Planned Parenthood: Perbedaan antara revisi

* {{abbr|≈|Approximation}}101{{nbsp}} afiliasi non-medis <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/5014/1936/7155/PPFA_Audited_FS_FY2014.PDF|title=Planned Parenthood Federation of America (Inc.) and Related Entities, Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Audited, June 30, 2013 and 2014"|last=|first=|date=|website=www.plannedparenthood.org.|access-date=|archive-date=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905144900/http://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/5014/1936/7155/PPFA_Audited_FS_FY2014.PDF|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

'''Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc''' (PPFA), atau '''Planned Parenthood''', adalah sebuah organisasi nirlaba yang menyediakan layanan [[Reproduksi seksual|kesehatan reproduksi]] di [[Amerika Serikat]] dan lingkup global.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/7413/9620/1089/AR-FY13_111213_vF_rev3_ISSUU.pdf|title=Planned Parenthood Annual Report 2012–2013|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=|archive-date=2017-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110041317/https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/7413/9620/1089/AR-FY13_111213_vF_rev3_ISSUU.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> PPFA berawal dari sebuah rintisan dari Brooklyn, New York, yaitu tempat Margaret Sanger membuka klikik kontrol [[Pengaturan kelahiran|kelahiran]] di A.S. pada tahun 1916. Sanger mendirikan American Birth Control League pada tahun 1921,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43060483|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|last=Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn.|date=2000|publisher=Facts On File|isbn=0-8160-4100-8|edition=2nd ed|location=New York|oclc=43060483}}</ref> yang berubah nama menjadi Planned Parenthood pada tahun 1942.

Planned Parenthood terdiri dari 159 afiliasi medis dan nonmedis, yang mengelola lebih dari 600 [[klinik kesehatan]] di A.S.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/about-us/who-we-are|title=Who We Are {{!}} Planned Parenthood|website=www.plannedparenthood.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-07}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/5014/1936/7155/PPFA_Audited_FS_FY2014.PDF|title="Planned Parenthood Federation of America (Inc.) and Related Entities, Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Audited, June 30, 2013 and 2014"|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=|archive-date=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905144900/http://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/5014/1936/7155/PPFA_Audited_FS_FY2014.PDF|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Organisasi ini menjalin rekan dengan organisasi-organisasi di 12 negara secara global.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ia secara langsung menyediakan berbagai macam layanan kesehatan reproduksi dan [[edukasi seksual]], berkontribusi dalam penelian teknologi reproduksi dan pendampingan untuk perlindungan dan ekspansi hak-hak reproduksi.<ref name=":0" /> Berdasarkan penelitian bahwa penutupan klinik-klikik Planned Parenthood merujuk kepada peningkatan tingkat kematian saat kelahiran.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hawkins|first=Summer Sherburne|last2=Ghiani|first2=Marco|last3=Harper|first3=Sam|last4=Baum|first4=Christopher F.|last5=Kaufman|first5=Jay S.|date=2020-02-01|title=Impact of State-Level Changes on Maternal Mortality: A Population-Based, Quasi-Experimental Study|url=https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(19)30419-2/abstract|journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine|language=English|volume=58|issue=2|pages=165–174|doi=10.1016/j.amepre.2019.09.012|issn=0749-3797|pmid=31859173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://econofact.org/do-state-level-policies-impact-maternal-mortality|title=Do State-Level Policies Impact Maternal Mortality Rates? {{!}} Econofact|date=2020-02-24|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-07}}</ref>

PPFA merupakan penyedia layanan kesehatan reproduksi terbesar, termasuk [[aborsi]], di A.S.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/04/13/135354952/planned-parenthood-makes-abortion-foes-see-red|title=Planned Parenthood: A Thorn In Abortion Foes' Sides|last=Rohlinger|first=Deana|last2=Professor|first2=Sociology|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2020-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/09/28/republicans-try-new-way-defund-planned-parenthood-avoiding-shutdown/72973496/|title=Republicans try new way to defund Planned Parenthood, avoiding shutdown|last=Kelly|first=Erin|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/planned-parenthood-federation-of-america/|title=Planned Parenthood Federation of America|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2020-06-07}}</ref> Dalam Laporan Tahunan mereka pada tahun 2014, PPFA melaporkan menyaksikan lebih dari 2,5 juta pasien di lebih dari 4 juta kunjungan klinis dan melakukan total hampir 9,5 juta layanan terpisah, termasuk 324.000 aborsi.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/2114/5089/0863/2014-2015_PPFA_Annual_Report_.pdf|title=2014–2015 Annual Report|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=|archive-date=2016-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220211916/https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/2114/5089/0863/2014-2015_PPFA_Annual_Report_.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/08/04/how-planned-parenthood-actually-uses-its-federal-funding/|title=How Planned Parenthood actually uses its federal funding|last=social|first=Janell Ross closeJanell RossReporter covering race along with the|last2=demographicsEmailEmailBioBioFollowFollowReporter|first2=political implications of the nation's rapidly changing|website=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2020-06-07}}</ref> Pendapatan tahunan gabungannya yaitu US$ 1,3 miliar, termasuk sekitar $530 juta dari anggaran pemerintah seperti reimbursmen dari [[Medicaid]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya, PPFA dan klinik anggotanya telah mengalami dukungan, kontroversi, protes,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Massachusetts abortion clinics boost security, lawmakers seek fix|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-abortion-idUSKBN0F21QE20140627|newspaper=Reuters|date=2014-06-27|access-date=2020-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Breast cancer fundraising lags after abortion dispute|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-komen-funding-idUSBRE82M17Y20120324|newspaper=Reuters|date=2012-03-24|access-date=2020-06-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Opponents of Texas abortion restrictions rally at Capitol|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-abortion-texas-idUSBRE9600EK20130701|newspaper=Reuters|date=2013-07-01|access-date=2020-06-07|language=en}}</ref> dan serangan kekerasan.