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{{Main|Urbanisasi}}
[[Urbanisasi]] adalah proses migrasi dari pedesaan ke perkotaan yang didorong oleh berbagai faktor politik, ekonomi, dan budaya. Sampai abad ke-18, ada keseimbangan antara populasi pertanian pedesaan dan kota-kota yang memiliki [[pasar]] dan manufaktur skala kecil.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/26447633/The_Urbanization_and_Political_Development_of_the_World_System_A_comparative_quantitative_analysis The Urbanization and Political Development of the World System:A comparative quantitative analysis. ''History & Mathematics'' 2 (2006): 115–153] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518123528/https://www.academia.edu/26447633/The_Urbanization_and_Political_Development_of_the_World_System_A_comparative_quantitative_analysis |date=18 May 2019 }}.</ref><ref name="FreyZimmer2001">William H. Frey & Zachary Zimmer, "Defining the City"; in Paddison (2001).</ref> Dengan adanya [[Revolusi Pertanian Britania|revolusi pertanian]] dan [[Revolusi Industri|industri]], penduduk perkotaan mulai bertumbuh pesat, baik melalui migrasi maupun melalui [[Transisi demografi|ekspansi demografi]]. Di [[Inggris]] proporsi penduduk yang tinggal di kota melonjak dari 17% pada tahun 1801 menjadi 72% pada tahun 1891.<ref name="urbanization">Christopher Watson, "[http://www.icup.org.uk/reports/ICUP601.pdf Trends in urbanization] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305100017/http://icup.org.uk/reports/icup601.pdf |date=2016-03-05 }}", ''[http://www.icup.org.uk/icupindex.asp?CID=1 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Urban Pests] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010005338/http://www.icup.org.uk/icupindex.asp?CID=1 |date=2017-10-10 }}'', ed. K.B. Wildey and William H. Robinson, 1993.</ref> Pada tahun 1900, 15% dari populasi dunia tinggal di kota.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Annez|first1=Patricia Clarke|last2=Buckley|first2=Robert M.|chapter=Urbanization and Growth: Setting the Context|chapter-url=http://www2.lawrence.edu/fast/finklerm/chapter1urban.pdf|title=Urbanization and Growth|editor1-last=Spence|editor1-first=Michael|editor2-last=Annez|editor2-first=Patricia Clarke|editor3-last=Buckley|editor3-first=Robert M.|isbn=978-0-8213-7573-0|year=2009|access-date=20 May 2017|archive-date=25 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525012907/http://www2.lawrence.edu/fast/finklerm/chapter1urban.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Daya tarik budaya kota juga berperan dalam menarik penduduk.<ref name=
Urbanisasi dengan cepat menyebar ke seluruh Eropa dan Amerika dan sejak tahun 1950-an juga terjadi di Asia dan Afrika. Divisi Kependudukan dari [[Departemen Urusan Ekonomi dan Sosial Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]], melaporkan pada tahun 2014 bahwa untuk pertama kalinya lebih dari separuh penduduk dunia tinggal di kota.<ref name="SenguptaUN2014">Somini Sengupta, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/world/more-than-half-the-global-population-growth-is-urban-united-nations-report-finds.html U.N. Finds Most People Now Live in Cities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705095538/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/world/more-than-half-the-global-population-growth-is-urban-united-nations-report-finds.html |date=5 July 2017 }}"; ''New York Times'', 10 July 2014. Referring to: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; ''[https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/ World Urbanization Prospects: 2014 Revision] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706115325/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/ |date=2018-07-06 }}''; New York: United Nations, 2014.</ref>{{efn|Intellectuals such as [[H.G. Wells]], [[Patrick Geddes]] and [[Kingsley Davis]] foretold the coming of a mostly urban world throughout the twentieth century.<ref name=BrennerSchmid2013>Neil Brenner & Christian Schmid, "[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2427.12115/pdf The 'Urban Age' in Question] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711083043/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2427.12115/pdf |date=11 July 2017 }}"; ''International Journal of Urban and Regional Research'' 38(3), 2013; {{doi|10.1111/1468-2427.12115}}.</ref><ref>McQuillin (1937/1987), §1.55.</ref> The United Nations has long anticipated a half-urban world, earlier predicting the year 2000 as the turning point<ref>"[https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Archive/Files/studies/United%20Nations%20(1980)%20-%20Patterns%20of%20Urban%20and%20Rural%20Population%20Growth.pdf Patterns of Urban and Rural Population Growth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113035655/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Archive/Files/studies/United%20Nations%20(1980)%20-%20Patterns%20of%20Urban%20and%20Rural%20Population%20Growth.pdf |date=2018-11-13 }}", Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Population Studies No. 68; New York, United Nations, 1980; p. 15. "If the projections prove to be accurate, the next century will begin just after the world population achieves an urban majority; in 2000, the world is projected to be 51.3 per cent urban."</ref><ref>Edouart Glissant (Editor-in-Chief), UNESCO "Courier" ("[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000634/063438eo.pdf The Urban Explosion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612024752/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000634/063438eo.pdf |date=12 June 2017 }}"), March 1985.</ref> and in 2007 writing that it would occur in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007WUP_Highlights_web.pdf|title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-date=13 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813042845/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007WUP_Highlights_web.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other researchers had also estimated that the halfway point was reached in 2007.<ref>Mike Hanlon, "[http://newatlas.com/go/7334/ World Population Becomes More Urban Than Rural] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628111021/http://newatlas.com/go/7334/ |date=28 June 2017 }}"; ''New Atlas'', 28 May 2007.</ref> Although the trend is undeniable, the precision of this statistic is dubious, due to reliance on national censuses and to the ambiguities of defining an area as urban.<ref name=BrennerSchmid2013 /><ref name=HugoEtAl2003>Graeme Hugo, Anthony Champion, & Alfredo Lattes, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3115228 Toward a New Conceptualization of Settlements for Demography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729082041/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3115228 |date=29 July 2020 }}", ''Population and Development Review'' 29(2), June 2003.</ref>}}
Baris 153:
* [[Kota otonom]]
* [[Daftar kabupaten dan kota Indonesia]]
== Catatan ==
{{notelist}}
== Referensi ==
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