Kepulauan Spratly: Perbedaan antara revisi
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<ref name="Cham">{{cite magazine |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/06/140616-south-china-sea-vietnam-china-cambodia-champa/ |title=The Cham: Descendants of Ancient Rulers of South China Sea Watch Maritime Dispute From Sidelines |access-date=29 June 2015 |date=18 June 2014 |magazine=National Geographic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924055038/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/06/140616-south-china-sea-vietnam-china-cambodia-champa/ |archive-date=24 September 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Catatan awal dan kartografi ===
[[File:MAO KUN MAP-19.jpg|thumb|right|Peta Mao Kun, Kepulauan Spratly diperkirakan sebagai pulau di kanan bawah (石星石塘; shíxīng shítáng). ({{zh|labels=no |c=石星石塘 |p=shíxīng shítáng}}).<ref name="security"/> Namun yang lain percaya bahwa pulau-pulau itu mungkin merujuk ke Kepulauan Paracel atau Macclesfield Bank.<ref name="mills">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DjQ9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA272|title=Ying-Yai Sheng-Lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores |author=J.V. Mills |pages= Appendix 1 and 2|publisher= White Lotus Press |isbn=978-974-8496-78-8|year=1970 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url= http://www.eastasianhistory.org/sites/default/files/article-content/32-33/EAH32-33_05.pdf |title= The South China Sea and Its Coral Reefs during the Ming and Qing Dynasties: Levels of Geographical Knowledge and Political Control |author= Ulises Granados |journal= East Asian History |volume= 32/33 |year= 2006 |pages= 109–128 |access-date= 6 May 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190801234520/http://www.eastasianhistory.org/sites/default/files/article-content/32-33/EAH32-33_05.pdf |archive-date= 1 August 2019 |url-status= dead }}</ref>]]
Dalam karya Dinasti Song Zhu fan zhi oleh Zhao Rugua, nama "Seribu Li Hamparan Pasir" (Qianli Changsha, {{lang|zh-hant|千里長沙}}) dan "Sepuluh Ribu Li Kolam Batu/Tempat Tidur" (Wanli Shitang {{lang|zh-hant|萬里石塘}}, atau Wanli Shichuang {{lang|zh|{{linktext|萬里|石|床}}}}) diberikan, ditafsirkan oleh beberapa orang masing-masing merujuk pada Paracel dan Spratly.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKXRRfWtkw8C&pg=PA157 |title=Security Flashpoints: Oil, Islands, Sea Access and Military Confrontation |author=Jianming Shen |editor=Myron H. Nordquist |editor2=John Norton Moore |pages=156–159 |publisher=Brill |year=1998 |isbn=978-9041110565 |access-date=27 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016023230/https://books.google.com/books?id=DKXRRfWtkw8C&pg=PA157&lpg=PA157#v=onepage |archive-date=16 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wanli Shitang juga tercatat dalam Sejarah Yuan telah dieksplorasi oleh orang Tiongkok selama dinasti Yuan yang dipimpin Mongol dan mungkin dianggap oleh mereka berada dalam batas-batas nasional mereka.<ref>{{Citation |author=Jianming Shen |editor1-last=Nordquist |editor1-first=Myron H. |editor2-last=Moore |editor2-first=John Norton |chapter=Territorial Aspects of the South China Sea Island Disputes |date=1998 |title=Security Flashpoints: Oil, Islands, Sea Access and Military Confrontation |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-90-411-1056-5 |pages=165–166 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKXRRfWtkw8C&q=%22wang+dayuan%22+spratly&pg=PA163}}, {{ISBN|90-411-1056-9}} {{ISBN|978-90-411-1056-5}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/topics/3754/t19231.htm|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China|work=fmprc.gov.cn|access-date=2 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220023649/http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/topics/3754/t19231.htm|archive-date=20 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">[[History of Yuan]] geographical records: ''Yuan Dynasty Territorial Map'' (元代疆域图叙)</ref> Namun, Yuan juga menguasai Korea, Mongolia Luar, dan sebagian Rusia modern. Mereka juga dirujuk, kadang-kadang dengan nama yang berbeda, dalam dinasti Ming.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Citation|script-title=zh:《海南卫指挥佥事柴公墓志铬》|trans-title=[[Hainan]] [[Commandery (China)|Commandery]] Comprehensive Public Memorial Records}}</ref><ref name="miscrec">''Miscellaneous Records of the South Sea Defensive Command'' 《海南卫指挥佥事柴公墓志》</ref> Misalnya, dalam peta Mao Kun yang berasal dari pelayaran Zheng He pada awal abad ke-15, Shixing Shitang ({{lang|zh|石星石塘}}) dianggap oleh beberapa orang sebagai Spratly,<ref name="security">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKXRRfWtkw8C&pg=PA168 |title=Security Flashpoints: Oil, Islands, Sea Access and Military Confrontation |author=Jianming Shen |editor1=Myron H. Nordquist |editor2=John Norton Moore |pages=168–169 |publisher=Brill |year=1998 |isbn=978-9041110565 |access-date=19 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510102428/https://books.google.com/books?id=DKXRRfWtkw8C&pg=PA168&lpg=PA168#v=onepage |archive-date=10 May 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> namun penulis yang berbeda menafsirkan identitas pulau-pulau ini secara berbeda.<ref name="mills"/> Teks Ming lainnya, Haiyu (海語, On the Sea), menggunakan Wanli Changsha ({{lang|zh|萬里長沙}}) untuk Spratly dan mencatat bahwa ia terletak di tenggara Wanli Shitang (Paracel).<ref name="security" /> Ketika Dinasti Ming runtuh, dinasti Qing terus memasukkan wilayah tersebut dalam peta yang disusun pada tahun 1724,<ref>''Qing dynasty provincial map from [[tianxia]] world map'' 《清直省分图》之《天下总舆图》</ref> 1755,<ref>''Qing dynasty circuit and province map from Tianxia world map'' 《皇清各直省分图》之《天下总舆图》</ref> 1767,<ref>''Great Qing of 10,000-years Tianxia map'' 《大清万年一统天下全图》</ref> 1810,<ref>'' Great Qing of 10,000-years general map of all territory'' 《大清万年一统地量全图》</ref> dan 1817,<ref name="autogenerated2">''Great Qing tianxia overview map'' 《大清一统天下全图》</ref> tetapi tidak secara resmi mengklaim yurisdiksi atas pulau-pulau ini.
== Letak geografis ==
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