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Kapal ini mulai dibuat pada Maret 1978 dan diluncurkan pada 10 September 1980.<ref name="jfs10p353" /><ref name=":10">{{cite book|year=1995|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds00gard_606|location=Annapolis, Maryland, USA|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=1-55750-132-7|editor-last1=Gardiner|editor-first1=Robert|pages=[https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds00gard_606/page/179 179]|editor-last2=Chumbley|editor-first2=Stephen|url-status=live}}</ref> Kapal selam kemudian menjalani uji coba di laut Jerman Barat sebelum diserahkan kepada Pemerintah Indonesia pada 6 Juli 1981.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 Juli 1981|title="Nanggala II" diserahkan *Kapal selam RI buatan Jerman Barat diserahkan pada pemerintah Indonesia|url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19307535|work=Kompas|page=2|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423013340/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompasdata.id%2FSearch%2FNewsDetail%2F19307535|dead-url=no}}</ref> KRI Nanggala meninggalkan Jerman Barat pada awal Agustus 1981 dengan ditumpangi oleh 38 awak di bawah komando Letnan Kolonel Armand Aksyah.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news|date=12 Juli 1981|title="Nanggala II" diserahkan|url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19307535|work=Kompas|page=2|access-date=21 April 2021|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423013340/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompasdata.id%2FSearch%2FNewsDetail%2F19307535|dead-url=no}} Excerpt of the newspaper could be seen in [https://www.facebook.com/ayokeperpusnas/photos/a.380549651985428/5698651253508548 here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430032639/https://www.facebook.com/ayokeperpusnas/photos/a.380549651985428/5698651253508548 |date=2021-04-30 }}.</ref> Pada 5 Oktober 1981, KRI Nanggala pertama kali ditunjukkan ke masyarakat umum, bersamaan dengan hari ulang tahun TNI ke-36.<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 Oktober 1981|title=Jadilah ABRI yang Demikian|url=https://majalah.tempo.co/read/nasional/51360/jadilah-abri-yang-demikian|work=Tempo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421173700/https://majalah.tempo.co/read/nasional/51360/jadilah-abri-yang-demikian|archive-date=21 April 2021|access-date=22 April 2021|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref> Peresmian penggunaannya dilakukan oleh [[Daftar Menteri Pertahanan Indonesia|Menteri Pertahanan Keamanan]]/[[Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonesia|Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata]] Jenderal TNI [[M. Jusuf|Mohammad Jusuf]] pada 21 Oktober 1981 di Dermaga Ujung [[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 Oktober 1981|title=Diresmikan Menhankam/Pangab: Tiga kapal perang baru dalam jajaran armada TNI-AL|url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19494074|work=Kompas|page=1|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422112510/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompasdata.id%2FSearch%2FNewsDetail%2F19494074|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
KRI Nanggala pernah melakukan perbaikan di Howaldtswerke dan selesai pada 1989.<ref>{{cite book |title=Warship International: Volume 27 |date=1990 |publisher=International Naval Research Organization |page=41 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Warship_International/pxFHAQAAIAAJ |language=en |access-date=2021-04-22 |archive-date=2021-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422112450/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Warship_International/pxFHAQAAIAAJ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Sekitar dua dekade kemudian, kapal selam ini kembali menjalani perbaikan penuh dengan biaya US$63,7 juta selama dua tahun di Korea Selatan.<ref>{{Cite book|year=2011|url=https://www.djppr.kemenkeu.go.id/uploads/files/dmodata/in/6Publikasi/8Monev_PHLN/1Lap_Perkembangan_Phln_Triwulan/Laporan_Perkembangan_PLN_TW_IV_2011-0.pdf|title=Laporan Perkembangan Pinjaman dan Hibah Triwulan IV Tahun 2011|location=Jakarta|publisher=Directorate of Evaluation, Accounting and Settlement, Ministry of Finance|pages=L-26|access-date=2021-04-24|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423013340/https://www.djppr.kemenkeu.go.id/uploads/files/dmodata/in/6Publikasi/8Monev_PHLN/1Lap_Perkembangan_Phln_Triwulan/Laporan_Perkembangan_PLN_TW_IV_2011-0.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> Perbaikan tersebut dilakukan oleh [[DSME|Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering]] (DSME) dan selesai pada Januari 2012.{{efn|Nanggala belum beroperasi kembali hingga Februari 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pattiasina|first=Edna C.|date=2012-02-06|title=Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala Kembali Beroperasi|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/02/06/18574511/~Nasional|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-21|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421152047/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/02/06/18574511/~Nasional}}</ref>}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=대우조선해양|date=2012-01-20|title=대우조선해양, 인도네시아 잠수함 성능개량사업 완료|url=http://www.newswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=598586|website=대우조선해양, 인도네시아 잠수함 성능개량사업 완료 – 뉴스와이어|language=ko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522133401/http://www.newswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=598586|archive-date=22 Mei 2016|access-date=2021-04-22|url-status=live}}</ref>{{r|jakartapost.refit<!-- refit for two years -->}} Pada perbaikan ini, sebagian struktur atas kapal diganti dan sistem persenjataan, sonar, radar, kendali tempur, dan propulsi dimutakhirkan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indonesia searches for missing submarine with 53 on board |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/ |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=Reuters |date=21 April 2021 |archive-date=2021-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421093435/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Setelah perbaikan, KRI Nanggala mampu menembakkan empat torpedo secara bersamaan menuju empat target yang berbeda dan meluncurkan misil antikapal seperti [[Exocet]] atau [[Harpoon (peluru kendali)|Harpoon]]. Selain itu, kedalaman selamnya bertambah menjadi {{convert|257|m|ft}} dan kelajuan maksimumnya dinaikkan dari {{convert|21.5|knot|km/h}} menjadi {{convert|25|knot|km/h}}.<ref name="jakartapost.refit">{{cite news |last1=Boediwardhana |first1=Wahyoe |title=RI submarines on par with neighbors after overhaul |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511045258/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/06/ri-submarines-par-with-neighbors-after-overhaul.html |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=Jakarta Post |date=2 Juni 2012 |archive-date=2012-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511045258/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/06/ri-submarines-par-with-neighbors-after-overhaul.html |dead-url=unfit }}</ref> Sekitar lima tahun kemudian, KRI Nanggala dilengkapi dengan sistem [[perum gema]] KULAÇ buatan [[ASELSAN]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-21|title=Indonesian Navy vessel uses ASELSAN's KULAÇ|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/defense/2016/11/21/indonesian-navy-vessel-uses-aselsans-kulac|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117223117/https://www.dailysabah.com/defense/2016/11/21/indonesian-navy-vessel-uses-aselsans-kulac|archive-date=17 Januari 2021|access-date=2021-04-22|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
== Data teknis ==
Baris 137:
Dalam konferensi pers, juru bicara [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut|TNI Angkatan Laut]], [[Laksamana Pertama]] [[Julius Widjojono]] mengumumkan bahwa tiga kapal perang yaitu [[KRI Diponegoro (365)]], [[KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata (331)]], dan [[KRI I Gusti Ngurah Rai (332)]] beserta tim penyelam telah dikerahkan.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Yahya|first=Achmad Nasrudin|date=2021-04-22|title=TNI AL Pastikan Stok Oksigen Aman Bagi 53 Personel Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala-402|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/22/08075081/tni-al-pastikan-stok-oksigen-aman-bagi-53-personel-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2021-04-22|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422012114/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/22/08075081/tni-al-pastikan-stok-oksigen-aman-bagi-53-personel-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala|dead-url=no}}</ref> ''Janes Defence News'' melaporkan bahwa beberapa kapal perang lainnya juga dikerahkan menuju lokasi pencarian.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indonesian Navy submarine missing in Bali Sea|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesian-navy-submarine-missing-in-bali-sea|website=Janes.com|language=en|access-date=2021-04-22|archive-date=2021-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421104224/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesian-navy-submarine-missing-in-bali-sea|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia|Kementerian Pertahanan]] mengatakan bahwa pemerintah Singapura, Australia, dan India telah merespons permintaan bantuan yang dikirimkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia.<ref name=":6" /> [[Angkatan Laut Republik Singapura]] mengerahkan bantuan kapal {{MV|Swift Rescue||6}}, sementara [[Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Malaysia]] mengerahkan kapal [[MV Mega Bakti]] menuju lokasi pencarian di Laut Bali.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 April 2021|title=Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala goes missing during torpedo firing drill|url=https://defbrief.com/2021/04/21/indonesian-submarine-kri-nanggala-goes-missing-during-torpedo-firing-drill/|website=Defense Brief|language=en-US|access-date=21 April 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=2021-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421104421/https://defbrief.com/2021/04/21/indonesian-submarine-kri-nanggala-goes-missing-during-torpedo-firing-drill/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 April 2021|title=Indonesian navy checking on submarine after failure to report back from exercise|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/|website=[[Reuters]]|access-date=21 April 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=2021-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421093435/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=Indonesia searching for 53 crew aboard missing submarine, seeks Australia, Singapore help|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesia-searching-53-crew-aboard-missing-submarine-seeks-australia-singapore-2021-04-21/|website=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2021-04-23|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422230052/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesia-searching-53-crew-aboard-missing-submarine-seeks-australia-singapore-2021-04-21/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hingga Kamis, 22 April, TNI AL telah mengerahkan enam kapal lain menuju area pencarian. Kapal-kapal tersebut adalah [[KRI DR Soeharso (990)|KRI Dr. Soeharso]], [[KRI Hasan Basri (382)|KRI Hasan Basri]], KRI Satsuin Tubun, [[KRI Singa (651)|KRI Singa]], [[KRI Hiu (634)|KRI Hiu]], dan [[KRI Layang (805)|KRI Layang]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fanani|first=Ardian|title=6 KRI Ada di Banyuwangi Cari Kapal Selam Nanggala-402 yang Hilang|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-5542131/6-kri-ada-di-banyuwangi-cari-kapal-selam-nanggala-402-yang-hilang|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|access-date=2021-04-22|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422071112/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-5542131/6-kri-ada-di-banyuwangi-cari-kapal-selam-nanggala-402-yang-hilang|dead-url=no}}</ref> Yudo Margono mengatakan bahwa tiga kapal selam, lima pesawat, dan 21 kapal perang telah dikerahkan menuju area pencarian per Kamis, 22 April.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jamaluddin|first=Masrur|title=Indonesian Navy searches for missing submarine with 53 people on board|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/21/asia/indonesia-missing-submarine-intl/index.html|website=CNN|access-date=2021-04-22|archive-date=2021-04-21|archive-url=https://archive.is/20210421193545/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/21/asia/indonesia-missing-submarine-intl/index.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kapal selam [[KRI Alugoro (405)]] juga telah bergabung dalam operasi pencarian.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tisnadibrata|first=Ismira Lutfia|date=22 April 2021|title=Indonesia in race against time to find missing submarine before air supply runs out|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1847051/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Arab News|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423111021/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1847051/world}}</ref> {{ill|KRI Rigel (933)|id}}, sebuah kapal perang dengan perangkat sonar yang lebih kuat, diperkirakan tiba pada 23 April 2021.<ref name="Jamaluddin-CNN">{{Cite web|last=Jamaluddin|first=Masrur|title=Indonesian navy detects object during search for missing submarine|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/23/asia/indonesia-submarine-australia-us-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2021-04-23|website=CNN|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423100507/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/23/asia/indonesia-submarine-australia-us-intl-hnk/index.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia]] mengirim empat kapal kepolisian yang dilengkapi dengan sonar dan robot kendali jarak jauh (ROV).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2021-04-23|title=Polri Kerahkan 4 Kapal Bantu Cari KRI Nanggala-402|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/23/13055181/polri-kerahkan-4-kapal-bantu-cari-kri-nanggala-402|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2021-04-24|archive-date=2021-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424114600/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/23/13055181/polri-kerahkan-4-kapal-bantu-cari-kri-nanggala-402|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
Sekitar pukul 07.00 WIB, pemantauan udara menemukan tumpahan oli di sekitar lokasi terduga hilangnya kapal selam.<ref name="reuters.spill">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=Search for missing Indonesian submarine finds oil spill {{!}} Reuters|url=httphttps://archivewww.isreuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/iUE1s|website=archive.is|access-date=2021-04-21|archive-date=2021-04-21|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210421144445/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/|dead-url=nounfit}}</ref> Kepala [[Pusat Penerangan Tentara Nasional Indonesia|Pusat Penerangan TNI]] [[Mayor Jenderal]] [[Achmad Riad]] melaporkan bahwa tumpahan oli telah teramati di beberapa lokasi.<ref name="reuters.spill" /> Ia juga menambahkan bahwa KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata telah mendeteksi pergerakan di bawah air dengan kelajuan 2,5 knot (4,6 km/jam), tetapi objek tersebut menghilang sebelum dapat diidentifikasi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vessels from Singapore and Malaysia to assist in search for missing Indonesian submarine|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/indonesia-navy-bali-missing-submarine-singapore-swift-rescue-14671012|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=2021-04-22|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422030219/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/indonesia-navy-bali-missing-submarine-singapore-swift-rescue-14671012|dead-url=no}}</ref> Yudo Margono mengungkapkan bahwa TNI AL telah mendeteksi objek dengan "resonansi magnetik kuat" pada kedalaman 50 hingga 100 meter.<ref name="Jamaluddin-CNN"/>{{efn|Tidak diketahui apakah Achmad Riad dan Yudo Margono merujuk pada objek yang sama.}}
 
Keesokan harinya sekitar pukul {{nowrap|14.15 WIB}} (07.15 UTC), [[Angkatan Laut India]] mengumumkan bahwa kendaraan ''[[deep-submergence rescue vehicle]]'' (DSRV) mereka telah berangkat dari fasilitas angkatan laut di [[Visakhapatnam#Defence and research|Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] menuju lokasi pencarian.<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1385130090816700417|user=indiannavy|title=#IndianNavy’s Deep Submergence Rescue Vessel (DSRV) departed from #Visakhapatnam to support #IndonesianNavy in Search & Rescue efforts for #KRINanggala. In this moment of crisis our prayers are with the @_TNIAL_, our brothers in arms onboard #KRINanggala & their families file[camera emoji]|author=SpokespersonNavy|date=2021-04-22}}</ref> Pada 23 April, Komandan Armada Australia, [[Mark Hammond (admiral)|Mark Hammond]] mengumumkan bahwa kapal [[HMAS Ballarat (FFH 155)]] dan [[HMAS Sirius (O 266)]] mereka akan bergabung dalam operasi pencarian.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hodge|first=Amanda|date=23 April 2021|title=Australian warships join submarine search; oxygen to run out in hours|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fworld%2Faustralia-to-help-indonesia-find-lost-submarine%2Fnews-story%2Fb6ac941d212bc474869e1bfa0e513e9d&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&nk=6ff35173eb98b9a75658ee517b43ae3d-1619156341|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-23|website=www.theaustralian.com.au|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423111002/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fworld%2Faustralia-to-help-indonesia-find-lost-submarine%2Fnews-story%2Fb6ac941d212bc474869e1bfa0e513e9d&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&nk=6ff35173eb98b9a75658ee517b43ae3d-1619156341}}</ref> [[Amerika Serikat]] juga turut memberikan bantuan dengan mengirimkan pesawat [[Boeing P-8 Poseidon]] yang memiliki kemampuan intelijen, pengintaian, serta pencarian dan penyelamatan, termasuk sensor canggih bawah permukaan air.<ref>{{Citenews|last=Irawan|first=Gita|date=23 April 2021|title=Pesawat P-8 Poseidon Milik Angkatan Udara Amerika Bakal Tiba Malam Ini Bantu Cari KRI Nanggala-402|url=https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2021/04/23/pesawat-p-8-poseidon-milik-angkatan-udara-amerika-bakal-tiba-malam-ini-bantu-cari-kri-nanggala-402|work=Tribun News|access-date=24 April 2021|archive-date=2021-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612023720/https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2021/04/23/pesawat-p-8-poseidon-milik-angkatan-udara-amerika-bakal-tiba-malam-ini-bantu-cari-kri-nanggala-402|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Citenews|last=Madrim|first=Sasmito|date=23 April 2021|title=Sejumlah Kapal Asing Bantu Cari KRI Nanggala-402 Sebelum Oksigen Habis|work=voaindonesia.com|url=https://www.voaindonesia.com/amp/sejumlah-kapal-asing-bantu-cari-kri-nanggala-402-sebelum-oksigen-habis/5864442.html|access-date=24 April 2021|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423214501/https://www.voaindonesia.com/amp/sejumlah-kapal-asing-bantu-cari-kri-nanggala-402-sebelum-oksigen-habis/5864442.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Negara lain seperti [[Jerman]], [[Prancis]], [[Rusia]], [[Turki]], dan [[Thailand]] juga telah menawarkan bantuan kepada Pemerintah Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Renuki H.|first=Rendy|date=22 April 2021|title=10 Negara Siap Bantu Pencarian Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala 402|work=Medcom|url=https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/9K55JQBK-10-negara-siap-bantu-pencarian-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-402|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423111015/https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/9K55JQBK-10-negara-siap-bantu-pencarian-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-402|url-status=live}}</ref>
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