'''ParasetamolParacetamol''' atau '''asetaminofen''' adalah obat [[analgesik]] dan [[antipiretik]] yang banyak dipakai untuk meredakan [[sakit kepala]] ringan [[akut]], nyeri ringan hingga sedang,<ref>{{Cite web|title=PARASETAMOL (ASETAMINOFEN) {{!}} PIO Nas|url=http://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/parasetamol-asetaminofen|website=pionas.pom.go.id|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref> serta [[demam]]. Manfaatnya dalam penanganan demam kurang tepercaya. Berbeda dengan obat analgesik yang lain seperti [[aspirin]] dan [[ibuprofen]], parasetamolparacetamol memiliki sifat [[antiinflamasi]] (antiradang) yang sangat lemah sehingga tidak dapat menggantikan obat-obat tersebut pada penanganan sejumlah penyakit.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ellison|first=Norig|date=2002-05|title=Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th Edition|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200205000-00085|journal=Anesthesia & Analgesia|volume=94|issue=5|pages=1377|doi=10.1097/00000539-200205000-00085|issn=0003-2999}}</ref> Obat ini cukup aman pada dosis standar tetapi [[overdosis]] mudah terjadi karena ia muncul pada banyak [[Sediaan obat|sediaan obat]]<nowiki/>. Obat ini termasuk [[obat bebas]] di Indonesia.
Pada jangka waktu yang pendek, efek samping umum parasetamolparacetamol mencakup [[mual]] dan nyeri perut.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Moore|first=R. Andrew|last2=Moore|first2=Nicholas|date=2016-07-01|title=Paracetamol and pain: the kiloton problem|url=https://ejhp.bmj.com/content/23/4/187|journal=European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy|language=en|volume=23|issue=4|pages=187–188|doi=10.1136/ejhpharm-2016-000952|issn=2047-9956|pmc=PMC6451482|pmid=31156845}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Conaghan|first=Philip G.|last2=Arden|first2=Nigel|last3=Avouac|first3=Bernard|last4=Migliore|first4=Alberto|last5=Rizzoli|first5=René|date=2019-04-01|title=Safety of Paracetamol in Osteoarthritis: What Does the Literature Say?|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-019-00658-9|journal=Drugs & Aging|language=en|volume=36|issue=1|pages=7–14|doi=10.1007/s40266-019-00658-9|issn=1179-1969|pmc=PMC6509082|pmid=31073920}}</ref> Penggunaan jangka panjang dapat mengakibatkan berkurangnya kadar [[hemoglobin]], salah satu ciri [[Pendarahan gastrointestinal|pendarahan saluran cerna]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Roberts|first=Emmert|last2=Nunes|first2=Vanessa Delgado|last3=Buckner|first3=Sara|last4=Latchem|first4=Susan|last5=Constanti|first5=Margaret|last6=Miller|first6=Paul|last7=Doherty|first7=Michael|last8=Zhang|first8=Weiya|last9=Birrell|first9=Fraser|date=2016-03-01|title=Paracetamol: not as safe as we thought? A systematic literature review of observational studies|url=https://ard.bmj.com/content/75/3/552|journal=Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases|language=en|volume=75|issue=3|pages=552–559|doi=10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206914|issn=0003-4967|pmc=PMC4789700|pmid=25732175}}</ref> dan hasil uji [[fungsi hati]] yang abnormal.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Leopoldino|first=Amanda O|last2=Machado|first2=Gustavo C|last3=Ferreira|first3=Paulo H|last4=Pinheiro|first4=Marina B|last5=Day|first5=Richard|last6=McLachlan|first6=Andrew J|last7=Hunter|first7=David J|last8=Ferreira|first8=Manuela L|date=2019-02-25|title=Paracetamol versus placebo for knee and hip osteoarthritis|url=https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013273|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2019|issue=8|doi=10.1002/14651858.cd013273|issn=1465-1858|pmc=PMC6388567|pmid=30801133}}</ref> Terdapat hubungan antara dosis tinggi parasetamol dan peningkatan [[Mortalitas|kematian]] serta efek samping pada [[sistem peredaran darah]] ([[strok]], [[serangan jantung]]), saluran pencernaan ([[Ulkus peptikum|ulkus]], [[Pendarahan gastrointestinal|pendarahan]]),<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Conaghan|first=Philip G.|last2=Arden|first2=Nigel|last3=Avouac|first3=Bernard|last4=Migliore|first4=Alberto|last5=Rizzoli|first5=René|date=2019-04-01|title=Safety of Paracetamol in Osteoarthritis: What Does the Literature Say?|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-019-00658-9|journal=Drugs & Aging|language=en|volume=36|issue=1|pages=7–14|doi=10.1007/s40266-019-00658-9|issn=1179-1969|pmc=PMC6509082|pmid=31073920}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Choueiri|first=Toni K.|last2=Je|first2=Youjin|last3=Cho|first3=Eunyoung|date=2014|title=Analgesic use and the risk of kidney cancer: A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ijc.28093|journal=International Journal of Cancer|language=en|volume=134|issue=2|pages=384–396|doi=10.1002/ijc.28093|issn=1097-0215|pmc=PMC3815746|pmid=23400756}}</ref> dan [[ginjal]]. Obat ini juga dapat meningkatkan risiko munculnya [[Tekanan darah tinggi|hipertensi]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=McCrae|first=J. C.|last2=Morrison|first2=E. E.|last3=MacIntyre|first3=I. M.|last4=Dear|first4=J. W.|last5=Webb|first5=D. J.|date=2018|title=Long-term adverse effects of paracetamol – a review|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bcp.13656|journal=British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|language=en|volume=84|issue=10|pages=2218–2230|doi=10.1111/bcp.13656|issn=1365-2125|pmc=PMC6138494|pmid=29863746}}</ref> Peningkatan kejadian serangan [[asma]] dan gangguan perkembangan serta reproduktif tampak pada keturunan perempuan dengan penggunaan jangka panjang parasetamolparacetamol selama [[kehamilan]]. Kebenaran akan parasetamolparacetamol sebagai penyebab utamanya masih belum jelas.<ref name=":1" /> Bukti hubungan antara penggunaan parasetamolparacetamol selama kehamilan dan [[gangguan spektrum autisme]] serta [[gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas]] ditemukan memiliki kekuatan sedang.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bauer|first=Ann Z.|last2=Kriebel|first2=David|last3=Herbert|first3=Martha R.|last4=Bornehag|first4=Carl-Gustaf|last5=Swan|first5=Shanna H.|date=2018-05-01|title=Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X17304543|journal=Hormones and Behavior|series=Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Behavior|language=en|volume=101|pages=125–147|doi=10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.01.003|issn=0018-506X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gou|first=Xiaoyun|last2=Wang|first2=Yan|last3=Tang|first3=Ying|last4=Qu|first4=Yi|last5=Tang|first5=Jun|last6=Shi|first6=Jing|last7=Xiao|first7=Dongqiong|last8=Mu|first8=Dezhi|date=2019-03-01|title=Association of maternal prenatal acetaminophen use with the risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: A meta-analysis|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867418823276|journal=Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=53|issue=3|pages=195–206|doi=10.1177/0004867418823276|issn=0004-8674}}</ref> Oleh karena itu, penggunaan parasetamolparacetamol pada masa kehamilan dianjurkan dilakukan pada dosis efektif yang paling rendah dalam waktu yang sesingkat mungkin.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Toda|first=Katsuhiro|date=2017-10-01|title=Is acetaminophen safe in pregnancy?|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.09.007/html|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Pain|language=en|volume=17|issue=1|pages=445–446|doi=10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.09.007|issn=1877-8879}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Black|first=Eleanor|last2=Khor|first2=Kok Eng|last3=Kennedy|first3=Debra|last4=Chutatape|first4=Anuntapon|last5=Sharma|first5=Swapnil|last6=Vancaillie|first6=Thierry|last7=Demirkol|first7=Apo|date=2019|title=Medication Use and Pain Management in Pregnancy: A Critical Review|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/papr.12814|journal=Pain Practice|language=en|volume=19|issue=8|pages=875–899|doi=10.1111/papr.12814|issn=1533-2500}}</ref>
Dosis harian maksimum bagi orang dewasa adalah 3 - 4 gram.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-24|title=Paracetamol for adults: painkiller to treat aches, pains and fever|url=https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/paracetamol-for-adults/|website=nhs.uk|language=en|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What are the recommended maximum daily dosages of acetaminophen in adults and children?|url=https://www.medscape.com/answers/820200-27207/what-are-the-recommended-maximum-daily-dosages-of-acetaminophen-in-adults-and-children|website=www.medscape.com|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Machado|first=Gustavo C.|last2=Maher|first2=Chris G.|last3=Ferreira|first3=Paulo H.|last4=Pinheiro|first4=Marina B.|last5=Lin|first5=Chung-Wei Christine|last6=Day|first6=Richard O.|last7=McLachlan|first7=Andrew J.|last8=Ferreira|first8=Manuela L.|date=2015-03-31|title=Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h1225|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=350|pages=h1225|doi=10.1136/bmj.h1225|issn=1756-1833|pmc=PMC4381278|pmid=25828856}}</ref> Dosis yang lebih tinggi dapat mengakibatkan efek racun, antara lain [[kegagalan fungsi hati]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Acetaminophen Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetaminophen.html|website=Drugs.com|language=en|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref> [[Keracunan parasetamol|Keracunan paracetamol]] adalah penyebab utama [[kegagalan hati akut]] di [[Dunia Barat|Barat]] dan merupakan penyebab overdosis obat paling banyak di Amerika Serikat, Australia, dan Selandia Baru.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Daly|first=Frank F. S.|last2=Fountain|first2=John S.|last3=Murray|first3=Lindsay|last4=Graudins|first4=Andis|last5=Buckley|first5=Nicholas A.|date=2008|title=Guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand — explanation and elaboration|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01625.x|journal=Medical Journal of Australia|language=en|volume=188|issue=5|pages=296–302|doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01625.x|issn=1326-5377}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hawkins|first=Leonard C.|last2=Edwards|first2=John N.|last3=Dargan|first3=Paul I.|date=2007-06-01|title=Impact of Restricting Paracetamol Pack Sizes on Paracetamol Poisoning in the United Kingdom|url=https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200730060-00002|journal=Drug Safety|language=en|volume=30|issue=6|pages=465–479|doi=10.2165/00002018-200730060-00002|issn=1179-1942}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Larson|first=Anne M.|last2=Polson|first2=Julie|last3=Fontana|first3=Robert J.|last4=Davern|first4=Timothy J.|last5=Lalani|first5=Ezmina|last6=Hynan|first6=Linda S.|last7=Reisch|first7=Joan S.|last8=Schiødt|first8=Frank V.|last9=Ostapowicz|first9=George|date=2005|title=Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: Results of a United States multicenter, prospective study|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hep.20948|journal=Hepatology|language=en|volume=42|issue=6|pages=1364–1372|doi=10.1002/hep.20948|issn=1527-3350}}</ref>
ParasetamolParacetamol pertama kali dibuat pada tahun 1877 atau 1852.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hillman|first=Susan Kay|date=2012|title=Pharmacology in Athletic Training|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718209770.ch-018|journal=Core Concepts in Athletic Training and Therapy|doi=10.5040/9781718209770.ch-018}}</ref> Ia merupakan obat paling umum untuk penanganan nyeri dan demam baik di Amerika Serikat dan Eropa.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2003|title=Essentials of Emergency Medicine|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10275|doi=10.5005/jp/books/10275}}</ref> Ia termasuk dalam [[Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roth|first=Lukas|last2=Adler|first2=Melissa|last3=Jain|first3=Tanvi|last4=Bempong|first4=Daniel|date=2018-03-28|title=Monographs for medicines on WHO’s Model List of Essential Medicines|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.17.205807|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=96|issue=6|pages=378–385|doi=10.2471/blt.17.205807|issn=0042-9686}}</ref> ParasetamolParacetamol tersedia sebagai [[obat generik]] dengan berbagai bentuk obat dagang seperti [[Tylenol]] dan [[Panadol]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hamilton|first=Richard J|last2=Rowley|first2=Ayana K|date=2009-06-23|title=Book Review: Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia: 2009 Deluxe Lab-Coat Pocket Edition, 10th Edition|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1m199|journal=Annals of Pharmacotherapy|volume=43|issue=7-8|pages=1377–1378|doi=10.1345/aph.1m199|issn=1060-0280}}</ref> Pada tahun 2018, obat ini adalah obat ke-20 yang paling banyak diresepkan di Amerka Serikat, dengan lebih dari 27 juta resep.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=clincalc.com|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Acetaminophen - Drug Usage Statistics, ClinCalc DrugStats Database|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Acetaminophen|website=clincalc.com|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref>
