Pemanasan global: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Change in Average Temperature.svg|ka|jmpl|280x280px|Perbandingan suhu permukaan rata-rata selama periode 2011 sampai 2021 dengan suhu rata-rata dari 1956 sampai 1976.]]

 

 

Akibat perubahan iklim, gurun pasir meluas, sementara gelombang panas dan kebakaran hutan menjadi lebih umum.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=7|ps=: Since the pre-industrial period, the land surface air temperature has risen nearly twice as much as the global average temperature (high confidence). Climate change... contributed to desertification and land degradation in many regions (high confidence).}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=45|ps=: Climate change is playing an increasing role in determining wildfire regimes alongside human activity (medium confidence), with future climate variability expected to enhance the risk and severity of wildfires in many biomes such as tropical rainforests (high confidence).}}</ref> Peningkatan pemanasan di Kutub Utara telah berkontribusi pada mencairnya tanah es yang sebelumnya selalu membeku, mundurnya [[glasial]], dan hilangnya [[es laut]].<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16|ps=: Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence).}}</ref> Suhu yang lebih tinggi juga menyebabkan [[badai]] yang lebih intens, [[kekeringan]], dan cuaca ekstrem lainnya.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref> Perubahan lingkungan yang cepat di pegunungan, terumbu karang, dan Kutub Utara memaksa banyak spesies untuk pindah atau punah.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.|url-status=live}}</ref> Perubahan iklim mengancam manusia dengan kelangkaan makanan dan air, peningkatan banjir, panas yang ekstrem, lebih banyak penyakit, dan kerugian ekonomi. Migrasi manusia dan konflik dapat terjadi sebagai akibatnya.<ref name="auto3">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|UN Environment, 25 October|2018}}.</ref> Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia ([[WHO]]) menyebut perubahan iklim sebagai ancaman terbesar bagi kesehatan global di abad ke-21.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|pp=13–16}}; {{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2015}}: "Climate change is the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century. Health professionals have a duty of care to current and future generations. You are on the front line in protecting people from climate impacts – from more heat-waves and other extreme weather events; from outbreaks of infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue and cholera; from the effects of malnutrition; as well as treating people that are affected by cancer, respiratory, cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases caused by environmental pollution."</ref> Bahkan jika upaya untuk meminimalkan pemanasan di masa depan berhasil, beberapa efek akan terus berlanjut selama berabad-abad. Ini termasuk kenaikan permukaan laut, dan lautan yang lebih hangat dan dengan [[pH]] yang lebih [[asam]].<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64|ps=: Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment.}}</ref>