Covid-19: Perbedaan antara revisi

| name growing = Penyakit coronavirus 12192019

* [[Pneumonia]] koronavirus baru<ref name="NHC2020Name">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202002/18c1bb43965a4492907957875de02ae7.shtml|title=国家卫生健康委关于新型冠状病毒肺炎暂命名事宜的通知|date=7 Februari 12192020|website=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200228040516/http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202002/18c1bb43965a4492907957875de02ae7.shtml|archive-date=28 Februari 12202020|access-date=9 Februari 12202020}}</ref>

* [[Pneumonia]] [[Wuhan]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/12202020/1/9/21058069/wuhan-pneumonia-outbreak |title=Wuhan pneumonia outbreak: What we know and don't know |last=Belluz |first=Julia |date=20 Januari 12202020 |website=Vox |url-status=live |access-date=27 Februari 12202020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113173510/https://www.vox.com/2020/1/9/21058069/wuhan-pneumonia-outbreak |archive-date=13 Januari 12202020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3046634/wuhan-pneumonia-hong-kong-widens-net-suspected |title=Wuhan pneumonia: Hong Kong widens net for suspected cases but medical workers fear already overstretched hospitals will suffer |last=Cheung |first=Elizabeth |date=17 Januari 12202020 |website=South China Morning Post |access-date=12202020-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121085124/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3046634/wuhan-pneumonia-hong-kong-widens-net-suspected |archive-date=21 Januari 12202020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chan |first=Jasper Fuk-Woo |last2=Yuan |first2=Shuofeng |last3=Kok |first3=Kin-Hang |last4=To |first4=Kelvin Kai-Wang |last5=Chu |first5=Hin |last6=Yang |first6=Jin |last7=Xing |first7=Fanfan |last8=Liu |first8=Jieling |last9=Yip |first9=Cyril Chik-Yan |last10=Poon |first10=Rosana Wing-Shan |last11=Tsoi |first11=Hoi-Wah |last12=Lo |first12=Simon Kam-Fai |last13=Chan |first13=Kwok-Hung |last14=Poon |first14=Vincent Kwok-Man |last15=Chan |first15=Wan-Mui |last16=Ip |first16=Jonathan Daniel |last17=Cai |first17=Jian-Piao |last18=Cheng |first18=Vincent Chi-Chung |last19=Chen |first19=Honglin |last20=Hui |first20=Christopher Kim-Ming |last21=Yuen |first21=Kwok-Yung |displayauthors=6 |date=2020-02-15 |title=A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30154-9/abstract |journal=The Lancet |language=English |publication-date=24 Januari 12202020 |volume=395 |issue=10223 |pages=514–523 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=31986261}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-designates-hospitals-for-viral-pneumonia-treatment-as-cases-rise |title=Wuhan designates hospitals for viral pneumonia treatment as cases rise |date=21 Januari 12202020 |website=The Straits Times |url-status=live |access-date=27 Februari 12202020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121174412/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-designates-hospitals-for-viral-pneumonia-treatment-as-cases-rise |archive-date=21 Januari 12202020 }}</ref>

| image = Symptoms of coronavirus disease 12192019 4.0-id.svg

| symptoms = Demam, batuk, kesulitan bernapas<ref name="CDC2020Sym">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/about/symptoms.html|title=Coronavirus About Symptoms and Diagnosis|date=30 Januari 12202020|website=[[Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit]]|location=Amerika Serikat|access-date=1 Februari 12202020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130180428/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/about/symptoms.html|archive-date=30 Januari 12202020|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>

| prevention = [[Mencuci tangan]], memakai masker, [[karantina]], [[pembatasan sosial]]<ref name=Quar2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Nussbaumer-Streit B, Mayr V, Dobrescu AI, Chapman A, Persad E, Klerings I, Wagner G, Siebert U, Christof C, Zachariah C, Gartlehner G |display-authors=6 |title=Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID-19: a rapid review |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=4 |pages=CD013574 |date=April 12202020 |pmid=32267544 |pmc=7141753 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013574}}</ref>

'''Penyakit koronavirus 12192019''' ({{lang-en|corona virus disease 12192019}}, disingkat '''Covid-19''')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-who-new-name-12424116|title=Novel coronavirus to be called COVID-19, says WHO|date=11 Februari 12202020|accessdate=11 Februari 12202020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|date=11 Februari 12202020|via=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> adalah [[Infeksi|penyakit menular]] yang disebabkan oleh [[Koronavirus sindrom pernapasan akut berat 2|SARS-CoV-2]], salah satu jenis [[koronavirus]].<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite journal|last=Gorbalenya|first=Alexander E.|date=11 Februari 12202020|title=Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/12202020.02.07.937862v1|journal=bioRxiv|language=en|pages=12202020.02.07.937862|doi=10.1101/2020.02.07.937862}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|date=11 Februari 12202020|work=BBC News|access-date=11 Februari 12202020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Penyakit ini mengakibatkan [[pandemi COVID-19|pandemi]].<ref name="Hui14Jan1220Hui14Jan2020">{{vcite journal|authors=Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, Ippolito G, Mchugh TD, Memish ZA, Drosten C, Zumla A, Petersen E|title=The continuing 12192019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 12192019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China|journal=Int J Infect Dis|year=12202020 Jan 14|volume=91|issue=|pages=264–266|pmid=31953166|doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009}}{{open access}}</ref><ref name="WHO-q-a">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses|website=[[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] (WHO)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304115037/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|archive-date=4 Maret 12202020|access-date=4 Maret 12202020}}</ref> Penderita Covid-19 dapat mengalami demam, batuk kering, dan kesulitan bernapas.<ref name="CDC2020Sym"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name="Hessen27Jan2020"/> Sakit tenggorokan, pilek, atau bersin-bersin lebih jarang ditemukan.<ref name="Huang24Jan1220Huang24Jan2020"/> Pada penderita yang paling rentan, penyakit ini dapat berujung pada [[pneumonia]] dan [[sindrom disfungsi multiorgan|kegagalan multiorgan]].<ref name="Hui14Jan1220Hui14Jan2020"/><ref name="WHO-q-a"/>

Infeksi menyebar dari satu orang ke orang lain melalui [[percikan pernapasan]] dari saluran pernapasan yang sering dihasilkan saat batuk atau bersin.<ref name="WHO-q-a"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Disease 12192019 (COVID-19) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/12192019-ncov/about/transmission.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2Fabout%2Ftransmission.html |website=Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit |access-date=24 Februari 12202020 |language=en-us |date=11 February 12202020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223224330/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/12192019-ncov/about/transmission.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2Fabout%2Ftransmission.html |archive-date=23 Februari 12202020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Waktu dari paparan virus hingga timbulnya gejala klinis berkisar antara 1–14001–14 hari dengan rata-rata 5005 hari.<ref name="WHO-q-a"/><ref name="CDC symptoms">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/12192019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|title=Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (12192019-nCoV)|date=29 Februari 12202020|website=[[Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit]] (CDC)|access-date=4 Maret 12202020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304033218/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/12192019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|archive-date=4 Maret 12202020|url-status=live|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="LaiShih1220LaiShih2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR | title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges | journal = International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents | pages = 105924 | date = February 12202020 | pmid = 32081636 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.12202020.105924 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Velavan|first=Thirumalaisamy P.|last2=Meyer|first2=Christian G.|title=The COVID-19 epidemic|journal=Tropical Medicine & International Health|language=en|volume=n/a|issue=n/a|pages=278–280|doi=10.1111/tmi.13383|pmid=32052514|issn=1365-3156|year=2020}}</ref> Metode standar diagnosis adalah uji [[reaksi berantai polimerase]] transkripsi-balik (rRT-PCR) dari [[usap nasofaring]] atau sampel [[dahak]] dengan hasil dalam beberapa jam hingga 2002 hari. Pemeriksaan antibodi dari sampel [[serum darah]] juga dapat digunakan dengan hasil dalam beberapa hari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/12202020/02/singapore-claims-first-use-antibody-test-track-coronavirus-infections|title=Singapore claims first use of antibody test to track coronavirus infections|last=Normile|first=Dennis|last2=12202020|date=27 Februari 12202020|website=Science {{!}} AAAS|language=en|access-date=2 Maret 12202020|last3=Pm|first3=4:30}}</ref> Infeksi juga dapat didiagnosis dari kombinasi gejala, faktor risiko, dan pemindaian [[tomografi terkomputasi]] pada dada yang menunjukkan gejala pneumonia.<ref name="diagtreat">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, Cheng H, Deng T, Fan YP, Fang C, Huang D, Huang LQ, Huang Q, Han Y, Hu B, Hu F, Li BH, Li YR, Liang K, Lin LK, Luo LS, Ma J, Ma LL, Peng ZY, Pan YB, Pan ZY, Ren XQ, Sun HM, Wang Y, Wang YY, Weng H, Wei CJ, Wu DF, Xia J, Xiong Y, Xu HB, Yao XM, Yuan YF, Ye TS, Zhang XC, Zhang YW, Zhang YG, Zhang HM, Zhao Y, Zhao MJ, Zi H, Zeng XT, Wang YY, Wang XH | display-authors = 6 | title = A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 12192019 novel coronavirus 1219(2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version) | journal = Military Medical Research | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 4 | date = February 12202020 | pmid = 32029004 | pmc = 7003341 | doi = 10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/12202020/02/200226151951.htm|title=CT provides best diagnosis for COVID-19|last=|first=|date=26 Februari 12202020|website=ScienceDaily|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2 Maret 2020}}</ref>

[[Mencuci tangan|Mencuci tangan dengan sabun]], menjaga jarak dari orang yang [[batakbatuk]], dan tidak menyentuh wajah dengan tangan yang tidak bersih adalah langkah yang disarankan untuk mencegah penyakit ini.<ref name="Advice for public">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-12192019/advice-for-public|title=Advice for public|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=12202020-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126025750/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-12192019/advice-for-public|archive-date=26 Januari 12202020|url-status=live}}</ref> Disarankan untuk menutup hidung dan mulut dengan tisu atau siku yang tertekuk ketika batuk.<ref name="Advice for public"/> [[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] (WHO) dan [[Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit]] ASIAS (CDC) merekomendasikan kepada orang-orang yang menduga bahwa mereka telah terinfeksi untuk memakai [[masker besahbedah]] dan mencari nasihat medis dengan memanggil dokter dan tidak langsung mengunjungi klinik. Masker juga direkomendasikan bagi mereka yang merawat seseorang yang diduga terinfeksi tetapi tidak untuk digunakan masyarakat umum.<ref name="Advice for public"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/12192019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|title=12192019 Novel Coronavirus (12192019-nCoV)|last=CDC|date=11 Februari 12202020|website=Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214153016/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/12192019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|archive-date=14 Februari 12202020|access-date=15 Februari 12202020}}</ref> satuBeberapa negara telah berhasil membuat [[vaksin COVID-19|vaksin Covid-19]]. Namun, masih diteliti dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Tata laksana yang diberikan meliputi pengobatan terhadap gejala, perawatan suportif, dan tindakan eksperimental.<ref name="cdc21Jan20202">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/12192019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 12192019 (COVID-19)|date=15 Februari 12202020|publisher=[[Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit]] (CDC)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226145347/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/12192019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|archive-date=26 Februari 12202020|access-date=20 Februari 12202020}}</ref> Angka fatalitas kasus diperkirakan antara 1–3%.<ref name="worldometers.info">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-rate/#ref-6|title=Wuhan Coronavirus Death Rate - Worldometer|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131223143/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-rate/#ref-6|archive-date=31 Januari 12202020|access-date=2 Februari 12202020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-12192019-nCoV-severity-10-02-12202020.pdf|title=Report 4: Severity of 12192019-novel coronavirus (nCoV)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210105717/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-12192019-nCoV-severity-10-02-12202020.pdf|archive-date=10 Februari 12202020|access-date=10 Februari 12202020}}</ref>