SPAM (makanan): Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
'''SPAM''' adalah merek daging kaleng yang diproduksi oleh perusahaan [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]] yaitu [[Hormel|Hormel Foods Corporation]].<ref>[https://www.livescience.com/32813-hormel-spam-no-mystery-meat.html How Do They Make Spam?]. Live SCeine (2010-09-16). Retrieved 2022-01-28.</ref> SPAM muncul pada tahun 1936 yang merupakan akronim dari [[bahasa Inggris]] '''''S'''houlder of '''P'''ork and h'''AM''''' dan menurut sumber lain bisa juga '''''SP'''iced h'''AM'''''. Perusahaan mengatakan bahwa "hanya lingkaran sempit mantan [[direktur]] yang mengetahui [[akronim]] yang tepat."
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Baris 27:
Banyak SPAM dikonsumsi oleh orang miskin di tahun-tahun pasca perang; tak heran jika selama ini SPAM dikonsumsi oleh [[Bangsa Inggris|orang Inggris]]. Dibawah [[Lend-Lease]], SPAM juga dipasok ke [[Uni Soviet]]. SPAM yang diproduksi hingga saat ini, sejak merek tersebut muncul hingga akhir tahun 2007, terjual 7 milyar kaleng.<ref name="FAQ">{{cite web |last=Waxman |first=Olivia B. |url=http://time.com/4827451/spam-history-80th-anniversary/ |title=Spam Turns 80: History and Origins of Canned Meat |publisher=Time.com |date=July 5, 2017 |access-date=October 30, 2017 |archive-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211220758/http://time.com/4827451/spam-history-80th-anniversary/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Wilayah konsumsi ==
=== Amerika ===
==== Amerika Serikat dan teritorialnya ====
[[Berkas:Baked Spam with Cloves.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Spam bakar]]
Di dalam negeri, keunggulan utama SPAM adalah keterjangkauan, aksesibilitas, dan umur simpan yang diperpanjang.<ref name="OxfordSpam">{{cite book |last = Smith |first = Andrew |title = The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink |date = May 1, 2007 |publisher = Oxford University Press |isbn = 978-0-19988576-3 |pages = 559–60 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GZVweuXhZlkC&pg=PA559 |access-date = January 8, 2016 |archive-date = January 9, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200109192950/https://books.google.com/books?id=GZVweuXhZlkC&pg=PA559 |url-status = live }}</ref> Statistik dari tahun [[1990]]-an mengatakan bahwa 3,8 ribu kaleng SPAM dikonsumsi setiap detik di [[Amerika Serikat]]<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Data Stream|magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]] |issue=25|publisher=[[Imagine Media]]|date=January 1997|page=28}}</ref>, dengan total hampir 122 juta kaleng setiap tahun. Ini menjadi bagian dari [[Diet (nutrisi)|diet]] hampir 30% rumah tangga di Amerika dan dirasakan di berbagai wilayah negara bagiannya.<ref>Kim, Sojin; Livengood, Mark (1995). [http://digest.champlain.edu/archivepdf/DIGESTvol15.pdf "Ramen Noodles and Spam: Popular Foods, Significant Tastes"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006180722/http://digest.champlain.edu/archivepdf/DIGESTvol15.pdf |date=October 6, 2014 }}, pp. 2–11. Retrieved September 18, 2014.</ref> Hal ini juga terkadang dikaitkan dengan kesulitan ekonomi karena biayanya yang relatif rendah.<ref name="SeriousSpam" >{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/business/15spam.html |title=Spam Turns Serious and Hormel Turns Out More |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Andrew |last=Martin |date=November 15, 2008 |access-date=May 23, 2010 |archive-date=April 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420154228/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/business/15spam.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
SPAM yang dijual di [[Amerika Utara]], [[Amerika Selatan]], dan [[Australia]] diproduksi di [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], [[Minnesota]] dan di [[Iowa]].<ref>Wyman, Carolyn. "Spam: A Biography." Harvest Books, 1999</ref> Akan tetapi di Austin dan Minnesota juga memiliki restoran dengan menu khusus untuk SPAM, yang disebut "Johnny's SPAMarama Menu".<ref>{{cite news|title=Spam Turns Serious and Hormel Turns Out More|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 14, 2008|access-date=July 5, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/business/15spam.html|archive-date=June 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615112611/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/business/15spam.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== Hawaii ====
[[File:Spam musubi at Ninja Sushi.jpg|thumb|right|Spam musubi adalah makanan ringan dan makan siang yang populer di [[Hawaii]]]]
Penduduk negara bagian Hawaii memiliki konsumsi per kapita tertinggi di [[Amerika Serikat]]. Persepsinya disana sangat berbeda dari di daratan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fashionable food: seven decades of food fads |last=Lovegren |first=Sylvia |year=2005 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=United States |isbn=978-0-226-49407-4 |page=190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZIRc28P5xYC |access-date=December 13, 2010 |archive-date=May 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524041627/https://books.google.com/books?id=fZIRc28P5xYC |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Orang Hawaii asli|Orang Hawaii]] terkadang menyebutnya "Portagee Steak".<ref>{{cite book |title=Hawaii's Spam Cookbook |last=Corum |first=Ann Kondo |year=1987 |publisher=Bess Press |location=United States |isbn=0935848495 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eTPLr0f2h0C&pg=PA135 |access-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-date=May 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524041636/https://books.google.com/books?id=8eTPLr0f2h0C&pg=PA135 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Hidangan lokal di Hawaii adalah SPAM musubi, dimana SPAM yang dimasak diletakkan di atas [[nasi]] dan dibungkus dengan [[nori]], sejenis nigiri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Spam.htm|title=Spam – Hawaiian Spam Musubi|publisher=Whatscookingamerica.net|access-date=July 5, 2013|archive-date=June 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619051047/http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Spam.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Varietas Spam ditemukan di [[Hawaii]] dan [[Saipan]] yang tak tersedia di pasar lain, termasuk SPAM madu, SPAM dengan [[Bakon]], dan SPAM Panas dan Pedas.<ref name="Star">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/06/11/burger_giants_wage_spam_war.html |first=Jaymes |last=Song |date=June 11, 2007 |work=The Star |title=Burger giants wage Spam war |location=Toronto |access-date=January 27, 2020 |archive-date=January 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127023150/https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/06/11/burger_giants_wage_spam_war.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Restoran [[Burger King]] Hawaii mulai menyajikan SPAM pada tahun [[2007]] untuk bersaing dengan jaringan [[McDonald's]] lokal (yang juga melayani Spam).<ref name="BurgerKingSpam" >{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070611/ap_on_bi_ge/burger_king_Spam|title=Burger King to Serve Spam in Hawaii|publisher=Yahoo! News|access-date=July 5, 2013|archive-date=June 13, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613193455/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070611/ap_on_bi_ge/burger_king_spam|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=254168|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120605005816/http://www.kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=254168|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 5, 2012|title=Land of 10,000 Stories – Spam in Paradise|publisher=KARE11 News|first=Boyd|last=Huppert|date=May 17, 2007}}</ref> Di Hawaii, SPAM sangat populer sehingga kadang-kadang disebut sebagai "The Hawaiian Steak".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Spam That Isn't Via E-Mail |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04E6DB1338F934A35757C0A9659C8B63 |work=The New York Times |date=April 7, 2003 |access-date=December 28, 2007 |archive-date=May 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524041640/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/07/us/the-spam-that-isn-t-via-e-mail.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Bahkan ada [[festival]] bertema SPAM tahunan di pulau Oahu yang berlangsung setiap [[musim semi]], yang dikenal sebagai "Waikiki Spam Jam".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spamjamhawaii.com/|title=Welcome - Waikiki Spam Jam|website=Welcome|language=en-US|access-date=June 14, 2017|archive-date=June 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615051437/http://spamjamhawaii.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Koki dan restoran lokal bersaing untuk menciptakan hidangan bertema SPAM baru, yang kemudian dijual di pameran jalanan besar-besaran di Kalakaua Avenue di [[Waikiki]].
Pada tahun 2017, Hawaii diganggu oleh banyak pencurian SPAM.<ref name="SpamHeistsSingh">{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Lakshmi|title=Hawaii's Spate Of Spam Heists|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/22/559403062/hawaiis-spate-of-spam-heists|access-date=October 23, 2017|work=[[NPR]]|date=October 22, 2017|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023123320/http://www.npr.org/2017/10/22/559403062/hawaiis-spate-of-spam-heists|url-status=live}}</ref> SPAM telah lama menjadi target pencuri di Hawaii, tetapi tingkat pencurian meningkat, dengan insiden dimana beberapa kasus SPAM dicuri sekaligus. Pengecer lokal percaya kejahatan terorganisir<ref name="SpamHeistsSingh"/> Ini datang bersamaan dengan meningkatnya pencurian beberapa barang ritel lainnya, seperti [[daging kornet]] dan [[minuman keras]]. Presiden pedagang eceran Hawaii mengaitkan peningkatan pencurian eceran dengan perubahan baru-baru ini dalam [[hukum pidana]], yang menaikkan ambang batas dimana pencurian akan menyebabkan tuduhan kejahatan sekitar 400 [[Dolar Amerika Serikat|USD]] atau sekitar 5.932.000 [[Rupiah|IDR]] .<ref name="SpamHeistsSingh"/>
==== Guam dan Kepulauan Mariana Utara ====
Di [[Guam]], rata-rata konsumsi per kapita adalah 16 ribu kaleng per tahun. Itu juga ditemukan di menu [[McDonald's]] disana. SPAM Games juga berlangsung di Guam, dimana penduduk setempat mencicipi dan menghormati resep Spam asli buatan sendiri yang terbaik.<ref>{{cite web | title =Why is Spam Brand a Household Name? | url =http://www.spam.com/spam-101/why-is-spam-a-household-brand | access-date =October 6, 2014 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141010035126/http://www.spam.com/spam-101/why-is-spam-a-household-brand | archive-date =October 10, 2014 | df =mdy-all }}</ref>
Di [[Kepulauan Mariana Utara]], pengacara dari [[Hormel]] mengancam akan menuntut pers lokal karena menerbitkan artikel yang menuduh efek buruk konsumsi SPAM yang tinggi terhadap kesehatan penduduk setempat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=59528&cat=3 |title=Organic smoke (and mirrors) |work=Saipan Tribune |date=July 21, 2006 |access-date=June 21, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623203856/http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=59528&cat=3 |archive-date=June 23, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=3&newsID=59336 |title=A junkie waiting to happen |work=Saipan Tribune |date=July 14, 2006 |access-date=June 21, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623203851/http://saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=3&newsID=59336 |archive-date=June 23, 2008 }}</ref>
==== Puerto Riko ====
''Sandwich de Mezcla'' adalah makanan pokok pesta di [[Puerto Riko]] yang mengandung SPAM, Velveeta, dan Pimientos (dibuat menjadi olesan) diantara dua potong [[Roti lapis|roti sandwich]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cafeculinario.com/2013/08/12/receta-sandwichitos-para-fiestas/|title=Receta: Sandwichitos para fiestas|date=August 12, 2013|access-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20141007220541/http://cafeculinario.com/2013/08/12/receta-sandwichitos-para-fiestas/|archive-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref>
===Eropa===
====Britania Raya====
Setelah [[Perang Dunia II]], Newforge Foods atau bagian dari grup Fitch Lovell, dianugerahi lisensi untuk memproduksi produk di [[Liverpool (kota)|Liverpool]], [[Inggris]] di pabrik Gateacrenya,<ref>The story of Fitch Lovell Ambrose Keevil Phillimore Press 1972 {{ISBN|978-0-85033-074-8}}</ref> dimana ia tinggal sampai produksi beralih ke Danish Crown (pemilik perusahaan makanan tulip) pada tahun [[1998]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.tulip.dk/ |title=Tulip Food Company |publisher=english.tulip.dk |access-date=June 21, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814170842/http://english.tulip.dk/ |archive-date=August 14, 2009 }}</ref>
[[Kerajaan Inggris]] telah mengadopsi SPAM ke dalam berbagai resep. Misalnya, resep termasuk Sarapan SPAM [[Yorkshire]], Omelet SPAM, dan SPAM Hash.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spam—UK |url=http://www.spam-uk.com/recipes/ |access-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010235853/http://www.spam-uk.com/recipes/ |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> SPAM juga bisa diiris, dilumuri, dan digoreng menjadi gorengan SPAM.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spam Fritters |url=http://www.lbhf.gov.uk/Images/Spam_fritters_tcm21-170915.pdf |access-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010114629/http://www.lbhf.gov.uk/Images/Spam_fritters_tcm21-170915.pdf |archive-date=October 10, 2014 }}</ref>
== Referensi ==
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