Cacar monyet: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Vaksin cacar]] (variola) dapat mencegah infeksi dengan efektivitas 85%.<ref name="CDC2015Out2CDC2015Out" /><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=Treatment {{!}} Monkeypox {{!}} Poxvirus {{!}} CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/treatment.html|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615121759/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/treatment.html|archive-date=2019-06-15|access-date=2022-05-18|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tahun 2019, vaksin cacar monyet, Jynneos (juga dikenal sebagai Imvanex di Uni Eropa dan Imvamune di Kanada<ref name="NIAID Supply">{{cite web|date=26 September 2019|title=Smallpox Vaccine Supply & Strength|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/smallpox-vaccine|website=[[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]] (NIAID)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017060706/https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/smallpox-vaccine|archive-date=17 October 2019|access-date=16 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>), telah disetujui untuk diaplikasikan pada orang dewasa di Amerika Serikat.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=24 September 2019|title=FDA approves first live, non-replicating vaccine to prevent smallpox and monkeypox|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-live-non-replicating-vaccine-prevent-smallpox-and-monkeypox|website=FDA|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017055501/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-live-non-replicating-vaccine-prevent-smallpox-and-monkeypox|archive-date=17 October 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Terapi standar yang digunakan saat ini adalah [[tecovirimat]], antivirus yang secara khusus ditujukan untuk mengobati infeksi [[Orthopoxvirus|virus orthopox]] seperti cacar dan cacar monyet. Obat ini disetujui untuk mengobati cacar monyet di Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. [[Cidofovir]] atau [[brincidofovir]] mungkin juga bermanfaat untuk penyakit ini.<ref name="Mc20142Mc2014" /><ref name="CDC2019Tx">{{cite web|date=28 December 2018|title=Treatment {{!}} Monkeypox {{!}} Poxvirus {{!}} CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/treatment.html|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615121759/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/treatment.html|archive-date=15 June 2019|access-date=11 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Risiko kematian, jika tidak diobati, dilaporkan sebesar 10% hingga 11% untuk klad Cekungan Kongo (Afrika Tengah).<ref name="CDC2017Sym2CDC2017Sym" /><ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marriott KA, Parkinson CV, Morefield SI, Davenport R, Nichols R, Monath TP | title = Clonal vaccinia virus grown in cell culture fully protects monkeys from lethal monkeypox challenge | journal = Vaccine | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 581–588 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 18077063 | doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.063 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385|website=[[World Health Organization]]|access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref>

Cacar monyet pertama kali diidentifikasi pada tahun 1958 di antara monyet laboratorium di [[Kopenhagen]], Denmark.<ref name="CDC2015Main2CDC2015Main">{{cite web|date=11 May 2015|title=Monkeypox|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/index.html|website=CDC|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015113128/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/index.html|archive-date=15 October 2017|access-date=15 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Walaupun demikian, monyet bukanlah reservoir alami virus tersebut.<ref name="WHONR" >https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox</ref> Kasus pertama pada manusia ditemukan pada tahun 1970 di [[Republik Demokratik Kongo]].<ref name="CDC2015Main3CDC2015Main" /> Wabah cacar monyet yang terjadi di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2003 diduga berasal dari toko hewan peliharaan, tempat penjualan hewan pengerat yang diimpor dari Ghana.<ref name="CDC2015Out3CDC2015Out" /> Wabah cacar monyet tahun 2022 merupakan insiden pertama penularan masyarakat secara luas di luar Afrika, yang dimulai di Inggris pada Mei 2022, dengan kasus-kasus berikutnya dikonfirmasi di Eropa, Amerika Utara, Australia dan Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title=Monkeypox cases investigated in Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61506562|website=[[BBC News]]|access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="1stisrael">{{Cite news|last=Efrati|first=Ido|title=Israel Confirms First Case of Monkeypox Virus|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-discovers-first-case-of-monkeypox-virus-1.10812439|work=Haaretz|language=en|access-date=21 May 2022}}</ref>