Chevrolet Trooper: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 73:
In 1988, [[SsangYong Motors]] started [[licensed production]] of the '''Isuzu Trooper''' and sold it as the '''Korando Family'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Korando Family |url=http://koreaoto.com/user_eng/sub1_3.php?autoid=93&sGubun=2&sBrand=SSANGYONG |publisher=Koreaoto.com |access-date=2 December 2012 |quote=Sell time: '88.10~'94.8 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was only marketed in South Korea, Scandinavia, Southeast Asia and to a lesser degree South America. It used the same 2.2-liter diesel engine (Korean-built units being called "DC23" rather than C223) but as of September 1991 the naturally aspirated Peugeot 2.5-liter XD3P diesel engine also became available.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} Isuzu's fuel injected 2.6-liter petrol engine was also installed, beginning in July 1991. In August 1994 the Korando Family received a facelift, becoming the "New Family" in the process. This also meant that all previous engine options were replaced by a 2.3-liter Mercedes-Benz [[Mercedes-Benz OM601 engine|OM601 diesel engine]]. The Family was discontinued in 1996, as the next generation [[SsangYong Korando|Korando]] was presented.
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== Second generation (1991–2006) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Second generation
| image = Isuzu Trooper LS.jpg
| production = 1991–2006
| aka = Isuzu Bighorn<br/>Isuzu Citation<br/>Acura SLX (North America)<br/>Chevrolet Trooper<br/>Holden Jackaroo<br/>Holden Monterey<br/>Honda Horizon (Japan)<br/>HSV Jackaroo (Australia)<br/>Opel Monterey<br/>Sanjiu 3-Nine Trooper (China)<br/>Subaru Bighorn<br/>Vauxhall Monterey
| assembly = China: [[Zhanjiang]] (Zhanjiang Kingstar Vehicle Co., Ltd.)<br/>Japan: [[Fujisawa, Kanagawa|Fujisawa]] (Isuzu Motors Fujisawa Plant)<br/>England: [[Luton]] ([[IBC Vehicles]])<br/>Malaysia: [[Pekan District|Pekan]] ([[Isuzu HICOM Malaysia|Isuzu Hicom Malaysia Sdn Bhd]])<!-- aka Isuzu Bighorn --><ref>{{cite web |url=http://car-cat.com/firm-791.html |title=Isuzu. Isuzu in Malaysia |publisher=Car-cat.com |access-date=25 July 2010}}</ref><br/>Philippines: [[Biñan, Laguna|Biñan]] ([[Isuzu Philippines]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://car-cat.com/firm-875.html |title=Isuzu: Isuzu In The Philippines |publisher=Auto World |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223143303/http://car-cat.com/firm-875.html |archive-date=23 February 2011}}</ref><br/>Taiwan: [[Xinzhuang District]] ([[Taiwan Isuzu Motors]])
| body_style = 3-door [[SUV]]<br/>5-door [[SUV]]
| engine = {{ubl
| '''[[Petrol engine|Petrol]]:'''
| 3.2 L ''[[6VD1]]'' [[SOHC]] [[V6]]
| 3.2 L ''[[6VD1]]'' [[DOHC]] V6 (UBS25)
| 3.5 L ''[[6VE1]]'' DOHC V6 (UBS26)
| '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]:'''
| 3.0 L ''[[List of Isuzu engines#4JX1|4JX1]]'' [[Turbo-diesel|turbo]] [[Straight-four engine|I4]] (UBS73)
| 3.1 L ''[[List of Isuzu engines#4JG2|4JG2]]'' turbo I4 (UBS69)
}}
| transmission = 4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]<br/>5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
| wheelbase = 3-door: {{cvt|91.7|in|0}}<br/>5-door: {{cvt|108.7|in|0}}
| length = 3-door: {{cvt|166.7|in|0}}<br/>5-door: {{cvt|183.5|in|0}}
| width = 1992–94: {{cvt|68.7|in|0}}<br/>1995–97: {{cvt|72.2|in|0}}
| height = 1992–94: {{cvt|72.8|in|0}}<br/>1995–97: {{cvt|72.2|in|0}}
}}
In 1991 for the 1992 model year, Isuzu completely redesigned the Trooper to keep pace with changes in the SUV marketplace, making it larger, more powerful, and more luxurious. These {{cvt|4155|lb}} vehicles used a 3.2 L {{cvt|177|PS|kW hp|0}} ([[SOHC]]) petrol engine or 3.2-liter dual overhead cam ([[DOHC]]) version rated at {{cvt|193|PS|kW hp|0}}. A SOHC 3.2-liter engine producing {{cvt|193|PS|kW hp|0}} was introduced in 1996, replacing the earlier DOHC engine in selected export markets. Most models still used a part-time four-wheel-drive system, which required stopping the vehicle to engage and disengage the front axle. Starting in model year 1996, some Troopers came with a "shift-on-the-fly" engagement system.
{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 220
| image1 = 98-99 Isuzu Trooper.jpg
| caption1 = 1998–1999 Isuzu Trooper
| image2 = 2001-2003 Holden Jackaroo (UBS) SE 5-door wagon 01.jpg
| caption2 = 2001–2003 Holden Jackaroo (UBS) SE 5-door (Australia)
| image3 = Opel Monterey RS.jpg
| caption3 = 1992–1998 Opel Monterey RS 3-door (Germany)
| image4 = 1999 Isuzu Bighorn 3.5 Front.jpg
| caption4 = 1999 Isuzu Bighorn (JDM)
}}
From 1992, the UBS series was available with a pushrod [[overhead valve]] (OHV) 3.1-liter inline-four engine intercooled turbo diesel (designated "4JG2") producing {{cvt|114|PS|kW hp|0}} at 3,600 rpm, and {{cvt|260|Nm|lbft|0}} at 2,000 rpm. It was offered as a more rugged and fuel-efficient option for towing and heavy-duty operation, relative to the standard 3.2-liter petrol. The diesel-powered Jackaroo was available with a five-speed manual transmission and manual front hubs only coupled to a part-time four-wheel drive system with open front and limited slip rear differentials. The 3.2-liter V6 petrol engine version was also available with an optional four-speed automatic transmission with automatic locking front hubs. The same diesel engine was also available in the UK and other markets with a belt-driven overhead camshaft, which developed slightly more power. After 1998, and the introduction of the "4JX1" 3.0-liter diesel engine, a four-speed [[automatic transmission]] was made available in addition to the five-speed manual transmission.
The Australian version of the UBS-series was sold as the Holden Jackaroo/Monterey. In July 1993, [[Holden Special Vehicles]] also launched 79 HSV Jackaroo models, which were just a cosmetic upgrade to Holden donor powered by the same 3.2-liter {{cvt|177|PS|kW hp|0}} ([[SOHC]]) petrol engine.
Around the same period, [[General Motors]], [[Isuzu]] and [[Honda]] established a working relationship<ref>{{cite web |url=http://world.honda.com/news/1998/4980319a.html |title=Upgrades to the Horizon Series |work=Press Release |publisher=Honda |location=Tokyo |date=19 March 1998 |access-date=30 November 2008}}</ref> that saw the two-box design of the 5-door Trooper designed by GM with Honda providing petrol engine options and Isuzu providing diesel engine options. Under this partnership the Trooper was thus sold in Japan as the Honda Horizon (1994 to 1999), in Europe as the Opel Monterey, in the United Kingdom as the [[Vauxhall]] Monterey (1994-1998), in Australia as the Holden Jackaroo (1998-2002), and in the United States as the [[Acura SLX]] (1996 to 1999). The Trooper received a mid-life facelift in 1998 with new grille, bumper, headlamps, and front fenders. The rear received a body-colored, hard spare-tire cover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoevolution.com/cars/holden-jackaroo-1998.html#aeng_holden-jackaroo-1998-35|title = HOLDEN Jackaroo specs & photos - 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/1998-isuzu-trooper/|title=1998 Isuzu Trooper - Motor Trend Magazine|date=February 1998}}</ref>
The 1998 Australasian and US-spec Trooper became equipped with the DOHC 3.5-liter engine from the [[Isuzu Rodeo|Isuzu/Holden Rodeo]] producing {{cvt|215|hp|kW PS|0}}. European and Asian buyers could opt for the diesel engine option of the 4JG2 3.1-liter (later superseded by the 4JX1 3.0-liter of {{cvt|159|PS|0|disp=or}}). A [[Borg-Warner]] torque-on-demand ("TOD") all-wheel-drive system was introduced, along with freshened styling. The grille was redesigned again for the 2000 model year.
Transmission options included a five-speed manual transmission, the Aisin AR5<ref>{{cite web |url=http://onlyrepairmanuals.com/holden/holden-jackaroo |title=Holden JackarooService Repair Manuals |publisher=Onlyrepairmanuals.com |access-date=28 October 2012}}</ref> and the electronically controlled ''[[GM 4L30-E transmission|4L30E]]'' four-speed automatic. The ''4l30E'' was fitted with both a "power" shift feature allowing the gearbox to take better advantage of the engine's power by adjusting the shifting nature and a "winter" mode permitting third gear starts for added stability in slippery conditions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unofficialbmw.com/images/BMW_Automatic_4L30E.pdf |title=Technical specifications for GM 4L30-E |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref> The 2000 to 2002 Trooper included a feature called "Grade Logic" which allowed the transmission to automatically downshift on steep grades in order to slow the vehicle down.
The suspension consisted of a fully independent torsion bar front suspension, and a multilink coil sprung rear suspension integrated with a solid rear axle.
While US-spec Troopers came only equipped with five seats, elsewhere in the world a seven-seater version was also offered. Optional on all models was a rear [[limited slip differential]]. In the US the three-door RS model was sold only from 1993 to 1995. The Trooper LS and S models offered {{cvt|117.8|ft3|L|-1}} cargo space, while Limited models had {{cvt|112.3|ft3|L|-1}}.
In 2002, the Trooper was discontinued in the United States in favor of the smaller [[Isuzu Axiom|Axiom]] and the larger GM-produced [[Isuzu Ascender]], a rebadged [[GMC Envoy]].
A Trooper with the 16-valve {{cvt|159|PS|kW hp|0}} 3.0-liter 4JX1-TC engine was sold in the Philippines from 2002 until model year 2005. Known as the Skyroof Edition, it came in a rear-wheel-drive configuration with anti-lock brakes, a limited slip differential, billet-type radiator grille, and large power moonroof. Other standard options included leather seats, wood trim, and a [[VCD]] entertainment system. It was later succeeded by the [[Isuzu Alterra]].
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=== Acura SLX ===
[[File:Acura-SLX.jpg|thumb|left|MY1998–1999 Acura SLX]]
The "Acura SLX" was a lightly upgraded and rebadged Isuzu Trooper sold by the [[Acura]] division of [[Honda]] from 1995 to 1999, as 1996 to 1999 year models. Sold only in the United States, the SLX was later replaced by the [[Acura MDX]] in 2001.
The SLX omitted some of the options available on Troopers from concurrent model years, including the manual transmission and certain engines. From 1996 to 1997 the SLX was only available with the 3.2-liter SOHC or [[DOHC]] V6 engine, switching to the new 3.5-liter DOHC V6 engine in 1998. The SLX received a restyled front end for the 1998 model year, but continued to sell poorly and was ultimately discontinued after 1999. It is said that sales were affected by bad press when the 1996 to 1997 models were rated "Not Acceptable" by ''[[Consumer Reports]]'' for their tendency to roll over during testing (see Rollover Controversy, below). Autotrader says it has a 3-star safety rating (Front and Passenger) and the base entry price was $36,300.
=== Monterey ===
[[File:Holden Jackaroo off-road.JPG|thumb|1998–2001 Holden Jackaroo SE 5-door]]In Europe, the Trooper/Big Horn was sold as an Opel from 1992 to 1999. Called the Monterey, the plate lasted until 1999 on the continent (as an Opel) and from 1994 to 1998 in Great Britain, where the Vauxhall badge was used, but it was not a strong seller and was withdrawn from sale a year before the Opel version on the continent. The Monterey name also saw use by Holden in Australia, at first (from 1994) as the top equipment level (V6 only) for what was there called the Jackaroo, but later as a standalone nameplate for the more luxurious part of the range.
=== Rollover controversy ===
The second-generation Trooper received negative press in the United States when the 1995–1997 models were rated "Not Acceptable" by ''[[Consumer Reports]]'' for an alleged tendency to roll over under testing.<ref name="lat97">{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1997/jul/26/news/mn-16538 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=26 July 1997 |title=Agency Finds Isuzu Trooper Defect-Free}}</ref> In response to a petition from the publication's publisher, [[Consumers Union]], the National Highway Traffic Administration conducted its own tests and found no issue that could lead to a need for a recall.<ref name="lat97"/><ref name="dc97"/> However, Isuzu suggested that the magazine's claims had hurt sales of the vehicle.<ref>{{cite news |work=St. Petersburg Times |date=3 November 1996 |title=Trooper report trips up sale |page=6H}}</ref>
[[File:2001-2003 Holden Monterey (UBS) wagon 02.jpg|thumb|left|2001–2003 Holden Monterey (Australia)]]
After the release of the NHTSA report, Isuzu filed a lawsuit against Consumers Union seeking $242 million in damages, claiming that during Consumer Reports's tests the steering wheel had been twisted more sharply than "a driver is willing or able to make in response to an unexpected event.<ref name="dc97">{{cite news |work=[[The Daily Courier (Arizona)|The Daily Courier]] |date=1 August 1997 |title=Isuzu sues Consumers Union over report on Trooper |page=2A}}</ref> The judge in the suit, [[Richard Paez]], determined that because Isuzu had engaged in an extensive public relations campaign to refute the claims prior to filing suit, it was considered a public figure, raising the standard for defamation from a simple [[preponderance of evidence]] that the report was false to "clear and convincing evidence" that ''Consumer Reports'' published the article knowing it was false or with reckless disregard for whether it was true or false.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPcap/2000-02/09/042r-020900-idx.html |title=Consumer Reports Defamation Trial Starts |work=The Washington Post |date=9 February 2000}}</ref> The defamation suit went to a jury, which found that eight of the 17 statements in the report questioned by Isuzu were false, with one displaying "reckless disregard" for the truth on the part of ''Consumer Reports'' magazine, but that Isuzu was not damaged by that statement.<ref name="du00">{{cite news |work=Daily Union |date=7 April 2000 |title=Jury clears Consumers Union |page=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/07/business/isuzu-is-denied-damages-in-a-lawsuit-against-consumer-reports.html |work=The New York Times |first=Andrew |last=Pollack |title=Isuzu Is Denied Damages in a Lawsuit Against Consumer Reports |date=7 April 2000}}</ref> Two of the ten jurors on the panel did not believe the magazine believed that the other seven statements were untruthful when they published them.<ref name="du00"/> Consequently, the full jury panel did not award Isuzu monetary damages for the alleged damage to its reputation and lost sales.<ref name="du00"/> Isuzu calculated the total cost of the ''Consumer Reports'' claims at $244 million.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Dee-Ann | last1 = Durbin | first2 = Tom | last2 = Krisher |url=http://www.projo.com/projocars/content/ca_isuzuout_02-02-08_OG8RD1F_v6.1f10cef.html |title=Isuzu to stop selling new vehicles in North America |publisher=projo.com |date=2 February 2008 |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref> As Isuzu was denied damages on all counts, the formal court judgement in favor of Consumers Union entered by Paez required Isuzu to pay CU's "reasonable costs" of defending itself against the suit, not including attorney's fees.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/legal/trial-procedure-judges/6479006-1.html |title=Business solutions from AllBusiness-Redesign |publisher=AllBusiness.com |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref>
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[[Kategori:SUV]]
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