Matenadaran: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Matenadaran''' ({{lang-hy|Մատենադարան}}), secara resmi dikenal sebagai '''Institut Naskah Kuno Mesrop Mashtots''',{{efn|Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի ինստիտուտ, ''Mesrop Mashtotsi anvan hin dzeragreri institut''.}} adalah museum, koleksi [[naskah]], dan institut penelitian di [[Yerevan]], Armenia. Koleksi naskah-naskah berbahasa Armenia terbesar di dunia tersimpan di museum ini.
Museum ini didirikan pada 1959 dengan dasar nasionalisasi koleksi [[Gereja Apostolik Armenia]], yang saat itu di simpan di [[Katedral Etchmiadzin]]. Koleksinya terus meningkat setelah pendiriannya, kebanyakan mellaui donasi-donasi individu. Sebagai salah satu marka utama Kota Yerevan, museum ini dinamakan menurut Santo Mesrop Mashtots, sosok yang diatribusikan sebagai penemu [[alfabet Armenia]], yang patungnya didirikan di depan bangunan utamanya.
== Nama ==
''Matenadaran'' (մատենադարան) adalah istilah yang dibentuk dari penggabungan kata ''matean'' ([[:wikt:մատեան|մատեան]]) yang artinya "buku" atau "perkamen" dan ''daran'' (դարան) yang artinya "penyimpanan" atau "koleksi". Menurut [[Hrachia Acharian]], salah seorang ahli bahasa Armenia, kedua kata yang membentuk istilah atenadaran berasal dari [[bahasa Persia Pertengahan]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Adjarian |first1=Hrachia |authorlink1=Hrachia Adjarian |title=Հայերեն արմատական բառարան [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] |date=1971 |publisher=[[Yerevan State University|Yerevan University Publishing]] |location=Yerevan |edition=2nd |language=hy}} Volume I, p. [http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=7&dt=HY_HY&query=%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6 633], Volume III, p. [http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=7&dt=HY_HY&pageNumber=1662 269]</ref> Kadang-kadang istilah tersebut juga diterjemahkan sebagai "[[skriptorium]]" dalam bahasa Inggris,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kapoutikian |first1=Silva |authorlink1=Silva Kaputikyan |title=The Madenataran: The Parchment Gate of Armenian |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_armenian-review_1981-06_34_2/page/219 |journal=[[The Armenian Review]] |date=1981 |volume=34 |issue=2 |page=219 |publisher=[[Hairenik Association]] |quote=Manuscripts from the rich collections of the Mechitarist libraries of Venice and Vienna and the Matenadaran (Scriptorium of Ancient Manuscripts) in Erevan, Armenian S.S.R....}}</ref> meskipun terjemahan yang lebih tepat adalah "perpustakaan naskah".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sanjian |first1=Avedis K. |title=Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1972-07_3_3/page/365 |journal=[[International Journal of Middle East Studies]] |date=1972 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=365–371 |quote=...the Matenadaran (Scriptorium) in Erevan, Armenia .... the accurate rendering of 'Matenadaran' is not 'Scriptorium' but 'Library of Manuscripts'.|jstor=162806 }}</ref> Matenadaran sering disebut sebagai [[perpustakaan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stone |first1=Michael E. |authorlink1=Michael E. Stone |title=Selected Studies in Pseudepigrapha and Apocrypha: With Special Reference to the Armenian Tradition |date=1991 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004093430 |page=[https://books.google.am/books?id=6IByub-QSUYC&pg=PA106&dq=Matenadaran 106] |quote=Two MSS in the Matenadaran, Library of Ancient Manuscripts in Erevan...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hunt |first1=Lucy-Anne |editor1-last=Perry |editor1-first=Kenz |title=The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity |date=2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9780470766392 |page=398 |chapter=Eastern Christian Iconographic and Architectural Traditions: Oriental Orthodox |quote=Today, as a result of the wide Armenian diaspora, manuscripts are held in collections all over the world, including Erevan (the Matenadaran Library)...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=D. N. |title=History of Libraries: Ancient and Mediaeval |date=1983 |publisher=Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. |location=New Delhi |page=71 |quote=The evidence of the richness of their output and the speculative thought it is based on is now available to us in the Matenadaran library in Erevan.}}</ref> Pada masa Armenia abad pertengahan, kata ''matenadaran'' digunakan untuk merujuk perpustakaan.<ref name="Abgarian&Ishkhanian"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Aghayan |first1=Eduard |authorlink1=:hy:Էդուարդ Աղայան |title=Արդի հայերենի բացատրական բառարան [Explanatory Dictionary of Modern Armenian] |date=1976 |publisher=Hayastan Publishing |location=Yerevan |page=[http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=24&dt=HY_HY&query=%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6&forceIndex=yes 974] |language=hy}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Նոր բառգիրք հայկազեան լեզուի [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] |date=1837 |publisher=[[San Lazzaro degli Armeni]] |location=Venice |page=[http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=26&dt=HY_HY&pageNumber=1382 215] |language=hy}}</ref>{{efn|Dalam [[bahasa Armenia Timur]], istilah ''gradaran'' digunakan untuk menyebut "perpustakaan", ada pun [[bahasa Armenia Barat]] masih menggunakan istilah ''matenadaran'' untuk menyebut "perpustakaan".<ref name="Abgarian&Ishkhanian">{{cite book |last1=Abgarian |first1=G. |last2=Ishkhanian |first2=R. |authorlink1=:hy:Գևորգ Աբգարյան (բանասեր) |authorlink2=Rafael Ishkhanyan |title=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia Volume 7 |date=1981 |location=Yerevan |page=[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%28Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia%29_7.djvu/page284-4417px-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%28Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia%29_7.djvu.jpg 284] |language=hy |chapter=Մատենադարան [Matenadaran]|title-link=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia }}</ref>}}
Saat ini, ada beberapa perpustakaan naskah di seluruh dunia yang disebut ''matenadaran'', seperti perpustakaan naskah di Biara Mekhitaris di San Lazzaro, [[Venesia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=H. |first1=Hakopian |title=Հայկական մանրանկարչութիւն. Մխիթարեան մատենադարան ձեռագրաց, Ա, Վենետիկ, 1966 |journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]] |volume=№ 3 |date=1968 |issue=3 |pages=264–269 |url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1263/ |language=hy}}</ref> dan [[Patriarki Armenia di Konstatinopel]],<ref>{{cite web |title=APIA 00248 |url=https://www.vhmml.org/readingRoom/view/126814 |website=vhmml.org |publisher=[[Hill Museum & Manuscript Library]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323123149/https://www.vhmml.org/readingRoom/view/126814 |archivedate=23 March 2020 |quote=Armenian Patriarchate of Istanbul, Azgayin Matenadaran}}</ref> serta Koleksi Naskah Vatche dan Tamar Manoukian di [[Katedral Etchmiadzin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Opening of new Matenadaran in Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/696754/mayr-atorum-bacvec-nor-matenadaran-ereq-gradaranneri.html |agency=[[Armenpress]] |date=18 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411211706/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/696754/mayr-atorum-bacvec-nor-matenadaran-ereq-gradaranneri.html |archivedate=11 April 2020}}</ref> Untuk membedakannya dengan yang lain, museum ini sering disebut sebagai '''Matenadaran Yerevan''',{{sfn|Coulie|p=34}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aivazian |first1=Gia |title=Problems in Armenian collection development and technical processing in U.S. libraries |journal=Occasional Papers in Middle Eastern Librarianship |date=1981 |issue=1 |page=23 |publisher=Middle East Librarians Association |quote=For example, the Matenadaran of Yerevan has published a two-volume catalog of its manuscripts...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Samuelian |first1=Thomas J. |authorlink1=Thomas J. Samuelian |title=Classical Armenian culture: influences and creativity |date=1982 |publisher=Scholars Press |isbn=9780891305651 |page=70 |quote=...together with the original, are preserved in the Matenadaran of Erevan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hacikyan|first1=Agop Jack|authorlink1=Agop Jack Hacikyan|last2=Basmajian|first2=Gabriel|last3=Franchuk|first3=Edward S.|last4=Ouzounian|first4=Nourhan|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the sixth to the eighteenth century|year=2002|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814330234|p=[https://archive.org/details/heritageofarmeni00ajha/page/167 <!-- quote="the Yerevan Matenadaran". --> 167]}}</ref><ref name="Demirchian">{{cite book |last1=Demirchian |first1=K. S. |authorlink1=Karen Demirchyan |title=Soviet Armenia |date=1984 |publisher=Progress Publishers |location=Moscow |page=9 }}</ref> atau '''Matenadaran Mashtots'''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alexanian |first1=Joseph M. |editor1-last=Ehrman |editor1-first=Bart D. |editor2-last=Holmes |editor2-first=Michael W. |editor1-link=Bart D. Ehrman |editor2-link=Michael W. Holmes |title=The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis |date=1995 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=9780802848246 |page=[https://books.google.am/books?id=TxhqBeeAqg8C&pg=PA160&dq=the+Mashtots+Matenadaran 160] |chapter=The Armenian Version of the New Testament |quote=....in the Mashtots Matenadaran in Erevan...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stone |first1=Nira |last2=Stone |first2=Michael E. |authorlink2=Michael E. Stone |title=The Armenians: Art, Culture and Religion |date=2007 |publisher=[[Chester Beatty Library]] |isbn=9781904832379 |page=44 |quote=The most important collections of manuscripts today are in the Mashtots' Matenadaran, Institute of Ancient Manuscripts in Yerevan, Armenia...}}</ref>
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== Jajaran Penting ==
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=== Direktur ===
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* [http://www.matenadaran.am/ Situs web resmi]
{{Commons category}}
[[Kategori:Armenia]]
[[Kategori:Bangunan dan struktur di Armenia]]
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