Varian SARS-CoV-2: Perbedaan antara revisi
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=== Alpha (garis keturunan B.1.1.7) ===
{{utama|Varian Alpha SARS-CoV-2}}
[[Garis keturunan B.1.1.7]],<ref>{{cite report |author1=Rambaut, Andrew |author2=Loman, Nick |author3=Pybus, Oliver |author4=Barclay, Wendy |author5=Barrett, Jeff |author6=Carabelli, Alesandro |author7=Connor, Tom |author8=Peacock, Tom |author9=L. Robertson, David |author10=Vol, Erik |year=2020 |title=Preliminary genomic characterisation of an emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage in the UK defined by a novel set of spike mutations |publisher=Written on behalf of COVID-19 Genomics Consortium UK |url=https://virological.org/t/preliminary-genomic-characterisation-of-an-emergent-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-the-uk-defined-by-a-novel-set-of-spike-mutations/563 |access-date=20 Desember 2020}}</ref> disebut juga 20I/501Y.V1 atau Variant of Concern 202012/01 (VOC-202012/01),<ref name="Chand2020">{{cite report |last1=Chand |first1=Meera |last2=Hopkins |first2=Susan |last3=Dabrera |first3=Gavin |last4=Achison |first4=Christina |last5=Barclay |first5=Wendy |last6=Ferguson |first6=Neil |last7=Volz |first7=Erik |last8=Loman |first8=Nick |last9=Rambaut |first9=Andrew |last10=Barrett |first10=Jeff |date=21 Desember 2020 |title=Investigation of novel SARS-COV-2 variant: Variant of Concern 202012/01 |publisher=[[Public Health England]] |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/947048/Technical_Briefing_VOC_SH_NJL2_SH2.pdf |access-date=23 Desember 2020}}</ref> sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Variant Under Investigation pertama pada Desember 2020 (VUI-202012/01), pertama kali terdeteksi pada Oktober 2020 selama [[pandemi Covid-19 di Britania Raya]] dari sampel yang diambil bulan sebelumnya.<ref name="CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html |author=CDC |title=Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us |access-date=4 Januari 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Sejak itu, prevalensinya menjadi dua kali lipat setiap 6,5 hari, perkiraan interval generasinya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://khub.net/documents/135939561/338928724/New+SARS-COV-2+variant+-+information+and+risk+assessment.pdf/b56d4591-0466-1a18-28dc-010e0fdeef53?t=1608569319930 |title=New evidence on VUI-202012/01 and review of the public health risk assessment |date=15 Desember 2020 |website=khub.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3CT9N89L-c&t=9399 |title=COG-UK Showcase Event - YouTube |publisher=YouTube |access-date=25 Desember 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Varian ini berkorelasi dengan peningkatan yang signifikan pada tingkat infeksi Covid-19 di Britania Raya. Peningkatan ini diperkirakan setidaknya sebagian karena mutasi [[#N501Y|N501Y]]. Pada tanggal 2 Maret 2021, [[Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia|Indonesia]] melaporkan kasus pertamanya untuk varian ini.<ref>{{
=== Beta (garis keturunan B.1.351) ===
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=== N439K ===
{{utama|N439K}}
Mutasi [[N439K]] berarti perubahan dari [[asparagina]] (N) menjadi [[lisina]] (K) pada posisi [[asam amino]] 439.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mercatelli |first1=Daniele |last2=Triboli |first2=Luca |last3=Fornasari |first3=Eleonora |last4=Ray |first4=Forest |last5=Giorgi |first5=Federico M. |date=18 November 2020 |title=Coronapp: A web application to annotate and monitor SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations |journal=Journal of Medical Virology |doi=10.1002/jmv.26678 |doi-access=free |language=en |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jmv.26678}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Wenyang |last2=Xu |first2=Chang |last3=Wang |first3=Pingping |last4=Luo |first4=Meng |last5=Xu |first5=Zhaochun |last6=Cheng |first6=Rui |last7=Jin |first7=Xiyun |last8=Guo |first8=Yu |last9=Xue |first9=Guangfu |last10=Juan |first10=Liran |last11=Nie |first11=Huan |last12=Jiang |first12=Qinghua |date=23 November 2020 |title=N439K variant in spike protein may alter the infection efficiency and antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 based on molecular dynamics simulation |publisher=bioRxiv |doi=10.1101/2020.11.21.392407 |language=en}}</ref> Mutasi ini diyakini pertama kali ditemukan pada musim semi tahun 2020 di [[Skotlandia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/20/scientists-on-lookout-for-covid-mutations-which-cause-treatments-to-lose-potency |title=Hunt on for future Covid mutations that cause treatments to lose potency |date=20 Oktober 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |access-date=23 Desember 2020}}</ref> Mutasi ini menghilang selama [[pembatasan sosial]] di negara tersebut. Namun, mutasi ini ditemukan pula di [[Rumania]], [[Norwegia]], [[Swiss]], [[Republik Irlandia|Irlandia]], [[Belgia]], [[Jerman]], dan [[Britania Raya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/20/scientists-on-lookout-for-covid-mutations-which-cause-treatments-to-lose-potency |editor=Ian Sample |date=20 Oktober 2020 |title=Hunt on for future Covid mutations that cause treatments to lose potency |work=[[The Guardian]] |issn=0261-3077 |language=en |access-date=23 Desember 2020}}</ref> Mutasi ini telah masuk ke [[Indonesia]] sejak bulan November 2020.<ref>{{
=== E484K ===
{{utama|E484K}}
Mutasi [[E484K]] berarti perubahan dari [[asam glutamat]] (E) menjadi [[lisina]] (K) pada posisi [[asam amino]] 484.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Mutations-of-SARS-CoV-2-are-Causing-Concern.aspx |last=Greenwood |first=Michael |date=15 Januari 2021 |title="What Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 are Causing Concern?" |website=News Medical Lifesciences |access-date=16 Januari 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Mutasi ini dilaporkan termasuk mutasi kabur, yaitu mutasi yang memudahkan virus untuk kabur dari [[Sistem imun|sistem kekebalan tubuh]] inangnya,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://i-base.info/escape-mutation/ |title=escape mutation |date=11 Oktober 2012 |publisher=[[HIV i-Base]] |access-date=19 Februari 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Wise |first=Jacqui |date=5 Februari 2021 |title=Covid-19: The E484K mutation and the risks it poses |journal=[[The BMJ]] |volume=372 |page=n359 |issn=1756-1833 |s2cid=231821685 |doi=10.1136/bmj.n359 |doi-access=free |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n359}}</ref> dari setidaknya satu bentuk [[antibodi monoklonal]] terhadap SARS-CoV-2.<ref name="NIIDJan2021">{{cite press release |author=<!--(tidak ada)--> |date=12 Januari 2021 |title=Brief report: New Variant Strain of SARS-CoV-2 Identified in Travelers from Brazil |location=Jepang |publisher=NIID (National Institute of Infectious Diseases) |url=https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/images/epi/corona/covid19-33-en-210112.pdf |access-date=14 Januari 2021}}</ref> Mutasi E484K ada dalam varian garis keturunan P.1 ([[Jepang]] dan [[Manaus]]),<ref name="virological2021">{{cite web |url=https://virological.org/t/genomic-characterisation-of-an-emergent-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-manaus-preliminary-findings/586 |title=Genomic characterisation of an emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus: preliminary findings |date=12 Januari 2021 |website=Virological |language=en |access-date=23 Januari 2021}}</ref> garis keturunan P.2 ([[Brazil]], juga dikenal dengan B.1.1.248),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Voloch |first1=Carolina M. |last2=F |first2=Ronaldo da Silva |last3=Almeida |first3=Luiz G. P. de |last4=Cardoso |first4=Cynthia C. |last5=Brustolini |first5=Otavio J. |last6=Gerber |first6=Alexandra L. |last7=Guimarães |first7=Ana Paula de C. |last8=Mariani |first8=Diana |last9=Costa |first9=Raissa Mirella da |last10=Ferreira |first10=Orlando C. |last11=Workgroup |first11=Covid19-UFRJ |date=26 Desember 2020 |title=Genomic characterization of a novel SARS-CoV-2 lineage from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |journal=Le Phare de l'Esperanto |via=MedRxiv |language=en |issn=2024-8598 |s2cid=229379623 |doi=10.1101/2020.12.23.20248598 |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.20248598v1}}</ref> dan varian 501.V2 ([[Afrika Selatan]]).<ref name="NIIDJan2021" /> Mutasi ini telah masuk ke Indonesia sejak bulan Februari 2021.<ref>{{
=== N501Y ===
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