Varian SARS-CoV-2: Perbedaan antara revisi

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| Turunan dari 20A<ref name="nextstrain-amendation" />
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Varian SARS-CoV-2 dikelompokkan berdasarkan garis keturunan dan mutasi komponennya.<ref name="The biological and clinical signifi">{{cite journal |last1=Tao |first1=Kaiming |last2=Tzou |first2=Philip L. |last3=Nouhin |first3=Janin |last4=Gupta |first4=Ravindra K. |last5=de Oliveira |first5=Tulio |last6=Kosakovsky Pond |first6=Sergei L. |last7=Fera |first7=Daniela |last8=Shafer |first8=Robert W. |date=17 September 2021 |title=The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |pp=1–17 |doi=10.1038/s41576-021-00408-x}}</ref> Namun, per Juli 2021, belum ada penamaan yang konsisten untuk varian-varian ini.<ref name="3.6">{{cite book |author=WHO Headquarters |date=8 Januari 2021 |title=SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing for public health goals: Interim guidance, 8 January 2021 |chapter=3.6 Considerations for virus naming and nomenclature |page=6 |publisher=Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia |url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-genomic_sequencing-2021.1 |access-date=2 Februari 2021}}</ref> Banyak organisasi, termasuk pemerintah dan surat kabar, merujuknya dengan tempat pertama kali varian itu ditemukan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statnews.com/2021/02/09/not-british-variant-call-it-b117/ |title=Don't call it the 'British variant.' Use the correct name: B.1.1.7 |date=9 Februari 2021 |website=STAT |access-date=12 Februari 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/why-the-who-won-t-call-it-the-u-k-variant-and-you-shouldn-t-either-1.5292441?cache=yes%3FclipId%3D1723871 |authors=Flanagan, R. |date=2 Februari 2021 |title=Why the WHO won't call it the 'U.K. variant', and you shouldn't either |website=CTV News |access-date=12 Februari 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 
Setelah membahas berbulan-bulan, [[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] (WHO) menetapkan nama-nama dari [[Alfabet Yunani|huruf Yunani]] untuk galur penting pada 31 Mei 2021<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/mvankerkhove/status/1399388129300205569 |title=Today, @WHO announces new, easy-to-say labels for #SARSCoV2 Variants of Concern (VOCs) & Interest (VOIs) |access-date=7 Juli 2021 |language=en}}</ref> agar tiap varian bisa dirujuk dengan mudah tanpa menimbulkan stigma.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statnews.com/2021/05/31/the-name-game-for-coronavirus-variants-just-got-a-little-easier/ |authors=Branswell, H. |date=31 Mai 2021 |title=The name game for coronavirus variants just got a little easier |work=Stat News |access-date=28 Juni 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/15-01-2021-statement-on-the-sixth-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-pandemic |author=Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia |date=15 Januari 2021 |title=Statement on the sixth meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic |access-date=18 Januari 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Keputusan ini juga menimbang kritikan dari negara-negara terhadap penggunaan nama negara untuk merujuk varian; WHO menyinggung potensi munculnya stigma akibat penggunaan nama negara.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covid: WHO renames UK and other variants with Greek letters |date=31 Mei 2021 |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-57308592 |access-date=7 Juli 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
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== Kriteria pencatatan ==
Pada umumnya, virus mengalami mutasi sepanjang waktu sehingga muncul varian-varian baru. Ketika varian baru tampak berkembang dalam suatu populasi, ia dapat ditandai sebagai "varian yang sedang muncul". Untuk kasus SARS-CoV-2, garis keturunan baru sering berbeda satu sama lain hanya pada beberapa nukleotida.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tao |first1=Kaiming |last2=Tzou |first2=Philip L. |last3=Nouhin |first3=Janin |last4=Gupta |first4=Ravindra K. |last5=de Oliveira |first5=Tulio |last6=Kosakovsky Pond |first6=Sergei L. |last7=Fera |first7=Daniela |last8=Shafer |first8=Robert W. |date=17 September 2021 |titlename="The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |pp=1–17 |doi=10.1038/s41576-021-00408-x}}<signifi"/ref>
 
Beberapa potensi dampak dari varian yang baru muncul adalah sebagai berikut:<ref name=":33" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sciencespeaksblog.org/2021/02/02/covid-mega-variant-and-eight-criteria-for-a-template-to-assess-all-variants/ |author=IDSA Contributor |date=2 Februari 2021 |title=COVID "Mega-variant" and eight criteria for a template to assess all variants |website=Science Speaks: Global ID News |access-date=20 Februari 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>
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=== Delta (garis Keturunan B.1.617.2) ===
{{utama|Varian Delta SARS-CoV-2}}
'''Varian Delta SARS-CoV-2''', juga dikenal sebagai '''B.1.617.2''',{{efn|Nama lainnya meliputi:<br />– '''G/452R.V3'''<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update (2 May 2021) |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/20210504_Weekly_Epi_Update_38.pdf |website=reliefweb.int |publisher=Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia |access-date=6 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />– '''varian India'''}} adalah sebuah [[Varian SARS-CoV-2|varian]] [[SARS-CoV-2]] [[garis keturunan SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617|bergaris keturunan B.1.617]], [[virus]] yang menyebabkan [[Covid-19]].<ref name="gov.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-variants-identified-in-uk |title=Confirmed cases of COVID-19 variants identified in UK |website=www.gov.uk |date=15 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-20 |language=en}} {{OGL-attribution|version=3.0}}</ref> Varian tersebut dinamai varian Delta oleh WHO melalui sistem penamaan baru yang diperkenalkan pada 31 Mei 2021.<ref name="BBC.May.31.2021">{{cite news |title=Covid: WHO renames UK and other variants with Greek letters |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-57308592 |date=2021-05-31 |website=BBC News |access-date=2021-06-08 |language=en}}</ref> Varian tersebut pertama kali terdeteksi di India pada akhir 2020.<ref name="GISAID">{{cite web |url=https://www.gisaid.org/hcov19-variants/ |title=Tracking of Variants |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=26 April 2021 |website=gisaid.org |publisher=[[GISAID]] |access-date=30 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="SMC1">{{cite web |title=Expert reaction to cases of variant B.1.617 (the 'Indian variant') being investigated in the UK |url=https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-cases-of-variant-b-1-617-the-indian-variant-being-investigated-in-the-uk/ |website=Science Media Centre |access-date=20 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 
Varian ini bertanggung jawab terhadap sebagian peningkatan kasus pada [[Pandemi Covid-19 di India|gelombang kedua pandemi di India]] yang dimulai sejak Februari 2021.<ref name=":0">[https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/11/india-covid-explainer-what-we-know-about-the-bpoint1point617-variant.html WHO labels a Covid strain in India as a ‘variant of concern’ — here’s what we know], CNBC, 11 May 2021.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-57067190 WHO says India Covid variant of 'global concern'], BBC News, 11 May 2021.</ref><ref>[https://science.thewire.in/health/covid-19-the-second-wave-may-not-be-the-last-but-which-one-will-be/ India’s second COVID-19 wave], The Wire Science, 22 April 2021.</ref>