Cacar monyet: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 6:
| symptoms = Demam, sakit kepala, nyeri otot, ruam melepuh, pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening<ref name=CDC2017Sym/>
| complications =
| onset = 5-21 hari setelah terpapar<ref name=CDC2017Sym/>
| onset = 5-21 hari setelah terpapar<ref name=CDC2017Sym>{{cite web |title=Signs and Symptoms Monkeypox |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/symptoms.html |website=CDC |access-date=15 October 2017 |language=en-us |date=11 May 2015 |deadurl=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202514/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/symptoms.html |archive-date=15 October 2017 |df=}}</ref>
| duration = 2 sampai 4 minggu<ref name=CDC2017Sym/>
| types =
| causes = [[Virus cacar monyet]]<ref name=CDC2015About/>
| risks =
| diagnosis = Deteksi DNA virus
| diagnosis = Deteksi DNA virus<ref name=CDC2015Out>{{cite web |title=2003 U.S. Outbreak Monkeypox|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/outbreak.html |website=CDC |access-date=15 October 2017 |language=en-us |date=11 May 2015 |deadurl=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202731/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/outbreak.html |archive-date=15 October 2017 |df=}}</ref>
| differential = [[Cacar air]], [[Variola]]<ref name=Mc2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = McCollum AM, Damon IK | title = Human monkeypox | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 58 | issue = 2 | pages = 260–7 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24158414 | doi = 10.1093/cid/cit703 }}</ref>
| prevention = [[Vaksin cacar]]<ref name=CDC2015Out/>
| treatment =
Baris 18:
| prognosis =
| frequency = Langka<ref name=CDC2015About/>
| deaths = kurang dari 1% (klad Afrika Barat),<ref name=Skle>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sklenovská N, Van Ranst M | title = Emergence of Monkeypox as the Most Important Orthopoxvirus Infection in Humans | journal = Frontiers in Public Health | volume = 6 | page = 241 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 30234087 | pmc = 6131633 | doi = 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00241 | doi-access = free }}</ref> hingga 10%<ref name=CDC2017Sym/> (klad Cekungan Kongo, tak diobati)<ref name=Osorio>{{cite book |last1=Osorio |first1=J.E. |last2=Yuill |first2=T.M. |chapter=Zoonoses |title=Encyclopedia of Virology |date=2008 |pages=485–495 |doi=10.1016/B978-012374410-4.00536-7|isbn=9780123744104 |s2cid=214756407 }}</ref>
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'''Cacar monyet''' adalah [[penyakit menular]] yang disebabkan oleh infeksi [[virus cacar monyet]] pada sejumlah hewan, termasuk manusia.<ref name="CDC2015About2CDC2015About">{{cite web|date=11 May 2015|title=About Monkeypox|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/about.html|website=CDC|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202400/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/about.html|archive-date=15 October 2017|access-date=15 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Gejalanya dimulai dengan [[demam]], sakit kepala, nyari otot, [[pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening]], dan rasa lelah. Hal ini kemudian diikuti oleh munculnya ruam yang membentuk [[lepuh]] dan krusta pada kulit. Masa inkubasi antara paparan virus hingga timbulnya gejala klinis sekitar 10 hari. Gejala-gejala tersebut akan dialami penderita selama dua pekan.<ref name="CDC2017Sym2"CDC2017Sym>{{cite web |title=Signs and Symptoms Monkeypox |url=https:/>/www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/symptoms.html |website=CDC |access-date=15 October 2017 |language=en-us |date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202514/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/symptoms.html |archive-date=15 October 2017 }}</ref>
 
Seseorang dapat terinfeksi virus setelah digigit atau dicakar hewan, menyentuh daging atau cairan tubuh hewan liar terinfeksi, objek terkontaminasi, atau berada dalam jarak dekat dengan orang yang terinfeksi. Virus cacar monyet umumnya bersirkulasi di antara hewan pengerat.<ref name="CDC2015Trans">{{cite web|date=11 May 2015|title=Transmission Monkeypox|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/transmission.html|website=CDC|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202658/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/transmission.html|archive-date=15 October 2017|access-date=15 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Diagnosis ditegakkan dengan mendeteksi DNA virus dari sampel luka.<ref name="CDC2015Out">{{cite web|date=11 May 2015|title=2003 U.S. Outbreak Monkeypox|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/outbreak.html |website=CDC |access-date=15 October 2017 |language=en-us |date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202731/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/outbreak.html |archive-date=15 October 2017|access-date=15 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Tanda klinis penyakit ini mirip dengan [[cacar air]].<ref name="Mc2014">{{cite journal |date vauthors =January 2014McCollum AM, Damon IK | title = Human monkeypox | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 58 | issue = 2 | pages = 260–267 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24158414 | doi = 10.1093/cid/cit703 |pmid=24158414|vauthors=McCollum AM, Damon IK|doi-access = free }}</ref>
 
[[Vaksin cacar]] (variola) dapat mencegah infeksi dengan efektivitas 85%. Pada tahun 2019, vaksin cacar monyet, Jynneos (juga dikenal sebagai Imvanex di Uni Eropa dan Imvamune di Kanada), telah disetujui untuk diaplikasikan pada orang dewasa di Amerika Serikat. Terapi standar yang digunakan saat ini adalah [[tecovirimat]], antivirus yang secara khusus ditujukan untuk mengobati infeksi [[Orthopoxvirus|virus orthopox]] seperti cacar dan cacar monyet. Obat ini disetujui untuk mengobati cacar monyet di Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. [[Cidofovir]] atau [[brincidofovir]] mungkin juga bermanfaat untuk penyakit ini. Risiko kematian, jika tidak diobati, dilaporkan sebesar 10% hingga 11% untuk klad Cekungan Kongo (Afrika Tengah).