Gereja: Perbedaan antara revisi

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=== Kekristenan sedunia ===
{{Main|Kekristenan sedunia}}
Sejumlah sejarawan telah mencermati terjadinya suatu "pergeseran global" Kekristenan, dari agama yang lebih lazim dijumpai di Eropa dan Amerika menjadi agama yang lazim dijumpai di [[belahan bumi selatan]].<ref name="Walls2015">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hNq6BwAAQBAJ|title=Missionary Movement in Christian History: Studies in the Transmission of Faith|date=1996|publisher=Orbis Books|isbn=978-1-60833-106-2|author=Andrew F. Walls}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.internationalbulletin.org/issues/2000-02/2000-02-050-robert.pdf|title=Shifting Southward: Global Christianity Since 1945|first=Dana L.|last=Robert|pages=50–58|journal=International Bulletin of Missionary Research|date=April 2000|volume=24|issue=2|doi=10.1177/239693930002400201|s2cid=152096915}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b-hUWm88QGkC|title=The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity|last=Jenkins|first=Philip|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199767465|location=New York}}</ref> Istilah "Kekristenan sedunia" atau "Kekristenan global" berupaya menyampaikan hakikat global dari agama Kristen.<!-- Meskipun demikian, istilah tersebut kerap berfokus pada “Kekristenan non-[[Kekristenan Barat|Barat]]” yang “mencakup ragam-ragam (usuallyyang thebiasanya exoticeksotis) instancesagama ofKristen Christiandi faith‘belahan indunia ‘the global South’selatan’, indi Asia, AfricaAfrika, anddan LatinAmerika AmericaLatin.”<ref>{{cite book|page=2|title=Christianity as a World Religion|author-last1=Kim|author-first1=Sebastian|author-last2=Kim|author-first2=Kirsteen|publisher=Continuum|location=London|date=2008}}</ref> ItKekristenan alsonon-Barat includesjuga mencakup ragam-ragam [[Indigenous peoples|indigenouspribumi]] oratau [[diaspora|diasporicperantauan]] formsdi inEropa Western EuropeBarat anddan NorthAmerika AmericaUtara.<ref name="Hanciles2008">{{cite book|author=Jehu Hanciles|title=Beyond Christendom: Globalization, African Migration, and the Transformation of the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vmCDAwAAQBAJ|year=2008|publisher=Orbis Books|isbn=978-1-60833-103-1}}</ref>
 
=== Perdebatan-perdebatan lain ===
===Other debates===
Perdebatan-perdebatan lain mencakup wacana-wacana berikut ini:
Other debates include the following:
* "Kegerejaan" adalah istilah sindiran terhadap amalan-amalan [[Kekristenan]] yang dipandang lebih mengutamakan kebiasaan-kebiasaan hidup bergereja atau tradisi-tradisi ke[[lembaga]]annya ketimbang [[Pelayanan Yesus|ajaran-ajaran Yesus]]. Lantaran "kristus" diganti dengan "gereja", istilah "kekristenan" pun berubah menjadi "ke''gereja''an". Sebagian umat Protestan menggunakannya untuk menyifatkan golongan-golongan umat Kristen yang mereka anggap sudah mengalihkan perhatiannya dari Kristus kepada Gereja. Golongan lain, misalnya Gereja Ortodoks dan Gereja Katolik, memandang Kristus sebagai pusat, tetapi sekaligus mementingkan Gereja (''[[extra Ecclesiam nulla salus]]'') karena kemanunggalan yang padu antara Kristus dan Gereja dijabarkan di dalam nas-nas Alkitab semisal [[Surat Paulus kepada Jemaat di Efesus]] (baca artikel [[Mempelai Kristus]]).
* "Churchianity" is a pejorative term for practices of [[Christianity]] that are viewed as placing more emphasis on the habits of church life or its [[institution]]al traditions than on the [[Ministry of Jesus|teachings of Jesus]]. Hence the replacement of "Christ" by "Church" in the word "''Church''ianity". Some Protestants apply it to churches that they view as having moved the central focus from Christ to the Church. Others, such as the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, see Christ as the centre, but the Church also as essential (''[[extra Ecclesiam nulla salus]]'') because of the close union between Christ and the Church described in Biblical passages such as the [[Epistle to the Ephesians]] (see [[Bride of Christ]]).
* Ada banyak opini tentang akhir nasib jiwa orang-orang yang bukan bagian dari suatu gereja kelembagaan tertentu. Maksudnya, warga suatu gereja tertentu mungkin saja percaya atau tidak percaya bahwa jiwa orang-orang di luar organisasi Gereja mereka dapat beroleh keselamatan atau akan diselamatkan.
* There are many opinions as to the ultimate fate of the souls of individuals who are not part of a particular institutional church, i.e., members of a particular church may or may not believe that the souls of those outside their church organization can or will be saved.
* Pernah muncul perdebatan di kalangan Kristen Protestan mengenai benar tidaknya Gereja sesungguhnya adalah suatu lembaga surgawi yang bersatu padu, dengan menurunkan status lembaga-lembaga duniawi ke taraf sekunder.
* It has been debated in Protestantism whether or not the Christian Church is in fact a unified heavenly institution with the earthly institutions relegated to secondary status.-->
 
== Baca juga ==