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{{Short description|Something that represents the idea of Islam}}
[[Berkas:Shahadah-1.svg|ka|jmpl|120x120px|Representasi kaligrafi untuk syahadat]]
[[Islam]] adalah [[agama Abrahamik]] [[Monoteisme|monoteis]] yang hanya mengakui [[Tauhid|satu]] [[Allah (Islam)|Tuhan]], yakni [[Allah]] dan [[Muhammad]] adalah nabi terakhir utusan Allah. Agama ini menjadi [[agama terbesar]] kedua yang dianut penduduk Bumi, dengan jumlah pengikut 1,9 miliar orang serta membentuk 24,4% penduduk Bumi.
== Ikonografi ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:10%;" |Simbol
! style="width:10%;" |Gambar
! style="width:80%;" |Sejarah dan penggunaan
|-
|[[Bintang dan bulan sabit|Bulan sabit dan bintang]]
|{{center|[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|100x100px]]}}
|Bulan sabit dan bintang dahulu terkait dengan lambang [[Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah]] yang kelak dijadikan sebagai simbol umum [[Islam]], khususnya di [[dunia Barat]]. Dalam Unicode: ({{unichar|262A|}})
|-
|[[Bulan sabit]] ([[wikt:hilal#English|Hilāl]])
|{{center|[[File:Emojione_1F319.svg|100x100px]]}}
|Bulan sabit banyak digunakan sebagai lambang di [[panji-panji]] militer Islam sebagai tandingan dari panji-panji [[Tentara Salib]]. [[Bulan Sabit Merah]] banyak digunakan sebagai pengganti [[Palang Merah]], dan awalnya digunakan dalam [[Perang Rusia-Turki (1877–1878)]]. Dalam Unicode: ({{unichar|263D|}})
|-
|[[Allah]]
|{{center|[[File:allah3.svg|100x100px]]}}
|Adalah Tuhan dalam agama Islam dan digunakan oleh seluruh umat Muslim tanpa memandang bahasa yang dituturkan. Ditulis dalam [[kaligrafi Islam]] serta menjadi simbol universal Islam dalam [[dunia Islam]]. Dalam Unicode: ({{unichar|FDF2}})
|-
|[[Syahadat]]
|{{center|[[File:Ar_Liwa_hariadhi_islamic_flag.svg|150x150px]]}}
|Sebagian dari syahadat muncul dalam [[Al-Qur'an]] secara terpisah, tetapi tidak pernah dalam bentuk yang lengkap. Digunakan dalam [[hadis]] serta bendera atau lambang dari negara Islam atau organisasi [[Islamisme]].
|-
|[[Rub al-hizb]]
|{{center|[[File:ROUB EL HIZB 06DE.svg|100x100px]]}}
|Tanda bintang ini digunakan untuk menandai satu [[hizb]] al-Qur'an. Juga digunakan sebagai bendera atau lambang khususnya [[Fez]] pada masa [[Kesultanan Mariniyah]]. Dalam Unicode: ({{unichar|06DE|}})
|-
|[[Khatim]]
|{{center|[[File:KHATIM.svg|100x100px]]}}
|Khatim diyakini sebagai stempel dari Nabi [[Muhammad]]. Istilah ini diyakini untuk menandai status Nabi Muhammad sebagai [[nabi]] terakhir [[Islam]] dan tidak ada lagi nabi sesudahnya.
|-
|[[Sujud tilawah|Sujud Tilawah]]
|{{center|[[File:U+06E9.svg|100x100px]]}}
|Dalam al-Qur'an tanda ini menunjukkan ayat-ayat sajadah. Pembacanya disyariatkan untuk [[sujud]]. Dalam Unicode: ({{unichar|06E9}})
|-
|}
== Warna ==
{{
=== Sejarah ===
Early Islamic armies and caravans flew simple solid-coloured flags (generally black or white) for identification purposes, with the exception of the [[Black Standard#Origin|Young Eagle]] of Muḥammad, which had the ''[[shahada]]'' inscribed upon it.<ref>It was extracted by at-Ṭabarānī in al-Awsaṭ: Ahmad bin Rashdine narrated that Abdul Ghaffar bin Dawud Saleh al-Harrani said: Hayyan bin Obeidillah told us that Abu Mijlaz Laheq bin Humeid narrated on authority of Ibn Abbas who said: “The flag of the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم was black and his banner white, written on it: There is no deity but God, and Muḥammad is His Messenger.”</ref> In later generations, the Muslim leaders continued to use a simple black, white, or green flag with no markings, writings, or symbolism on it. The [[Umayyad|Umayyads]] fought under white and gold banners. The [[Abbasid|Abbasids]] chose black (blue) and fought with black banners. The [[Fatimid|Fatimids]] used a green standard, as well as white. The Saudi [[Emirate of Diriyah]] used a white and green flag with the shahada emblazoned on it. Various countries in the [[Persian Gulf]] have red flags. The four [[Pan-Arab colours]], white, black, green and red, dominate the flags of Arab states.<ref>[https://www.fotw.info/flags/islam.html Islamic flags<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610083309/https://www.fotw.info/FLagS/islam.html|date=2007-06-10}}</ref><ref>[http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197802/flags.of.the.arab.world.htm Saudi Aramco World : Flags of the Arab World<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
=== Meanings ===
{{div col}}
* {{Color box|#008142|border=darkgray}} Green – The silk and pillows of [[Jannah]] are believed to be green.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quran.com/76/21|title=Surah Al-Insan - 21
|language=en|access-date=7 December 2021|website=Quran.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quran.com/55/76|title=Surah Ar-Rahman - 76|language=en|access-date=7 December 2021|website=Quran.com}}</ref>
* {{Color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} White – Considered the purest and cleanest color in Islam and the color of the flag of Muḥammad, the [[Black Standard#Origin|Young Eagle]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abuaminaelias.com/dailyhadithonline/2012/03/26/wearing-white-clothes|title=Hadith on Clothing - Recommendation to wear white clothing|language=en|access-date=7 December 2021|website=Faith in Allah}}</ref><ref>An-Nasā’ī
has narrated in his book al-Sunan al-Kubra, and at-Tirmidhi has narrated on authority of Jaber that Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم entered Makkah with his white banner.</ref>
* {{Color box|#000000|border=darkgray}} Black – The color of [[Jahannam]] as well as the color of the [[Black Standard]].<ref>Muwaṭṭaʾ Mālik, Book 57 ''ḥadīth'' 2: Malik related to me from his paternal uncle Abu Suhayl ibn Malik from his father that Abu Hurayra said, "Do you think that it [the Hellfire] is red like this fire of yours? It is blacker than tar."</ref><ref>Aḥmad, Abū Dawūd, and an-Nasā’ī in his book al-Sunan al-Kubar have narrated on authority of Yunus bin Obeid, the slave of Muhammad Bin al-Qassem that he said: Muhammad Bin al-Qassem sent me to al-Baraa bin Azeb to ask him about the banner (rāya) of Prophet Muhammad: what is it? He said: “it was a black square from Namira.”</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quran.com/3/106|title=Surah Ali 'Imran - 106|language=en,ar|access-date=7 December 2021|website=Quran.com}}</ref>
{{div col end}}
== Panji Hitam ==
[[Berkas:BlackFlag.svg|jmpl|220x220px|Panji Hitam]]
The Black Standard is one of the flags flown by Muhammad in Muslim tradition. It was historically used by [[Abu Muslim]] in his uprising leading to the [[Abbasid Revolution]] in 747 and is also associated with the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]. It is also a symbol and is associated with [[Islamic eschatology]] ([[Hadith of black flags|heralding the advent of the]] [[Mahdi]]).<ref name="Note01" group="Note" /> The Black Banner, which is different from the flag used by [[ISIL]]. Scholars have interpreted ISIL's use of a similar black flag in attempts to their claim to re-establishing a Caliphate.{{Clear}}
== Simbol lainnya ==
{{More citations needed section|date=July 2022|find=Islamic Symbols}}
=== Star and Crescent ===
[[Berkas:Ottoman_flag_alternative_2.svg|kiri|jmpl|The Ottoman flag]]
The crescent is usually associated with Islam and regarded as its symbol. The crescent and star symbol became strongly associated with the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 19th century. By extension from the use in Ottoman lands, It became a symbol also for Islam as a whole, as well as representative of western [[Orientalism]]. "Crescent and Star" was used as a metaphor for the rule of the Islamic empires (Ottoman and [[Qajar dynasty|Persian]]) in the late 19th century in British literature.<ref>e.g. A. Locher, "With Star and Crescent: A Full and Authentic Account of a Recent Journey with a Caravan from Bombay to Constantinople"; Andrew Haggard, "Under Crescent and Star" (1895).</ref> This association was apparently strengthened by the increasingly ubiquitous fashion of using the crescent and star symbol in the ornamentation of Ottoman mosques and minarets.<ref>"Mosque and minaret are surounted by crescents; the air glowing over the Golden Horn is, as it were, full of moons." [[Hezekiah Butterworth]], ''The Zigzag Series'' (1882), p. 481.</ref> By contrast, the majority of religious Islamic publications emphasize that the crescent is rejected "by some [[Muslim scholars]]".<ref name="Fazli2009">"Many Muslim scholars reject using the crescent moon as a symbol of Islam. The faith of Islam historically had no symbol, and many refuse to accept it." Fiaz Fazli, ''Crescent'' magazine, [[Srinagar]], September 2009, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8oBW-sQ_dpIC&pg=PA42 p. 42].</ref> The "Red Crescent" emblem was adopted by volunteers of the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (ICRC) as early as 1877 during the [[Russo-Turkish War]]; it was officially adopted in 1929.<ref>Mohd Elfie Nieshaem Juferi, {{cite web|title=What Is The Significance Of The Crescent Moon In Islam?|url=https://www.bismikaallahuma.org/polemical-rebuttals/crescent-moon-in-islam/|website=bismikaallahuma.org|access-date=September 21, 2017}}</ref>
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1922, the crescent and star was used in several national flags adopted by its successor states. In 1947, after the independence of Pakistan, flag of Pakistan was white crescent and star with a green background. The crescent and star in the flag of the [[Kingdom of Libya]] (1951) was explicitly given an Islamic interpretation by associating it with "the story of [[Hijra (Islam)|Hijra]] (migration) of our Prophet Mohammed"<ref>The symbolism of the star and crescent in the flag of the [[Kingdom of Libya]] (1951-1969) was explained in an English language booklet, ''The Libyan Flag & The National Anthem'', issued by the Ministry of Information and Guidance of the Kingdom of Libya (year unknown, cited after Jos Poels at [http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/Flags/ly_1951.html FOTW], 1997) as follows: "The crescent is symbolic of the beginning of the lunar month according to the Muslim calendar. It brings back to our minds the story of [[Hijra (Islam)|Hijra]] (migration) of our Prophet Mohammed from his home in order to spread Islam and teach the principles of right and virtue. The Star represents our smiling hope, the beauty of aim and object and the light of our belief in God, in our country, its dignity and honour which illuminate our way and puts an end to darkness."</ref> By the 1950s, this symbolism was embraced by movements of [[Arab nationalism]] such as the proposed [[Arab Islamic Republic]] (1974).<ref>Edward E. Curtis, ''Black Muslim religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975'' (2006), [https://books.google.com/books?id=VdcQNcJZoSgC&pg=PA157&lpg=PA157&dq=%22Nation+of+Islam%22+crescent+flag&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10#v=onepage&q=%22Nation%20of%20Islam%22%20crescent%20flag&f=false p. 157].</ref>
=== Rub el Hizb ===
{{Further|Rub el Hizb}}
The Rub el Hizb is used to facilitate recitation of the [[Quran]]. The symbol determines every quarter of [[Hizb]], while the Hizb is one half of a [[juz']]. The symbol is also found on a number of emblems and flags, such as that of the Marinid Sultanate.
=== Khatim ===
{{Further|Seal of the Prophets}}
Seal of the Prophets (Khatim) a title used in the Qur'an and by Muslims to designate Muhammad as the [[Last prophet|last of the prophets]] sent by God.
=== Shahadah ===
{{Further|Shahadah}}
[[Berkas:Ar_Liwa_hariadhi_islamic_flag.svg|alt=<!--This is the first main thing of Islam.-->|jmpl|{{transliteration|ar|La ilaha illallah, Muhammadun rasulullah}} (English translation: "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is Allah’s messenger").
White background with Shahadah written in [[Islamic calligraphy]] is currently used as the present-day [[flag of Afghanistan]].]]
Shahadah is one of the Five Pillars of [[Islam]] and part of the Adhan. It reads: "I bear witness that none deserves worship except God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of God."
Religious flags with inscriptions were in use in the medieval period, as shown in miniatures by 13th-century illustrator [[Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti]]. 14th-century illustrations of the ''History of the Tatars'' by [[Hayton of Corycus]] (1243) shows both [[Mongols]] and [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuqs]] using a variety of war ensigns.
*
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Bendera Islam]]
{{Clear}}
== Referensi ==
=== Catatan kaki ===
{{reflist|group=Note|refs=<ref name=Note01>It is important to note that the set of aḥādīth which refer to "the black banners from the East" as the sign of the [[Mahdi]] were graded ḍaʿīf (weak). {{harvnb|Bahari and Hassan|2014|pp=1–6}}</ref>
</ref>}}
=== Kutipan ===
{{Reflist}}
==
* {{Commons category-inline|Symbols of Islam}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Simbol Islam| ]]
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