Cacar monyet: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Cacar monyet''' ({{Lang-en|monkeypox}}) adalah [[penyakit menular]] yang disebabkan oleh infeksi [[virus cacar monyet]] pada sejumlah hewan, termasuk manusia.<ref name="CDC2015About">{{cite web|date=11 May 2015|title=About Monkeypox|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/about.html|website=CDC|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202400/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/about.html|archive-date=15 October 2017|access-date=15 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Gejalanya dimulai dengan [[demam]], sakit kepala, nyari otot, [[pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening]], dan rasa lelah. Hal ini kemudian diikuti oleh munculnya ruam yang membentuk [[lepuh]] dan krusta pada kulit. Masa inkubasi antara paparan virus hingga timbulnya gejala klinis sekitar 10 hari. Gejala-gejala tersebut akan dialami penderita selama dua pekan.<ref name=CDC2017Sym>{{cite web |title=Signs and Symptoms Monkeypox |url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/symptoms.html |website=CDC |access-date=15 October 2017 |language=en-us |date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202514/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/symptoms.html |archive-date=15 October 2017 }}</ref> Virus cacar monyet termasuk dalam marga (genus) Orthopoxvirus dalam famili Poxviridae.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nurosalina|first=Bunga|date=2022-08-24|title=https://www.baperanews.com/5-fakta-penting-tentang-cacar-monyet-dan-vaksin-yang-disetujui-fda|url=Virus cacar monyet termasuk dalam marga (genus) Orthopoxvirus dalam famili Poxviridae|work=Bapera News|access-date=2022-08-29}}</ref>

[[Vaksin cacar]] (variola) dapat mencegah infeksi dengan efektivitas 85%.<ref name="CDC2015Out" /><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=Treatment {{!}} Monkeypox {{!}} Poxvirus {{!}} CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/treatment.html|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615121759/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/treatment.html|archive-date=2019-06-15|access-date=2022-05-18|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tahun 2019, vaksin cacar monyet, Jynneos (juga dikenal sebagai Imvanex di Uni Eropa dan Imvamune di Kanada<ref name="NIAID Supply">{{cite web|date=26 September 2019|title=Smallpox Vaccine Supply & Strength|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/smallpox-vaccine|website=[[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]] (NIAID)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017060706/https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/smallpox-vaccine|archive-date=17 October 2019|access-date=16 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>), telah disetujui untuk diaplikasikan pada orang dewasa di Amerika Serikat.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=24 September 2019|title=FDA approves first live, non-replicating vaccine to prevent smallpox and monkeypox|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-live-non-replicating-vaccine-prevent-smallpox-and-monkeypox|website=FDA|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017055501/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-live-non-replicating-vaccine-prevent-smallpox-and-monkeypox|archive-date=17 October 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Terdapat 2 jenis vaksin cacar monyet yang disetujui FDA, yakni vaksin JYNNEOS dan vaksin ACAM2000.[<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nurosalina|first=Bunga|date=2022-08-24|title=5 Fakta Penting Tentang Cacar Monyet Dan Vaksin Yang Disetujui FDA|url=https://www.baperanews.com/5-fakta-penting-tentang-cacar-monyet-dan-vaksin-yang-disetujui-fda]|work=Baperanews.com|access-date=2022-08-29}}</ref> Terapi standar yang digunakan saat ini adalah [[tecovirimat]], antivirus yang secara khusus ditujukan untuk mengobati infeksi [[Orthopoxvirus|virus orthopox]] seperti cacar dan cacar monyet. Obat ini disetujui untuk mengobati cacar monyet di Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. [[Cidofovir]] atau [[brincidofovir]] mungkin juga bermanfaat untuk penyakit ini.<ref name="Mc2014" /><ref name="CDC2019Tx">{{cite web|date=28 December 2018|title=Treatment {{!}} Monkeypox {{!}} Poxvirus {{!}} CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/treatment.html|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615121759/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/treatment.html|archive-date=15 June 2019|access-date=11 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Risiko kematian, jika tidak diobati, dilaporkan sebesar 10% hingga 11% untuk klad Cekungan Kongo (Afrika Tengah).<ref name="CDC2017Sym" /><ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marriott KA, Parkinson CV, Morefield SI, Davenport R, Nichols R, Monath TP | title = Clonal vaccinia virus grown in cell culture fully protects monkeys from lethal monkeypox challenge | journal = Vaccine | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 581–588 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 18077063 | doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.063 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385|website=[[World Health Organization]]|access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref>