Vellum: Perbedaan antara revisi

Vellum umumnya halus dan tahan lama, meskipun ada variasi besar tergantung cara penyiapan dan kualitas kulit. Pembuatannya meliputi pembersihan, pemutihan, pembentangan pada suatu kerangka (suatu "''herse''"), dan pengerutan permukaan kulit dengan pisau berbentuk sabit (sebuah “lunarium” atau “lunellum”). Untuk menghasilkan suatu tensi, kerutan diselang seling dengan pembasahan dan pengeringan. Hasil akhir dicapai dengan menggosok permukaan menggunakan suatu ''pumice'', dan membubuhkan larutan [[kalsium hidroksida]] (''lime'') atau kapur untuk membuat permukaan itu dapat menerima tinta tulisan atau cetak.<ref name=":0">http://www.archives.gov/preservation/formats/paper-vellum.html</ref>

 

<!--

In Europe, from Roman times, the term vellum was used for the best quality of prepared skin, regardless of the animal from which the hide was obtained, [[calfskin|calf]], [[Sheepskin (material)|sheep]], and goat all being commonly used (other animals, including pig, deer, donkey, horse, or camel have been used). Although the term derives from the French for "calf", except for [[Muslim]] or [[Jewish]] use, animal vellum can include hide from virtually any other mammal. The best quality, "uterine vellum", was said to be made from the skins of [[stillbirth|stillborn]] or unborn animals, although the term was also applied to fine quality skins made from young animals. Many libraries and museums increasingly use only the safe if confusing term "membrane"; depending on factors such as the method of preparation it may be very hard to determine the animal involved without using a laboratory, and the term avoids the need to distinguish between vellum and parchment.

 

French sources, closer to the original etymology, tend to define ''velin'' as from calf only, while the [[British Standards Institution]] defines parchment as made from the split skin of several species, and vellum from the unsplit skin.<ref>Young, Laura, A., ''Bookbinding & conservation by hand: a working guide'', Oak Knoll Press, 1995, ISBN 1-884718-11-6, ISBN 978-1-884718-11-3, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=G7tUPQdT2hcC&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=sheep+vellum&source=bl&ots=Op-7E6tE48&sig=jX7CogBbfQLEvoXSj1Xz2R5xCRg&hl=en&ei=hfyOSvfFFc2hjAfb17n8DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9#v=onepage&q=sheep%20vellum&f=false Google books]</ref> In the usage of modern practitioners of the artistic crafts of writing, illuminating, lettering, and bookbinding, "vellum" is normally reserved for calfskin, while any other skin is called "parchment".<ref>[[Edward Johnston|Johnston, E.]] (1906 et seq.) ''Writing, Illuminating, and Lettering''; Lamb, C.M. (ed.)(1956) ''The Calligrapher's Handbook''; and publications of [[Society of Scribes & Illuminators]]</ref>

-->

== Pembuatan ==

[[Berkas:Portolan by Jacobus Russus of Messina 1533.jpg|jmpl|250px|ka|Suatu peta (''portolan chart'') karya Jacobo Russo (Giacomo Russo) dari Messina (1533) pada lembaran vellum]]