Maskulinitas: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Maskulinitas''' (disebut juga '''kejantanan''' atau '''kedewasaan''') adalah sejumlah atribut, perilaku, dan peran yang terkait dengan anak laki-laki dan pria dewasa. Maskulinitas didefinisikan secara sosial dan diciptakan secara biologis.<ref name="Wijngaard">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dn5cI9BHbKgC&pg=PA1|title=Reinventing the sexes: the biomedical construction of femininity and masculinity|last=van den Wijngaard|first=Marianne|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1997|isbn=9780253210876|location=Bloomington}}</ref><ref name="Martin and Finn">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5KLPlmr9T7MC&pg=PA16|title=Masculinity and Femininity in the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A|last=Martin|first=Hale|last2=Finn|first2=Stephen Edward|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=2010|isbn=9780816675203}}</ref><ref name="Dunphy">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Sexual_Politics.html?id=NVPQkt0bVpAC|title=Sexual politics: an introduction|last=Dunphy|first=Richard|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2000|isbn=9780748612475}}</ref> Sifat maskulin berbeda dengan jenis kelamin.<ref name="Ferrante">Ferrante, Joan (2008), "[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AwnIIXI6y38C Gender and sexualities: with emphasis on gender ideals]", in {{Cite book|title=Sociology: a global perspective|publisher=Thomson Wadsworth|isbn=9780840032041|editor-last=Ferrante|editor-first=Joan|edition=7th|location=Belmont, California|pages=269–272}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en/|title=Gender, Women and Health: What do we mean by "sex" and "gender"?|website=who.int|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908003355/http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en/|archive-date=8 September 2014|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> baik laki-laki maupun perempuan dapat bersifat maskulin. Ciri-ciri yang melekat pada istilah maskulin adalah keberanian, [[Kemerdekaan|kemandirian]] dan ketegasan.<ref name="Vetterling-Braggin">{{Cite book|title="Femininity", "masculinity", and "androgyny": a modern philosophical discussion|last=Vetterling-Braggin|first=Mary|publisher=Littlefield, Adams|year=1982|isbn=9780822603993|location=Totowa, N.J}}</ref><ref name="Worell">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women and gender: sex similarities and differences and the impact of society on gender, Volume 1|last=Worell|first=Judith|publisher=Academic Press|year=2001|isbn=9780122272462|location=San Diego, California}}</ref><ref name="R. Murray Thomas">Thomas, R. Murray (2001), "[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-RxIUDYIuiIC&pg=PT248 Feminist perspectives]", in {{cite book|title=Recent theories of human development|year=2001|url=https://archive.org/details/recenttheoriesof0000thom|publisher=[[Sage Publications|Sage]]|isbn=9780761922476|editor-last=Thomas|editor-first=R. Murray|location=Thousand Oaks, California|page=[https://archive.org/details/recenttheoriesof0000thom/page/248 248]|quote=''Gender feminists also consider traditional feminine traits (gentleness, modesty, humility, sacrifice, supportiveness, empathy, compassion, tenderness, nurturance, intuitiveness, sensitivity, unselfishness) morally superior to the traditional masculine traits (courage, strong will, ambition, independence, assertiveness, initiative, rationality and emotional control).''}}</ref> ciri-ciri ini bervariasi dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial dan budaya.<ref>Mikkola, Mari (2011), "[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FU2-Ha0d77wC&pg=PA1 Ontological commitments, sex and gender]", in {{Cite book|title=Feminist metaphysics: explorations in the ontology of sex, gender and the self|url=https://archive.org/details/feministmetaphys00witt|publisher=Springer|year=2011|isbn=9789048137831|editor-last=Witt|editor-first=Charlotte|location=Dordrecht|page=[https://archive.org/details/feministmetaphys00witt/page/77 77]}}</ref>