Lingkungan dan orientasi seksual: Perbedaan antara revisi

IlmuwanDahulu ilmuwan tidak tahu pasti apa yang menyebabkan orientasi seksual, tetapi mereka berteori bahwa ini adalah hasil dari pengaruh kompleks antara [[genetik]], [[hormonal]], dan pengaruh lingkungan.,<ref name="Frankowski">{{cite journal |doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827 |author=Frankowski BL|author2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents |journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113 |issue=6 |pages=1827–32 |date=June 2004|pmid=15173519|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref><ref name="Lamanna">{{cite book|author=Mary Ann Lamanna|author2=Agnes Riedmann|author3=Susan D Stewart|title=Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1305176898|year=2014|page=82|accessdate=January 11, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fofaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|quote=The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established &nbsp;– nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors...is shaped at an early age...[and evidence suggests] biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychology Association 2010).}}</ref><ref name="Stuart">{{cite book|author=Gail Wiscarz Stuart|title=Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing|publisher=[[Elsevier Health Sciences]]|isbn=032329412X|year=2014|page=502|accessdate=January 11, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivALBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|quote=No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.}}</ref> Tidakversi sepertilain memasukan [[identitas orientasi seksualPsikologi|psikologis]] dibandingkan lingkungan,<ref>{{Cite merekaweb|title=Is tidakSexual melihatOrientation orientasiDetermined seksualat sebagaiBirth? sebuah- pilihanBorn Gay - ProCon.<reforg|url=https://borngay.procon.org/questions/is-sexual-orientation-determined-at-birth/|website=Born nameGay|language="Frankowski"en-US|access-date=|quote=...in its stead, the report finds that human DNA cannot predict who is gay or heterosexual. Sexuality cannot be pinned down by biology, psychology or life experiences, this study and others show, because human sexual attraction is decided by all these factors.}}</ref> namun peninjauan ulang [[genetik]] dilakukan pada tahun 2019, memperbarui dan membantah pengaruh ''genetik-kromosom'' atau ''genom'', hereditas hingga faktor penurunan hormon pada genetik terkait.<ref name="Lamanna:0" /> Diagnosis eksplisit [[Psikologi|psikologis]] dihilangkan dari umum karena keganasan [[egalitarianisme]] dan kesepakatan daripada bukti ilmiah mengenai [[patologi]] dan kajian dampak biologis mendatang lainnya,<ref name="Kersey-Matusiak:3">{{cite book|author=Gloria Kersey-MatusiakCitation|title=DeliveringPolitics, Culturallyscience, Competentand Nursingthe Care|publisher=[[Springerproblem Publishingof Company]]|isbn=0826193811|year=2012|page=169|accessdate=Januarypsychiatric 10,nomenclature: 2016a case study of the American Psychiatric Association referendum on homosexuality|date=1987|url=https://bookswww.googlecambridge.comorg/core/books?id=X8O_wGedAYoC&pg=PA169/scientific-controversies/politics-science-and-the-problem-of-psychiatric-nomenclature-a-case-study-of-the-american-psychiatric-association-referendum-on-homosexuality/A5473E47B6825ABCA1ABCF8614DEB944|quotejournal=MostScientific healthControversies: andCase mentalStudies healthin organizationsthe doResolution notand viewClosure sexualof orientationDisputes asin aScience 'choiceand Technology|pages=381–400|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.'1017/cbo9780511628719.018|isbn=978-0-521-25565-3}}</ref> dan bukti ilmiah seadanya saat itu pada tahun 1970.

Hipotesis bahwa lingkungan sosial pascalahir berdampak pada orientasi seksual adalah lemah, terutama bagi laki-laki.<ref name="Bailey1">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bailey JM, Vasey PL, Diamond LM, Breedlove SM, Vilain E, Epprecht M|title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science |journal=[[Psychological Science in the Public Interest]]|volume=17|issue=21|date=2016|doi=10.1177/1529100616637616|PMID=27113562|pages=45-101}}</ref> Meskipun tidak ada bukti kuat yang berpendapat bahwa pengasuhan orang tua atau pengalaman kanak-kanak awal berperan dalam orientasi seksual,<ref name="AmPsychiAssn-Sexual orientation">{{Cite web|title=Sexual Orientation|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|accessdate=January 1, 2013|url=http://healthyminds.org/More-Info-For/GayLesbianBisexuals.aspx|archivedate=July 22, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722080052/http://www.healthyminds.org/More-Info-For/GayLesbianBisexuals.aspx}}</ref><ref name="rcp2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/workinpsychiatry/specialinterestgroups/gaylesbian/submissiontothecofe.aspx |title=Submission to the Church of England’s Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality |publisher=The Royal College of Psychiatrists|accessdate=13 June 2013}}</ref> beberapa studi telah menghubungkan pengasuhan orang tua dengan identitas [[non-heteroseksual]],<ref name="Sweden"/><ref name=Parenting2010>{{cite journal|last1=Schumm|first1=Walter R.|title=CHILDREN OF HOMOSEXUALS MORE APT TO BE HOMOSEXUALS? A REPLY TO MORRISON AND TO CAMERON BASED ON AN EXAMINATION OF MULTIPLE SOURCES OF DATA|journal=Journal of Biosocial Science|date=November 2010|volume=42|issue=06|doi=10.1017/S0021932010000325|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7907017&fileId=S0021932010000325|accessdate=6 September 2014|pmid=20642872|pages=721–42}}</ref> serta non-[[konformitas]] [[nonkonformitas gender masa kanak-kanak|gender masa kanak-kanak]] dan [[homoseksualitas]].<ref name="Bearman">{{cite journal|last=Bearman

|first=Peter|author2=Brückner, Hannah|year=2002|title=Opposite-sex twins and adolescent same-sex attraction|journal=American Journal of Sociology|volume=107|url=http://www.soc.duke.edu/~jmoody77/205a/ecp/bearman_bruckner_ajs.pdf|format=PDF|pages=1179–1205|doi=10.1086/341906}}</ref><ref name=Bem2008>{{cite journal|last1=Bem|first1=Daryl|title=Is There a Causal Link Between Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Adult Homosexuality?|journal=Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health|date=11 Oct 2008|volume=12|issue=1-2|pages=61–79|doi=10.1300/J529v12n01_05|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J529v12n01_05|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="Rieger">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rieger G, Linsenmeier JA, Gygax L, Bailey JM |title=Sexual orientation and childhood gender nonconformity: evidence from home videos |journal=Dev Psychol |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=46–58 |date=Jan 2008 |pmid=18194004 |doi=10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.46 }}</ref> Kondisi seperti ini dan lingkungan atau nurture kondisi tertentu, atau/dan apabila hingga terjadi trauma, sangat berhubung dengan dampak [[Psikologi|psikologis]], eksplisitnya gejala gangguan [[psikosis]], gangguan kontrol impuls, OCD (hingga cabang HOCD, SO-OCD, POCD, Obsesi murni menjadi [[delusi]] atau sebaliknya) atau gangguan kesehatan mental lain yang disebabkan khususnya faktor trauma, hingga kombinasi diantara gangguan atau penyakit tersebut. [[Psikosis|Psikotik]] identik dengan disorientasi. Pada kondisi tertentu, diantara gangguan atau penyakit tersebut juga memungkinkan dari [[hereditas]].