status=live}}</ref> 689 subjects—mostsubjek—sebagian ofbesar whommerupakan weremahasiswa studentsdari atberbagai variousuniversitas universitiesdi inAmerika theSerikat Unitedyang Statessedang takingmempelajari psychologykelas-kelas orpsikologi sociologyatau classes—weresosiologi—diberi givenbeberapa several surveyssurvei, includingtermasuk fourempat clinicalskala well-beingkesehatan diri scalesklinis. ResultsHasilnya showedmemperlihatkan thataseksual asexualslebih weremungkin morememiliki likelyharga todiri haveyang lowrendah self-esteemdan andlebih moremungkin likelymengalami todepresi bedaripada depressedanggota thanorientasi membersseksual of other sexual orientationslainnya; 25.88% ofdari heterosexualsheteroseksual, 26.54% bisexualsbiseksuals (calledyang juga disebut "ambisexualsambiseksual"), 29.88% of homosexualshomoseksual, anddan 33.57% ofaseksual asexualsyang weredilaporkan reportedbermasalah todengan haveharga problemsdiri. withKecenderungan self-esteem.yang Asama similarjuga trendmuncul existedbagi for depressiondepresi. Nurius did not believe that firmtidak conclusionspercaya cankesmpulan betegas drawndapat fromditarik thisdari forhal aini varietykarena ofberbagai reasonsalasan.<ref name="Ruspini"/><ref name="Nurius">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/00224498309551174 | last1 = Nurius | first1 = Paula | year = 1983| title = Mental Health Implications of Sexual Orientation | journal = The Journal of Sex Research | volume = 19 | issue = 2| pages = 119–136 }}</ref>

InDalam akajian 2013tahun study2013, Yule et al. lookedmelihat intovariasi mentalkesehatan healthmental variancesantara betweenKaukasia Caucasianyang heterosexualsheteroseksual, homosexualshomoseksual, bisexualsbiseksual, anddan asexualsaseksual. TheHasilnya resultsdari ofpeserta 203 malelaki-laki anddan 603 femaleperempuan participantstermasuk weredalam included in the findingstemuan-temuannya. Yule et al. foundmenemukan thatpeserta asexuallaki-laki maleaseksual participantslebih weremungkin moredilaporkan likelymengalami togangguan reportsuasana havinghati adaripada moodlaki-laki disorder than other maleslainnya, particularlykhususnya inbila comparisondibandingkan todengan thepeserta heterosexual participantsheteroseksual. TheHal sameyang wassama foundjuga forditemukan femalepada asexualpeserta participantsperempuan overaseksual theirdibanding heterosexualdengan counterpartsyang heteroseksual; howevernamun, non-asexual,perempuan non-heterosexualnonaseksual femalesdan hadnonhetereseksual thememiliki highestangka ratestertinggi. AsexualPeserta participantsaseksual ofdari bothkedua sexesjenis werekelamin morelebih likelymungkin tomemiliki havegangguan anxietykecemasan disordersdaripada thanpeserta heterosexualheteroseksual anddan non-heterosexual participantsnonheteroseksual, askarena weremereka theylebih moremungkin likelydaripada thanpeserta heterosexualheteroseksual participants todilaporkan reportmemiliki havingperasaan hadbunuh recentdiri suicidaldalam feelingswaktu yang belum lama berlalu. Yule et al. hypothesizedmengajukan thathipotesis somebahwa ofsebagian thesedari differencesperbedaan mayini bemungkin duekarena todiskriminasi discriminationdan and otherfaktor-faktor societalsosial factorslainnya.<ref name=":3">{{cite journal | last1 = Yule | first1 = Morag A. | last2 = Brotto | first2 = Lori A. | last3 = Gorzalka | first3 = Boris B. | s2cid = 147120909 | year = 2013 | title = Mental Health and Interpersonal Functioning in Self-Identified Asexual Men and Women | journal = Psychology & Sexuality | volume = 4 | issue = 2| pages = 136–151 | doi = 10.1080/19419899.2013.774162 }}</ref>

WithBerkenaan regarddengan tokategori sexualorientasi orientation categoriesseksual, asexualityaseksualitas maymungkin bediperdebatkan arguedbukan asmerupakan notkategori beingyang aberarti meaningfuluntuk category to add toditambahkan thepada continuumrangkaiannya, anddan insteadmalah argueddiperdebatkan assebagai thekekurangan lackorientasi ofseksual aatau sexual orientation or sexualityseksualitas.<ref name="Bogaert 2015"/> OtherArgumen argumentslainnya proposeberpendapat thatbahwa asexualityaseksualitas ismerupakan thepenyangkalan denialseksualitas ofalami one's natural sexualityseseorang, anddan thatmerupakan itgangguan isyang adisebabkan disorderoleh causedrasa bymalu shameterhadap of sexualityseksualitas, anxietykecemasan oratau [[sexual abuse|pelecehan seksual]], sometimesterkadang basingmendasarkan thiskeyakinan beliefini onpada asexualsaseksual whoyang masturbatebermasturbasi oratau occasionallysesekali engageterlibat indalam sexualaktivitas activityseksual simplyhanya tountuk pleasemenyenangkan apasangan romantic partnerasmara.<ref name="Bogaert 2015"/><ref name="Bridgeman"/><ref name="More to life"/> WithinDalam thekonteks contextidentitas ofpolitik sexual orientation identityorientasi politicsseksual, asexualityaseksualitas maymungkin pragmaticallysecara fulfillpragmatis thememenuhi politicalfungsi functionpolitik ofsatu a sexualkategori orientationidentitas identityorientasi categoryseksual.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

ThePendapat suggestionbahwa thataseksualitas asexualitymerupakan isdisfungsi aseksual sexualmerupakan dysfunctionkontroversi isdi controversialantara amongkomunitas the asexual communityaseksual. ThoseMereka whouang identifymengidentifikasi asdiri asexualsebagai usuallyaseksual preferbiasanya itmemilih to be recognized asdiakui asebagai sexualorientasi orientationseksual.<ref name="Sex and society"/> ScholarsPara whoakademisi argueyang thatberpendapat asexualitybahwa isaseksualitas amerupakan sexualorientasi orientationseksual maydapat pointmenunjuk topada thekeberadaaan existence ofpilihan differentseksual sexualyang preferencesberbeda.<ref name="Bogaert 2015"/><ref name="Halter"/><ref name="More to life"/> TheyMereka anddan manybanyak asexualorang-orang peopleaseksual believemeyakini thatbahwa thekekurangan lackketertarikan ofseksual sexual attraction iscukup valid enough to be categorizeduntuk asdikategorikan asebagai sexualorientasi orientationseksual.<ref name="Decker">{{cite book|last1=Decker|first1=Julie Sondra|title=The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality|date=2015|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing|location=New York City, New York|isbn=978-1-5107-0064-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQYQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT162|access-date=January 10, 2018|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726100704/https://books.google.com/books?id=PQYQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT162|url-status=live}}</ref> ThePara researcherspeneliti argueberpendapat thatbahwa asexualsaseksual dotidak notmemilih chooseuntuk totidak havememiliki nohasrat sexual desireseksual, anddan generallysecara startumum tomukai findmenemukan outperbedaan theirmereka differencesdalam inperilaku sexualseksual behaviorssekitar aroundmasa adolescenceremaja. BecauseKarena offakta-fakta theseini facts coming to lightmuncul, itmemang isberalasan reasonedbahwa thataseksualitas asexualitylebih isdari more than a behavioral choice andsekadar ispilihan notperilaku somethingdan thatbukan cansesuatu beyang cureddapat likedisembuhkan aseperti disordergangguan.<ref name="More to life"/><ref name="Koukounas">{{cite journal | last1= Over | first1= Ray | last2= Koukounas | first2= Eric | year= 1995 | title= Habituation of Sexual Arousal: Product and Process | journal= Annual Review of Sex Research | volume= 6 | issue= 1 | pages= 187–223 | doi= 10.1016/S0301-0511(01)00096-5 | url= http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10532528.1995.10559905 | access-date= January 20, 2013 | archive-date= September 23, 2019 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190923043739/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10532528.1995.10559905 | url-status= live }}<br />Cited from: {{cite book |last= Kelly |first= Gary F. |title=Sexuality Today: The Human Perspective |edition= 7th |year=2004 |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]] |isbn=978-0-07-255835-7 |page=401}}</ref> There isAda alsojuga analysisanalisis onmengenai whetherapakah identifyingmengidentifikasi asdiri asexualsebagai isaseksual becomingmenjadi morelebih popularpopuler.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meyer|first=Doug|s2cid=151482192|title=The Disregarding of Heteronormativity: Emphasizing a Happy Queer Adulthood and Localizing Anti-Queer Violence to Adolescent Schools|journal=Sexuality Research & Social Policy|volume=14|issue=3|pages=331–344|doi=10.1007/s13178-016-0272-7|year=2017}}</ref>

ResearchPenelitian onmengenai theetiologi etiologyorientasi ofseksual sexualketika orientationditerapkan whenpada appliedaseksualitas tomemiliki asexualitymasalah hasdefinisi theorientasi definitionalseksual problem of sexual orientationyang nottidak consistentlykonsisten beingdengan defineddefinisi bypara researcherspeneliti asyang includingmemasukkan asexualityaseksualitas.<ref>{{Cite book | pmid = 19955753 | doi=10.1159/000262525 | volume=17 | title=Sexual hormones and the brain: an essential alliance for sexual identity and sexual orientation | year=2010 | journal=Endocr Dev | pages=22–35 | last1 = Garcia-Falgueras | first1 = A | last2 = Swaab | first2 = DF| series=Endocrine Development | isbn=978-3-8055-9302-1 }}</ref> WhileKetika heterosexualityheteroseksualitas, homosexualityhomoseksualitas, anddan bisexualitybiseksualitas are usuallybiasanya, buttapi nottidak alwaysselalu, determinedditentukan duringselama thetahun-tahun earlyawal yearskehidupan ofsebelum preadolescentmasa liferemaja, ittidak isdiketahui notkapan knownaseksualitas whendapat asexuality is determinedditentukan. "ItTidak isjelas unclearapakah whetherkarakteristik these characteristicsini [''viz.''yaitu, "lackingkekurangan interestketertarikan indalam oratau desirehasrat foruntuk sexseks"] areberlaku thoughtsepanjang to be lifelonghidup, or if they may beataukah acquireddiperoleh."<ref name="Prause"/>

OneSalah criterionsatu usuallykriteria takenyang tobiasanya bediambil defininguntuk ofmendefinisikan aorientasi sexualseksual orientationadalah iskestabilan thatsepanjang itwaktu. isDalam stablesebuah overanalisis time.di In atahun 2016 analysisyang indimuat thedalam ''[[Archives of Sexual Behavior]]'', Brotto et al. foundmenemukan "onlyhanya weakdukungan supportlemah" forbagi thiskriteria criterionini beingditemui metdi amongantara asexualindividu individualsaseksual.<ref name="Brotto-2016">{{cite journal|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|year=2016|title=Asexuality: Sexual Orientation, Paraphilia, Sexual Dysfunction, or None of the Above?|last1=Brotto|first1=L. A.|last2=Yule|first2=M.|volume=46|issue=3|pages=619–627|doi=10.1007/s10508-016-0802-7|pmid=27542079|s2cid=207092428}}</ref> AnSebuah analysisanalisis ofmengenai data from thedari [[National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health|Kajian Longitudinal Nasional terhadap Kesehatan Remaja hingga Dewasa]] byoleh Stephen Cranney foundmenemukan thatbahwa, ofdari 14{{efn|This denominator is mistakenly given as 25 in the abstract of Cranney's initial study. The number of individuals who reported no sexual attraction in wave III was 14, according to Table 2, the first paragraph of the section "Multivariate Analysis", and the following quote from Cranney's subsequent commentary: "Specifically, of the 14 people who indicated 'no sexual attraction' in Wave III, only three went on to do so in Wave IV (Table 2)."<ref name="Cranney-2"/>}} individualsindividu whoyang reporteddilaporkan notidak sexualmemiliki attractionketertarikan inseksual thedalam study'sgelombang thirdketiga wavekajian ini (whenketika subjectssubjeknya rangedberada indalam age fromusia 18 tohingga 26 tahun), onlyhanya 3tiga continuedyang toterus identifyteridentifikasi inseperti thisini waypada atgelombang the fourth wavekeempat, sixenam yearstahun laterkemudian.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Temporal Stability of Lack of Sexual Attraction across Young Adulthood|last=Cranney|first=Stephen|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|year=2016|volume=45|issue=3|pages=743–749|doi=10.1007/s10508-015-0583-4|pmid=26228992|pmc=5443108}}</ref> HoweverNamun, Cranney notesmencatat thatbahwa asexualidentifikasi identificationaseksual indalam thegelombang thirdketiga wavemasih wassignifikan stillsebagai significantpenelaah asidentifikasi aseksual predictordalam ofgelombang asexual identification in the subsequent waveberikutnya. InDalam apenafsiran subsequent commentaryselanjutnya, Cranney statedmenyatakan thatbahwa the interpretation of thisinterpretasi data wasini complicateddiperumit byoleh the absence of anyketiadaan "setpenetapan quantitativestandar standardkuantitatif foruntuk howberapa longlama ahasrat sexualseksual desireberlangsung mustsebelum lastdianggap beforecukup itstabil isatau considered stable or intrinsic enough tomendalam beuntuk considereddianggap ansebagai orientationorientasi".<ref name="Cranney-2">{{cite journal|last=Cranney|first=Stephen|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|year=2016|title=Does Asexuality Meet the Stability Criterion for a Sexual Orientation?|volume=46|issue=3|pages=637–638|doi=10.1007/s10508-016-0887-z|pmid=27815642|s2cid=40119928}}</ref>

=== SexualAktivitas activityseksual anddan sexualityseksualitas ===

WhileMeskipun somesebagian asexualsaseksual masturbatebermasturbasi assebagai abentuk solitarytunggal formpelepasan ofatau releasemelakukan orhubungan havebadan sexuntuk forkeuntungan thepasangan benefit of a romantic partnerasmara, othersyang dolainnya nottidak ([[Aseksualitas#DefinitionDefinisi, identityidentitas anddan relationshipshubungan|seelihat abovedi atas]]).<ref name="Prause"/><ref name="Cerankowski and Milks"/><ref name="New Scientist"/> Fischer et al. reportedmelaporkan thatbahwa "scholarspara whoakademisi studyyang themengkaji physiologyfisiologi aroundsekitar asexualityaseksualitas suggestberpendapat thatbahwa peopleorang-orang whoaseksual aremampu asexualbergairah areberkenaan capabledengan ofalat genitalkelaminnya arousaltapi butmungkin maymengalami experiencekesulitan difficultydengan withyang so-calleddisebut subjectiverangsangan arousalsubjektif." ThisIni meansartinya thatadalah "whilemeskipun thetubuhnya bodyterangsang, becomessecara aroused, subjectivelysubjektif – atdi thetingkat levelpikiran ofdan the mind and emotionsemosi – one doesseseorang nottidak experiencemengalami arousalrangsangan".<ref name="Fischer"/>

ASebuah 1977makalah paperdi titledtahun 1977 berjudul ''Asexual and Autoerotic Women: Two Invisible Groups'', byyang ditulis oleh Myra T. Johnson, issecara explicitlyeksplisit devoteddipersembahkan topada asexualityaseksualitas indalam humansmanusia.<ref name="Cerankowski and Milks 3">{{cite book|author=Karli June Cerankowski|author2=Megan Milks|title=Asexualities: Feminist and Queer Perspectives|isbn=978-1-134-69253-8|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2014|page=244|access-date=January 4, 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XbgTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT244|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726124753/https://books.google.com/books?id=XbgTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT244|url-status=live}}</ref> Johnson definesmendefinisikan asexualsaseksual assebagai thoselelaki mendan and womenperempuan "whoyang, regardlessdengan ofmengabaikan physicalkondisi orfisik emotionalatau conditionemosi, actualsejarah sexualseksual historysesungguhnya, and maritaldan status orpernikahan, ideologicalmaupun orientationorientasi ideologis, seem totampaknya ''prefermemilih'' notuntuk totidak engageterlibat indalam sexualaktivitas activityseksual." SheDia membandingkan contrastsperempuan [[Autoeroticism|autoeroticotoerotik]] womendengan withperempuan asexual womenaseksual: "ThePerempuan asexual woman&nbsp;aseksual... hastidak nomemiliki sexualhasrat desiresseksual atsama allsekali [buttapi] theperempuan autoerotic woman&nbsp;otoerotik... recognizesmengenali suchhasrat desiressemacam butitu prefersnamun tomemilih satisfyuntuk themmemuaskan alonediri sendiri." Bukti Johnson's evidencesebagian isbesar mostlyadalah letterssurat-surat toyang theditemukan editorredaksi founddalam inmajalah-majalah women'sperempuan magazinesyang writtenditulis byoleh asexual/autoeroticperempuan womenaseksual/otoerotik. SheDia portraysmenggambarkan themmereka assebagai invisibletak terlihat, "oppressedtertekan byoleh asebuah consensuskonsensus thatbahwa theymereka aretidak non-existentada," anddan leftditinggalkan behindbaik byoleh bothrevolusi theseksual sexualmaupun revolutiongerakan and the feminist movementfeminis. Johnson argued thatberpendapat societybahwa eithermasyarakat ignoresmengabaikan oratau deniesmenyangkal theirkeberadaan existencemereka oratau insistsbersikeras theymereka mustpasti bepertapa asceticuntuk forberbagai religiousalasan reasonsrelijius, neuroticneurotik, oratau asexualaseksual forkarena politicalalasan reasonspolitis.<ref name="Cerankowski and Milks 3"/><ref>"Asexual and Autoerotic Women: Two Invisible Groups" found in ed. Gochros, H.&nbsp;L.; J.&nbsp;S. Gochros (1977). ''The Sexually Oppressed''. Associated Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8096-1915-3}}</ref>

InDalam asebuah studykajian publishedyang inditerbitkan tahun 1979 indalam volumebuku five ofkelima ''Advances in the Study of Affect'', asdan welljuga asdalam inartikel anotherlain articleyang usingmenggunakan thedata sameyang datasama anddan publishedditerbitkan indi tahun 1980 in thedalam ''[[Journal of Personality and Social Psychology]]'', Michael D. Storms of thedari [[University of Kansas|Universitas Kansas]] outlinedmengikhtisarkan hisskala ownKinsey reimaginingyang ofdigambarkan thekembali Kinseyoleh dirinya scalesendiri. WhereasSementara Kinsey measuredmengukur sexualorientasi orientationseksual basedberdasarkan onkombinasi aperilaku combinationseksual ofdan actualberfantasi sexualserta behaviorerotisisme and fantasizing andyang eroticismsesungguhnya, Storms usedhanya onlymenggunakan fantasizingberfantasi anddan eroticismerotisisme. StormsNamun, however,Storms placedmenempatkan hetero-eroticismheteroeritisisme anddan homo-eroticismhomoerotisisme onpada separatesumbu axesyang ratherberbeda, thanbukan atpada twodua endsujung of asumbu singleyang scalesama; thishal allowsini formemungkinkan aperbedaan distinctionantara between bisexualitybiseksualitas (exhibitingyang bothmemeragakan hetero-baik andheteroerotisisme homo-eroticismmaupun inhomoerotisisme degreesdalam comparabletingkatan toyang heteromasing-masing ordapat homosexuals,dibandingkan dengan heteroseksual atau respectivelyhomoseksual) anddan asexualityaseksual (exhibitingyang amemeragakan leveltingkat ofhomoerotisisme homo-eroticismyang comparabledapat todibandingkan adengan heterosexualheteroseksual anddan atingkat levelheteroerotisisme ofyang hetero-eroticismdapat comparabledibandingkan todengan a homosexualhomoseksual, namelyyaitu, littlesedikit tosekali nonehingga tak ada sama sekali). ThisJenis typeskala ofini scalediperuntukkan accountedbagi foraseksualitas asexualityuntuk forpertama the first timekalinya.<ref name="Cerankowski and Milks 4">{{cite book|author=Karli June Cerankowski|author2=Megan Milks|title=Asexualities: Feminist and Queer Perspectives|isbn=978-1-134-69253-8|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2014|page=113|access-date=January 4, 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XbgTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT113|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726100210/https://books.google.com/books?id=XbgTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT113|url-status=live}}</ref> Storms conjecturedmemperkirakan thatbahwa manybanyak researcherspeneliti followingyang Kinsey'smengikuti model couldKinsey bedapat mis-categorizingsalah asexualmengategorikan subjectssubjek asaseksual bisexualsebagai biseksual, becausekarena bothkeduanya weresecara simplysederhana defineddidefinisikan byoleh akekurangan lack of preference forpilihan gender indalam sexualpasangan partnersseksual.<ref name = Storms1980>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1037/0022-3514.38.5.783 | last1 = Storms | first1 = Michael D. | year = 1980 | title = Theories of Sexual Orientation | journal = [[Journal of Personality and Social Psychology]] | volume = 38 | issue = 5 | pages = 783–792 | url = http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Theories_of_sexual_orientation.pdf | access-date = February 2, 2013 | archive-date = September 23, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190923043737/http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Theories_of_sexual_orientation.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name = Storms1979>Storms, M.&nbsp;D. (1979). Sexual orientation and self-perception. ed. Pliner, Patricia et al. ''Advances in the Study of Communication and Affect. Volume 5: Perception of Emotion in Self and Others'' Plenum Press</ref>