Genealogi genetik: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.2 |
||
Baris 18:
===Alat uji DNA langsung oleh konsumen===
Di tahun 2000, [[Family Tree DNA]] adalah sebuah perusahaan pertama yang menyediakan alat pengujian DNA langsung oleh konsumen atau warga biasa. Pada awalnya mereka hanya menyediakan alat uji STR [[kromosom Y]] dengan sebelas penanda serta uji [[DNA mitokondria]] HVR1 dan bukan merupakan uji genealogi multigenerasi.<ref name=Belli>{{cite news|last=Belli|first=Anne|title=Moneymakers: Bennett Greenspan|url=http://www.chron.com/business/article/Moneymakers-Bennett-Greenspan-1657195.php|access-date=June 14, 2013|newspaper=Houston Chronicle|date=January 18, 2005|quote=Years of researching his family tree through records and documents revealed roots in Argentina, but he ran out of leads looking for his maternal great-grandfather. After hearing about new genetic testing at the University of Arizona, he persuaded a scientist there to test DNA samples from a known cousin in California and a suspected distant cousin in Buenos Aires. It was a match. But the real find was the idea for Family Tree DNA, which the former film salesman launched in early 2000 to provide the same kind of service for others searching for their ancestors.}}</ref><ref name=NGSQ2005>{{cite journal|title=National Genealogical Society Quarterly|volume=93|issue=1–4|publisher=National Genealogical Society|year=2005|page=248|quote=Businessman Bennett Greenspan hoped that the approach used in the Jefferson and Cohen research would help family historians. After reaching a brick wall on his mother's surname, Nitz, he discovered and Argentine researching the same surname. Greenspan enlisted the help of a male Nitz cousin. A scientist involved in the original Cohen investigation tested the Argentine's and Greenspan's cousin's Y chromosomes. Their haplotypes matched perfectly.}}</ref><ref name=Lomax>{{cite news|last=Lomax|first=John Nova|title=Who's Your Daddy?|url=http://www.houstonpress.com/2005-04-14/news/who-s-your-daddy/|access-date=June 14, 2013|newspaper=Houston Press|date=April 14, 2005|quote=A real estate developer and entrepreneur, Greenspan has been interested in genealogy since his preteen days.}}</ref><ref name=Dardashti>{{cite news|last=Dardashti|first=Schelly Talalay|title=When oral history meets genetics|url=http://www.jpost.com/Features/In-Thespotlight/When-oral-history-meets-genetics|access-date=June 14, 2013|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=March 30, 2008|quote=Greenspan, born and raised in Omaha, Nebraska, has been interested in genealogy from a very young age; he drew his first family tree at age 11.}}</ref><ref name=HBJ2008>{{cite news|last=Bradford|first=Nicole|title=Riding the 'genetic revolution'|newspaper=Houston Business Journal|date=24 Feb 2008|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2008/02/25/smallb1.html?page=all|access-date=19 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=HBJ2008
di tahun 2007, [[23andMe]] adalah perusahaan pertama yang menawarkan alat pengujian berbasis saliva kepada konsumen<ref name = Time>{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Anita |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1852747_1854493,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102044918/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1852747_1854493,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 2, 2008 | title = Best Inventions of 2008 | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date=October 29, 2008 | access-date = April 5, 2012}}</ref> dan menjadi yang pertama menggunakan DNA autosom untuk pengujian garis keturunan.<ref name="About Us">{{cite web |url=https://mediacenter.23andme.com/company/about-us/ |title=About Us |website=23andMe |access-date=2017-11-22 |archive-date=2018-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073640/https://mediacenter.23andme.com/company/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Gene by Gene">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_testing_comparison_chart |title=Autosomal DNA testing comparison chart |website=International Society of Genetic Genealogy Wiki |last1=Janzen |first1=Tim |display-authors=etal |chapter=Family Tree DNA Learning Center |publisher=Gene by Gene }}</ref> Autosom adalah salah satu dari 22 kromosom selain kromosom X dan Y. Mereka diturunkan dari seluruh leluhur pada generasi terkini sehingga bisa dibandingkan dengan konsumen lain yang melakukan pengujian serupa. Perusahaan kemudian menggunakan data ini untuk memperkirakan "seberapa etnis" seorang konsumen. FamilyTreeDNA mulai masuk ke dalam pasar ini di tahun 2010, diikuti AncestryDNA tahun 2012, dan jumlah dari jenis alat pengujian bertambah dengan cepat. Di tahun 2018 pengujian DNA autosom menjadi yang paling umum, dan bagi beberapa perusahaan adalah satu-satunya jenis pengujian yang mereka tawarkan kepada konsumen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.familytreemagazine.com/premium/top-5-autosomal-dna-tests-2018/|title=The Top 5 Autosomal DNA Tests of 2018|last=Southard|first=Diahan|date=2018-04-25|website=Family Tree|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref>
|