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'''4X''' adalah istilah untuk ''[[Genre permainan video|subgenre]]'' [[strategi]] dalam [[permainan video]] di mana pemain terlibat dalam mengontrol {mengendalikan} kekuasaan dalam bentuk sistem pemerintahan sekaligus '''e''x''plore''' (menjelajahi tempat), '''e''x''pand''' (memperluas wilayah kekuasaan), '''e''x''ploit''' (memanfaatkan [[sumber daya alam]]), dan '''e''x''terminate''' (menghancurkan musuh).<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is a 4X Game? {{!}} DiamondLobby|url=https://diamondlobby.com/general/what-is-a-4x-game/|website=diamondlobby.com|language=en-US|access-date=2021-09-16}}</ref> Istilah ini pertama kali diciptakan oleh [[Alan Emrich]] pada [[September]] [[1993]] sebagai pratinjau dari ''[[Master of Orion]]'' untuk ''[[Computer Gaming World]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tack|first=Daniel|title=Master of Orion Review – Streamlining The Stars|url=https://www.gameinformer.com/games/master_of_orion/b/pc/archive/2016/08/25/streamlining-the-stars.aspx|website=Game Informer|language=en|access-date=2021-09-16}}</ref> Sejak itu, orang lain telah mengadopsi istilah tersebut untuk menggambarkan permainan dengan lingkup dan [[Desain permainan|desain]] yang sama.
Permainan video ''subgenre'' 4X terkenal akan ''[[cara permainan|gameplay]]'' yang mendalam dan kompleks. Penekanan ditempatkan pada [[pembangunan ekonomi]] dan [[teknologi]], serta berbagai rute non-militer hingga ke [[supremasi]]. Permainan dapat memakan waktu yang lama untuk diselesaikan karena jumlah [[manajemen mikro]] yang diperlukan untuk mempertahankan skala kerajaan sebagai kekaisaran. Gim 4X kadang-kadang dikritik menjadi permainan yang membosankan karena alasan ini, dan beberapa permainan telah berusaha untuk mengatasi masalah ini dengan membatasi [[manajemen]] mikro dengan berbagai tingkat keberhasilan.
== Daftar permainan ==
Beberapa contoh permainan video yang menerapkan genre 4x dari tahun ke tahun adalah seri ''Space Empires'' (1993-2006), ''Galactic Civilizations II: Dark Avatar'' (2007),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-06-13|title=Space Empires III - Game of Galactic Conquest|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613041957/http://www.malfador.com/se3.html|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-09-18|title=IGN: Galactic Civilizations II: Dark Avatar Review|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918213058/http://pc.ign.com/articles/763/763792p1.html|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-09-05|title=Galactic Civilizations II: Dark Avatar for PC Review - PC Galactic Civilizations II: Dark Avatar Review|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905054807/http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/galacticcivilizations2darkavatar/review.html|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-20}}</ref> ''Reach for the Stars'' (1983),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-23|title=GameSpot:Video Games PC Xbox 360 PS3 Wii PSP DS PS2 PlayStation 2 GameCube GBA PlayStation 3|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023174215/http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/pc/history_spaceempire/p2_01.html|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-21}}</ref> ''Stellar Crusade'' (1988),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-23|title=GameSpot:Video Games PC Xbox 360 PS3 Wii PSP DS PS2 PlayStation 2 GameCube GBA PlayStation 3|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023090301/http://www.gamespot.com:80/gamespot/features/pc/history_spaceempire/p2_02.html|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-21}}</ref> ''Spaceward Ho'' (1990), ''Armada 2525'' (1991),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Butts|first=Steve|date=2009-11-19|title=Armada 2526 Hands On|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/11/19/armada-2526-hands-on|website=IGN|language=en|access-date=2022-08-21}}</ref> ''VGA Planets'' (1992),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-23|title=GameSpot:Video Games PC Xbox 360 PS3 Wii PSP DS PS2 PlayStation 2 GameCube GBA PlayStation 3|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023073433/http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/pc/history_spaceempire/p2_03.html|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-21}}</ref> ''Master of Orion'' (1993),<ref>{{Cite web|last=published|first=Leif Johnson|date=2016-08-26|title=Master of Orion review|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/master-of-orion-review/|website=pcgamer|language=en|access-date=2022-08-21}}</ref> ''Colonization'' (1994), ''Ascendancy'' (1995),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wilbur|first=Brock|date=2018-05-05|title=DOS Boot: Ascendancy had brilliant worlds and a dunce of an AI|url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/dos-boot-ascendancy-had-brilliant-worlds-and-a-dunce-of-an-ai|newspaper=Rock, Paper, Shotgun|language=en|access-date=2022-08-21}}</ref> ''Emperor of the Fading Suns'' (1996),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-23|title=GameSpot:Video Games PC Xbox 360 PS3 Wii PSP DS PS2 PlayStation 2 GameCube GBA PlayStation 3|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023174225/http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/pc/history_spaceempire/p3_06.html|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-21}}</ref> ''Fragile Allegiance'' (1997),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vega|first=Sin|date=2016-09-08|title=Fragile Allegiance & The RTS Formula That Never Was|url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/fragile-allegiance-pc-review|newspaper=Rock, Paper, Shotgun|language=en|access-date=2022-08-21}}</ref> ''Star Wars: Rebellion'' (1998),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=published|first=Malindy Hetfeld Contributions from Alyssa Mercante|date=2022-07-01|title=The best 4X games that embody the classic genre|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/best-4x-games/|website=gamesradar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-21}}</ref> dan ''Imperialisme II: Age of Exploration'' (1999).<ref name=":0" />
== Definisi ==
Genre permainan video 4X telah didefinisikan memiliki empat ''gameplay'' berikut:<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-12|title=Civilization IV: Warlords Guide & Walkthrough - PC - IGN|url=http://uk.guides.ign.com/guides/818084/page_2.html|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-06-07|archive-date=2012-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312080743/http://uk.guides.ign.com/guides/818084/page_2.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
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