Black metal: Perbedaan antara revisi

|stylistic_origins={{hlist|[[Thrash metal]]<ref name=ChadBowar>{{cite web |url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/a/101_blackmetal.htm |title=Black Metal 101 |publisher=[[About.com]] |last=Bowar |first=Chad}}</ref>|[[death metal]]<ref name="Stylus Magazine">{{cite magazine |url=http://stylusmagazine.com/articles/weekly_article/into-the-void-stylus-magazines-beginners-guide-to-metal.html |title=Into the void: Stylus Magazine's Beginner's Guide to Metal |last1=Lee |first1=Cosmo |last2=Voegtlin |first2=Stewart |magazine=[[Stylus Magazine]] |access-date=17 May 2010 |archive-date=2022-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207113243/http://stylusmagazine.com/articles/weekly_article/into-the-void-stylus-magazines-beginners-guide-to-metal.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>|[[hardcore punk]]<ref>{{cite book | title=Pop When the World Falls Apart: Music in the Shadow of Doubt | publisher=Duke University Press | year=2012 | page=279 | isbn=978-0822351085 | editor=Weisbard, Eric}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Encyclopedia of heavy metal music | url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaheav00phil | url-access=limited | publisher=Greenwood Press |author1=Phillips, William |author2=Cogan, Brian |name-list-style=amp | year=2009 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaheav00phil/page/n133 109], 234 | isbn=978-0313348006}}</ref>}}

Blackened death-doom adalah genre yang menggabungkan tempo lambat dan permainan drum monolitik dari [[doom metal]], riffage [[death metal]] yang kompleks dan keras, dan vokal yang melengking dari black metal.<ref name="BDD">{{cite web|last1=Kelly|first1=Kim|date=29 March 2017|title=Morast Expertly Synthesize Black, Death, and Doom Metal on 'Ancestral Void'|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/aepy85/morast-expertly-synthesize-black-death-and-doom-metal-on-ancestral-void|website=Noisey Vice|access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref> Contoh band death-doom yang menghitam termasuk Morast,<ref name="BDD" /> Faustcoven,<ref name="BDD" /> [[The Ruins of Beverast]],<ref name="BDD" /> [[Bölzer]],<ref name="BDD" /> [[Necros Christos]],<ref name="BDD" /> Harvest Gulgaltha,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mattia|first1=A.|date=7 February 2017|title=DON'T LOOK BELOW: HARVEST GULGALTHA – 'ALTARS OF DEVOTION' REVIEW + STREAM|url=https://www.cvltnation.com/dont-look-below-harvest-gulgaltha-altars-of-devotion-review-stream/|website=Cvlt Nation|access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref> [[Dragged into Sunlight]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Falzon|first1=Denise|date=31 October 2012|title=Dragged Into Sunlight 'Widowmaker' (album stream)|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/dragged_into_sunlight-widowmaker_album_stream|website=[[Exclaim!]]|access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref> Hands of Thieves,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Moore|first1=Doug|date=31 August 2016|title=The Black Market: The Month In Metal – August 2016|url=https://www.stereogum.com/1896781/the-black-market-the-month-in-metal-august-2016/franchises/the-black-market/|website=[[Stereogum]]|access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref> dan [[Soulburn]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Daniels|first1=Eric|title=ERIC DANIELS / SOULBURN|url=https://www.jacksonguitars.com/artists/eric-daniels-bio|website=[[Jackson Guitars]]|access-date=18 August 2018|archive-date=2021-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618114517/https://www.jacksonguitars.com/artists/eric-daniels-bio|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Whelan|first1=Kez|date=11 June 2014|title=Soulburn: Band Of The Day|url=http://www.terrorizer.com/news/botd/soulburn-band-day/|website=[[Terrorizer]]|access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref>

Blackened death metal umumnya adalah [[death metal]] yang menggabungkan elemen musik, lirik atau ideologis dari black metal, seperti peningkatan penggunaan [[Pilihan memetik|tremolo picking]], tema lirik anti-Kristen atau [[Setanisme|Setan]] dan progresi akord yang serupa dengan yang digunakan dalam black metal.<ref name="Sound, Symbol, Sociality">{{cite book|last1=Unger|first1=Matthew|title=Sound, Symbol, Sociality: The Aesthetic Experience of Extreme Metal Music|page=27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Henderson|first=Alex|title=Ninewinged Serpent – Devian|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/ninewinged-serpent-mw0000780983|work=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=3 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bowar|first=Chad|title=Hacavitz – Venganza Review|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/reviews/gr/hacavitz.htm|work=[[About.com]]|access-date=3 September 2012}}</ref> Band death metal yang menghitam juga lebih cenderung memakai [[cat mayat]] dan baju zirah, daripada band dari gaya death metal lainnya.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gardner|first1=Robert Owen|title=Studies in Symbolic Interaction|page=119}}</ref> Tuning gitar dengan rentang yang lebih rendah, [[death growl]] dan perubahan [[Tempo (musik)|tempo]] yang tiba-tiba merupakan hal yang umum dalam genre ini.<ref name="Banger">{{cite journal|last1=Dunn|first1=Sam|last2=Deaville|first2=Jason|date=2016|title=Blackened Death Metal|author1-link=Sam Dunn}}</ref> Contoh band blackened death metal adalah [[Belphegor]],<ref>{{cite web|date=21 October 2011|title=Belphegor Suspends All Activities|url=http://www.terrorizer.com/blog1.php/2011/10/21/belphegor-suspend-all-activities|work=[[Terrorizer (magazine)|terrorizer.com]]|access-date=3 September 2012}}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Behemoth (band)|Behemoth]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Prato|first=Greg|title=Behemoth|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/behemoth-mn0000789429|work=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=3 September 2012}}</ref> [[Akercocke]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Cosmo|date=21 February 2006|title=Akercocke – Words That Go Unspoken, Deeds That Go Undone – Review – Stylus Magazine|url=http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/akercocke/words-that-go-unspoken-deeds-that-go-undone.htm|work=[[Stylus Magazine]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509181014/http://stylusmagazine.com/reviews/akercocke/words-that-go-unspoken-deeds-that-go-undone.htm|archive-date=9 May 2012|access-date=22 October 2012|quote=Death metal and black metal are notoriously insular, but Akercocke has distinguished itself by freely drawing from both. Death metal tends to emphasize the low end, while black metal mainly resides in the midrange and treble, so Akercocke's 'blackened death' hybrid is rich and full-bodied.|url-status=dead}}</ref> dan [[Sacramentum]].<ref>Pretorious, Neil (30 July 2009). "Review – Sacramentum – Far Away from the Sun"]. ''The Metal Observer''. "If you think that Blackened Death Metal begins and ends with DISSECTION, then think again. SACRAMENTUM seriously dropped the (snow) ball with 'The Coming of Chaos' and 'Thy Black Destiny', but on 'Far Away from the Sun' they really delivered the goods on all fronts."</ref>

War metal<ref name="mh112011" /><ref name="wbm" /><ref name="rh304" /> (juga dikenal sebagai war black metal<ref name="wbm" /> atau bestial black metal)<ref name="rh304" /> adalah subgenre yang agresif,<ref name="wbm" /> hiruk-pikuk,<ref name="mh112011" /> dan kacau<ref name="mh112011" /><ref name="wbm" /> dari blackened death metal,<ref>{{cite news|last1=KATEL|first1=JACOB|date=2013|title=Florida's Top Ten Black Metal Bands|newspaper=[[Miami New Times]]}}</ref> dijelaskan oleh jurnalis [[Rock Hard]] Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann sebagai "rabid"<ref name="wbm" /> dan "hammering".<ref name="wbm" /> Pengaruh penting termasuk band-band black dan death metal awal, seperti [[Sodom (band)|Sodom]],<ref name="mh112011" /><ref name="wbm" /> [[Possessed]],<ref name="wbm" /> [[Autopsy]],<ref name="wbm" /> [[Sarcófago]],<ref name="mh112011" /><ref name="wbm" /><ref name="rh304" /><ref name=":1" /> dan dua rilisan [[Sepultura]] pertama,<ref name="wbm" /><ref name="rh307" /> serta aksi grindcore seminal seperti [[Repulsion]].<ref name="mh112011" /><ref name="wbm" /> Band-band war metal termasuk [[Blasphemy (grup musik)|Blasphemy]],<ref name="mh112011" /><ref name="wbm" /><ref name="rh307" /> [[Archgoat]],<ref name="wbm" /> [[Impiety]],<ref name="rh307" /> [[Beherit]], [[Crimson Thorn]],<ref>{{cite web|title=A HILL TO DIE UPON - OMENS CD|url=https://boonesoverstock.com/products/a-hill-to-die-upon-omens|access-date=8 August 2018}}</ref> dan [[Bestial Warlust]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=DISTEFANOl|first1=ALEX|title=The 13 Most Satanic Metal Bands|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/13-most-satanic-metal-bands-8798306|website=[[LA Weekly]]|access-date=8 August 2018|archive-date=2018-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801232853/http://www.laweekly.com/music/13-most-satanic-metal-bands-8798306|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Pada awal 1990-an, banyak black-metalr Norwegia menampilkan diri mereka sebagai penyembah Iblis sejati.{{sfn|Olson|2008|p=7f}} Euronymous Mayhem adalah tokoh kunci di balik ini.{{sfn|Olson|2008|p=27f}} Mereka menyerang Gereja Setan karena pandangannya yang "kebebasan dan cinta hidup";<ref name="killyourself2">Esa Lahdenpera: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120207234358/http://www.fmp666.com/moonlight/mayhem.html ''Northern Black Metal Legends'']. In: ''Kill Yourself'', no. 2, August 1993. Retrieved 30 January 2013.</ref> [[Setanisme Teistik|Setanisme teistik]] yang mereka anut adalah kebalikan dari Kekristenan. Benjamin Hedge Olson menulis bahwa mereka "mengubah sandiwara panggung kuasi-setan Venom menjadi bentuk ekspresi budaya yang unik dari bentuk-bentuk metal atau Setanisme lainnya" dan "meninggalkan identitas dan ambisi duniawi dari bentuk-bentuk metal lainnya demi agama dan fanatisme ideologis".{{sfn|Olson|2008|p=27f}} Beberapa anggota scene terkemuka—seperti Euronymous dan Faust<ref name="emperor10" /><ref name="killyourself" />—menyatakan bahwa hanya band-band yang satanis yang bisa disebut 'black metal'. Band dengan gaya Norwegia, tetapi tanpa lirik setan, cenderung menggunakan nama lain untuk musik mereka.<ref name="halupczok" /><ref name="enslavedfrost" /><ref name="nordicmetal" /> Pandangan ini masih dianut oleh banyak seniman—seperti [[Infernus]],<ref name="infernus">{{cite web|last=Maki|first=Jeff|date=18 July 2006|title=live-metal.net – Interviews: Gorgoroth – Infernus|url=http://www.live-metal.net/features_interviews_infernus_gorgoroth.html|work=live-metal.net|access-date=4 September 2012|archive-date=2012-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212223347/http://www.live-metal.net/features_interviews_infernus_gorgoroth.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Arioch]],<ref>Dr. Rape: ''Funeral Mist''. In: Jon Kristiansen: ''Metalion: The Slayer Mag Diaries''. [[Brooklyn]], New York: Bazillion Points Books 2011. pp. 420f.</ref> [[Nornagest]], dan Erik Danielsson.<ref name="watain">{{cite web|author=Arthur|title=Interview with Watain|url=http://www.geocities.com/flesh_ro/watain.htm|work=geocities.com/flesh_ro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019170513/http://geocities.com/flesh_ro/watain.htm|archive-date=19 October 2009|access-date=4 September 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Beberapa band, seperti Dissection<ref name="faustleaves" /><ref name="dissectioninterview2" /> dan Watain<ref>terrybezer: [http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/unpublished-watain-interview-extras/ ''Unpublished Watain Interview Extras!''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817065649/http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/unpublished-watain-interview-extras/|date=17 August 2012}}, 27 March 2009, accessed on 21 November 2012.</ref> yang telah direformasi, bersikeras bahwa semua anggota harus memiliki keyakinan setan yang sama, sedangkan Michael Ford dari [[Black Funeral]]<ref name="paganbelial.awardspace.com" /> dan MkM dari [[Antaeus]]<ref>Ophth: [https://archive.today/20130213163640/http://membres.multimania.fr/chaotik/7/antaeus.html ''AntaeuS''], accessed on 21 November 2012.</ref> percaya black metal harus setan tetapi tidak semua anggota band harus setan. Lainnya—seperti [[Jan Axel Blomberg]],<ref name="hellhammerinterview">{{cite web|date=7 January 2007|title=Article: Interview|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metallibrary.ru%2Farticles%2Finterviews%2F96.html|work=metallibrary.ru|publisher=Open Publishing|language=ru|access-date=4 September 2012}}</ref> [[Sigurd Wongraven]],<ref name="murdermusic" /> dan Eric Horner<ref name="throneofmalediction">{{cite web|date=17 January 2011|title=Throne of Malediction Talks the Art of Black Metal|url=http://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=64209|work=metalunderground.com|access-date=4 September 2012}}</ref>—percaya bahwa black metal tidak harus bersifat setan. Sebuah artikel di fanzine Metalion's Slayer menyerang musisi yang "lebih peduli dengan gitar mereka daripada esensi sebenarnya yang menjadi dasar seluruh konsep", dan bersikeras bahwa "musik itu sendiri tidak menjadi prioritas pertama".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kristiansen|first=Jon|year=2011|title=Worship Him!|journal=Metalion: The Slayer Mag Diaries|location=[[Brooklyn]], New York|publisher=Bazillion Points Books|page=467}}</ref> Band-band dengan gaya yang mirip tetapi dengan lirik Pagan cenderung disebut sebagai 'Pagan Metal' oleh banyak black-metaller 'purist'.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mulvany|first=Aaron Patrick|date=May 2000|title='Re-Awakening Pride Once Lost': Indigeneity and European Folk Metal|location=Middletown, Connecticut|publisher=Wesleyan University|page=IV}}</ref>

* ''Out of the Black – A Black Metal Documentary'' (2012), pemeriksaan asal-usul musik dan sosial black metal sambil menjelajahi spektrum penuh dari ideologi agama di dalam adegan. Juga meneliti black metal di Amerika dan beberapa perbedaan antara adegan Amerika dan Skandinavia.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 February 2012|title=Blabbermouth.net – Black Metal Documentary 'Out of the Black' to Be Released for Free via Web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=169099|work=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|access-date=4 September 2012|archive-date=2012-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103012232/http://blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=169099|dead-url=yes}}</ref>