Kepulauan Tiwi: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 112:
Sedihnya, penyanyi Greg Orsto meninggal pada 5 Januari 2021 karena [[Serangan jantung|serangan jantung]], pada usia 59 tahun.<ref name=mndeath2021/> Dia digambarkan sebagai ""jantung B2M, pengaruh yang tenang namun kuat pada band".<ref name=nmedeath2021>{{cite web | title=Singer in Tiwi Islands R&B band B2M dies aged 59 | website=NME |first=Caleb|last= Triscari | date=6 January 2021 | url=https://www.nme.com/en_au/news/music/singer-in-tiwi-islands-rb-band-b2m-dies-aged-59-2850028 | access-date=28 March 2021}}</ref>
==Olahraga==
=== Sepak bola aturan Australia ===
[[Sepak bola Australia]] adalah olahraga paling populer di Kepulauan Tiwi, dan diperkenalkan pada tahun 1941 oleh misionaris John Pye dan Andy Howley.<ref>{{Cite news | title =Tiwi Islands Grand Final | work =Stateline | publisher =Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date =24 March 2006 | url =http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/nt/content/2006/s1600507.htm | access-date =15 August 2008 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182757/http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/nt/content/2006/s1600507.htm | archive-date =3 March 2016 | url-status =dead | df =dmy-all }}</ref> Telah ada kompetisi [[Liga Sepak Bola Kepulauan Tiwi]] sejak 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=1-5545-0-0-0&sID=75919|title=Tiwi Islands Football League: 1969–2008|year=2008|access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Aboriginal football.jpg|260px|thumb|left|Sebuah permainan Tiwi Islands Aussie Rules.]]
Tiwi Australian Football League memiliki 900 peserta dari sekitar 2600 komunitas, tingkat partisipasi sepak bola tertinggi di Australia (35%).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/northern-territory/even-a-cyclone-cant-stop-the-footy/2005/03/19/1111086063413.html|title=Even a cyclone can't stop the footy|date=20 March 2005|access-date=14 May 2006|work=The Sun-Herald}}</ref> Grand Final Liga Sepak Bola Kepulauan Tiwi diadakan pada bulan Maret setiap tahun dan menarik hingga 3.000 penonton.
Pesepakbola Tiwi terkenal dengan keterampilan "satu sentuhan" yang luar biasa. Banyak pemain memiliki preferensi untuk bermain tanpa alas kaki. Banyak pemain pria juga bermain untuk [[St Mary's Football Club (NTFL)|Klub Sepak Bola St Mary]] di [[Darwin, Wilayah Utara|Darwin]], yang dibentuk khusus agar tentara Tiwi pada tahun 1950-an dapat bermain di [[Liga Sepak Bola Wilayah Utara]].
[[Tiwi Bombers Football Club]] menurunkan tim di [[Liga Sepak Bola Wilayah Utara]] dari musim 2006/07.
Pesepakbola terkenal dari Kepulauan Tiwi yang pernah bermain di kompetisi nasional [[Victoria Football League|VFL]] / [[Australian Football League|AFL]]. Yang paling menonjol adalah keluarga [[Rioli]] telah menghasilkan dinasti pemain AFL yang terkait dengan Cyril Rioli Snr. Anggota terkemuka dari keluarga ini termasuk [[Maurice Rioli]],<ref name="Cyril">{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/sport/afl/story/0,26576,24269334-19767,00.html|title=Maurice: Cyril may be best Rioli yet|last=McFarlane|first=Glenn|date=31 August 2008|work=Herald Sun|access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref> [[Dean Rioli]], [[Willie Rioli]], [[Daniel Rioli]] dan [[Maurice Rioli Jr]]. Pemain terkenal lainnya termasuk [[Ronnie Burns (pemain sepak bola)|Ronnie Burns]],<ref name="Tiwieffect">{{cite web|url=http://www.afl.com.au/tabid/208/default.aspx?newsid=77217 |title=The Tiwi effect |last=Roffey |first=Chelsea |author-link=Chelsea Roffey |date=21 May 2009 |work=AFL BigPond |access-date=29 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930211031/http://www.afl.com.au/tabid/208/default.aspx?newsid=77217 |archive-date=30 September 2012 }}</ref> [[Michael Long (pesepakbola)|Michael Long]],<ref name="Tiwieffect" /> [[Austin Wonaeamirri]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.melbournefc.com.au/tabid/7415/Default.aspx?newsid=60016 |title=Q&A with Austin Wonaeamirri |last=Burgan |first=Matt |date=22 May 2008 |work=Melbourne Football Club |access-date=27 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003095854/http://www.melbournefc.com.au/tabid/7415/Default.aspx?newsid=60016 |archive-date=3 October 2009 }}</ref> [[David Kantilla]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stmarysfc0.tripod.com/id59.html|title=St Mary's F.C. – David Kantilla|access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref> [[Anthony McDonald-Tipungwuti]] dan [[Ben Long (pemain sepak bola)|Ben Long]].
Maurice Rioli ([[Musim VFL 1982|1982]]) dan Michael Long ([[Musim AFL 1993|1993]]) keduanya adalah paman dari Cyril Rioli ([[Musim AFL 2015|2015]]), dan semuanya tiga telah memenangkan [[Norm Smith Medal]] karena dinilai sebagai pemain terbaik dari [[Australian Football League|AFL Grand Final]].
Klub Sepak Bola Kepulauan Tiwi menjadi subjek serial ABC's ''Message Stick'' pada tahun 2009, berjudul "In A League of They Own".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inaleagueoftheirown.com.au/|title=In A League of Their Own|year=2009|access-date=21 May 2009}}</ref>
===Kriket===
Seperti yang dilaporkan dalam ''[[The Australian|The Weekend Australian]]'' pada tahun 2010, pemain kriket Australia yang dipimpin oleh [[Mathew Hayden]] mengumpulkan $200.000 untuk pengembangan kriket di Kepulauan Tiwi. Dengan mantan pemain internasional [[Allan Border]], [[Michael Kasprowicz]] dan [[Andy Bichel]], pertandingan antara Hayden XI dan Border XI dihadiri oleh 1.000 orang, hampir separuh populasi pulau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/test/error/index.html|title=Oops… Looks like something went wrong! This page does not exist or has been moved.|website=www.espncricinfo.com}}</ref>
==Transportasi==
[[File:Tiwi Islands car ferry.jpg|thumb|Feri Mobil Kepulauan Tiwi pada Mei 2011]]
Operator penerbangan komersial, [[Fly Tiwi]], menghubungkan kedua pulau satu sama lain dan ke Darwin. Dibentuk sebagai asosiasi antara Hardy Aviation dan Tiwi Land Council, Fly Tiwi memiliki penerbangan harian ke ketiga komunitas di pulau tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flytiwi.com.au/main/page_about_us.html |title=About Fly Tiwi |publisher=Fly Tiwi |access-date=20 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114031508/http://flytiwi.com.au/main/page_about_us.html |archive-date=14 January 2014 }}</ref>
[[SeaLink Travel Group|SeaLink NT]] mengoperasikan layanan feri yang menghubungkan Wurrumiyanga dan Darwin, melakukan perjalanan 2,5 jam sekali jalan tiga hari seminggu.<ref>"SeaLink NT ferry timetable" [https://www.sealinknt.com.au/ferry/]". Retrieved 23 February 2017</ref>
Pada tahun 2008, pemerintah daerah memelihara {{cvt|925|km}} jalan di pulau tersebut.<ref name="RMP08">{{cite web|url=http://www.localgovernment.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/41506/NORTHERN_REGION_RMP_Aug_08.pdf |title=Local Government Regional Management Plan – Northern Region |last=Northern Territory Department of Local Government and Housing |date=August 2008 |access-date=7 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515044028/http://www.localgovernment.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/41506/NORTHERN_REGION_RMP_Aug_08.pdf |archive-date=15 May 2009 }}</ref>
==Lingkungan, konservasi dan penggunaan lahan==
Ekstremitas iklim dan geografis pulau-pulau tersebut berarti bahwa mereka memiliki vegetasi yang khas dan nilai konservasi khusus:<blockquote>karena isolasi mereka dan karena memiliki curah hujan yang sangat tinggi, Kepulauan Tiwi mendukung banyak spesies yang tidak tercatat di tempat lain di Northern Territory (atau di dunia), dan beberapa spesies yang dibatasi jangkauannya. Kepulauan Tiwi memiliki hutan eukaliptus yang paling berkembang (tertinggi dan dengan area basal terluas) di Territory serta kepadatan dan luasan hutan hujan yang luar biasa tinggi.<ref name="SCCTI"/></blockquote>
===Iklim===
Kepulauan Tiwi memiliki [[Iklim muson tropis]], ([[Klasifikasi iklim Köppen|Köppen]] ''Am''), dengan curah hujan {{cvt|2000|mm}} di utara Pulau Bathurst dan {{cvt |1200 hingga 1400|mm}} di Pulau Melville timur.<ref name="TiwiNRMS">{{cite web|url=http://tiwilandcouncil.com/documents/publications/land/Tiwi_physical_profile.pdf/Tiwi_physical_profile.pdf |title=Tiwi Islands Regional Natural Resource Management Strategy – Tiwi Physical Profile |publisher=Tiwi Land Council |access-date=20 November 2013 }} {{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Musim hujan dari November hingga April menjadikan kepulauan ini memiliki curah hujan tertinggi di Northern Territory.<ref name=bli/> Orang Tiwi menggambarkan tiga musim yang berbeda: musim kemarau (musim asap), penumpukan (kelembaban tinggi dan nyanyian jangkrik) dan hujan (badai) Musim membingkai gaya hidup orang Tiwi, menentukan sumber makanan yang tersedia dan kegiatan seremonial mereka.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tiwi Islands: Location |website=Tiwi Art Network |url=http://www.tiwiart.com/tiwi_islands/item/9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617082611/http://www.tiwiart.com/tiwi_islands/item/9 |archive-date=2011-06-17 }}</ref>
Tiwi tunduk pada fenomena meteorologi yang berulang, dijuluki [[Hector (awan)|Hector]], di mana badai petir terbentuk hampir setiap hari dari November hingga Desember dan Februari hingga Maret. Badai ini sangat kuat, menembus 20 kilometer ke atmosfer, dan terlihat dari jauh hingga ke Darwin.<ref name="cloudappreaciation">{{cite web |title=The cloud called Hector |url=https://cloudappreciationsociety.org/the-cloud-called-hector/ |website=Cloud Appreciation Society |access-date=23 August 2022 |date=7 September 2006}}</ref> Disebabkan oleh benturan [[Angin laut|angin laut]] di seluruh pulau.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beringer |first=Jason |author2=Tapper, Nigel J. |author3=Keenan, Tom D. |title=Evolution of maritime continent thunderstorms under varying meteorological conditions over the Tiwi Islands |journal=International Journal of Climatology |date=30 June 2001 |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=1021–1036 |doi=10.1002/joc.622 |bibcode = 2001IJCli..21.1021B |s2cid=129777034 }}</ref>
<br /> <div style="width:75%;">
{{Weather box
|location = [[Milikapiti]] (Pulau Melville (Australia)|Pulau Melville)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 37.2
|Feb record high C = 36.2
|Mar record high C = 36.6
|Apr record high C = 37.3
|May record high C = 36.7
|Jun record high C = 36.0
|Jul record high C = 36.0
|Aug record high C = 36.1
|Sep record high C = 36.3
|Oct record high C = 37.2
|Nov record high C = 37.2
|Dec record high C = 36.8
|year record high C = 37.3
|Jan high C = 32.0
|Feb high C = 32.0
|Mar high C = 32.3
|Apr high C = 33.5
|May high C = 32.9
|Jun high C = 31.5
|Jul high C = 31.1
|Aug high C = 32.0
|Sep high C = 33.0
|Oct high C = 33.7
|Nov high C = 33.8
|Dec high C = 32.9
|year high C = 32.6
|Jan low C = 23.8
|Feb low C = 23.7
|Mar low C = 23.7
|Apr low C = 22.8
|May low C = 21.2
|Jun low C = 19.1
|Jul low C = 18.4
|Aug low C = 20.0
|Sep low C = 21.7
|Oct low C = 23.3
|Nov low C = 24.0
|Dec low C = 23.9
|year low C = 22.1
|Jan record low C = 19.4
|Feb record low C = 19.4
|Mar record low C = 20.6
|Apr record low C = 17.8
|May record low C = 15.0
|Jun record low C = 13.3
|Jul record low C = 10.6
|Aug record low C = 14.7
|Sep record low C = 17.2
|Oct record low C = 17.8
|Nov record low C = 21.1
|Dec record low C = 21.3
|year record low C = 10.6
|Jan rain mm = 298.5
|Feb rain mm = 295.2
|Mar rain mm = 317.8
|Apr rain mm = 102.3
|May rain mm = 67.4
|Jun rain mm = 5.9
|Jul rain mm = 0.9
|Aug rain mm = 4.5
|Sep rain mm = 5.9
|Oct rain mm = 51.2
|Nov rain mm = 121.9
|Dec rain mm = 282.8
|Jan rain days = 17.8
|Feb rain days = 16.2
|Mar rain days = 17.1
|Apr rain days = 8.1
|May rain days = 3.6
|Jun rain days = 0.9
|Jul rain days = 0.4
|Aug rain days = 0.6
|Sep rain days = 0.9
|Oct rain days = 4.1
|Nov rain days = 10.3
|Dec rain days = 14.6
|unit rain days = 0.2mm
|source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)|Bureau of Meteorology]]<ref>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_014103_All|site_name=MILIKAPITI|access-date=28 April 2013|date=April 2013}}</ref>
|date=April 2013}}
</div>
<br /> <div style="width:75%;">
{{Weather box
|location = [[Cape Fourcroy]] (Pulau Bathurst (Wilayah Utara)|Pulau Bathurst)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 34.3
|Feb record high C = 34.7
|Mar record high C = 33.7
|Apr record high C = 35.0
|May record high C = 34.0
|Jun record high C = 33.0
|Jul record high C = 33.2
|Aug record high C = 34.0
|Sep record high C = 35.2
|Oct record high C = 36.3
|Nov record high C = 35.9
|Dec record high C = 35.3
|year record high C = 36.3
|Jan high C = 31.6
|Feb high C = 31.5
|Mar high C = 31.6
|Apr high C = 32.1
|May high C = 31.2
|Jun high C = 29.4
|Jul high C = 29.8
|Aug high C = 30.7
|Sep high C = 31.9
|Oct high C = 32.8
|Nov high C = 33.0
|Dec high C = 32.4
|year high C = 31.5
|Jan low C = 25.8
|Feb low C = 25.6
|Mar low C = 24.9
|Apr low C = 23.6
|May low C = 21.2
|Jun low C = 18.7
|Jul low C = 18.5
|Aug low C = 18.8
|Sep low C = 21.4
|Oct low C = 23.8
|Nov low C = 25.0
|Dec low C = 25.5
|year low C = 22.7
|Jan record low C = 21.8
|Feb record low C = 21.9
|Mar record low C = 20.0
|Apr record low C = 16.5
|May record low C = 12.0
|Jun record low C = 8.2
|Jul record low C = 9.9
|Aug record low C = 11.9
|Sep record low C = 12.6
|Oct record low C = 18.8
|Nov record low C = 21.4
|Dec record low C = 22.0
|year record low C = 8.2
|Jan rain mm = 343.4
|Feb rain mm = 280.4
|Mar rain mm = 220.5
|Apr rain mm = 144.0
|May rain mm = 31.1
|Jun rain mm = 7.2
|Jul rain mm = 0.3
|Aug rain mm = 0.5
|Sep rain mm = 11.0
|Oct rain mm = 67.4
|Nov rain mm = 119.6
|Dec rain mm = 308.5
|Jan rain days = 19.2
|Feb rain days = 15.6
|Mar rain days = 15.8
|Apr rain days = 11.1
|May rain days = 4.2
|Jun rain days = 1.6
|Jul rain days = 0.4
|Aug rain days = 0.8
|Sep rain days = 1.9
|Oct rain days = 6.4
|Nov rain days = 10.3
|Dec rain days = 16.3
|unit rain days = 0.2mm
|source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)|Bureau of Meteorology]]<ref>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_200731_All|site_name=POINT FAWCETT|access-date=28 April 2013|date=April 2013}}</ref>
|date=April 2013}}
</div>
{{Weather box|location = Bandar Udara Pirlangimpi
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 36.4
|Feb record high C = 36.5
|Mar record high C = 36.7
|Apr record high C = 37.1
|May record high C = 35.8
|Jun record high C = 35.0
|Jul record high C = 35.1
|Aug record high C = 36.1
|Sep record high C = 38.3
|Oct record high C = 38.1
|Nov record high C = 38.6
|Dec record high C = 37.2
|year record high C =
|Jan high C = 32.1
|Feb high C = 32.0
|Mar high C = 32.4
|Apr high C = 33.0
|May high C = 32.8
|Jun high C = 31.6
|Jul high C = 31.6
|Aug high C = 32.5
|Sep high C = 33.7
|Oct high C = 34.1
|Nov high C = 34.0
|Dec high C = 33.2
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = 28.4
|Feb mean C = 28.3
|Mar mean C = 28.2
|Apr mean C = 28.1
|May mean C = 27.1
|Jun mean C = 25.3
|Jul mean C = 25.0
|Aug mean C = 25.8
|Sep mean C = 27.5
|Oct mean C = 28.6
|Nov mean C = 29.1
|Dec mean C = 29.0
|Jan low C = 24.8
|Feb low C = 24.6
|Mar low C = 24.1
|Apr low C = 23.2
|May low C = 21.5
|Jun low C = 19.0
|Jul low C = 18.5
|Aug low C = 19.1
|Sep low C = 21.4
|Oct low C = 23.1
|Nov low C = 24.2
|Dec low C = 24.9
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = 15.4
|Feb record low C = 20.0
|Mar record low C = 18.0
|Apr record low C = 15.7
|May record low C = 14.0
|Jun record low C = 10.5
|Jul record low C = 11.6
|Aug record low C = 12.8
|Sep record low C = 15.9
|Oct record low C = 18.9
|Nov record low C = 17.6
|Dec record low C = 21.0
|year record low C =
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 414.2
|Feb rain mm = 374.8
|Mar rain mm = 331.9
|Apr rain mm = 192.0
|May rain mm = 22.7
|Jun rain mm = 0.9
|Jul rain mm = 1.8
|Aug rain mm = 3.2
|Sep rain mm = 22.2
|Oct rain mm = 79.0
|Nov rain mm = 182.2
|Dec rain mm = 361.2
|Jan rain days = 20.9
|Feb rain days = 20.0
|Mar rain days = 21.3
|Apr rain days = 13.4
|May rain days = 3.9
|Jun rain days = 0.6
|Jul rain days = 0.8
|Aug rain days = 1.0
|Sep rain days = 3.1
|Oct rain days = 8.1
|Nov rain days = 14.8
|Dec rain days = 19.0
|source 1 = <ref>http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=014142&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2022}}</ref>
}}
===Flora dan fauna===
Pulau-pulau tersebut telah diisolasi dari daratan Australia sejak [[Periode glasial terakhir|Zaman Es Terakhir]]. Sebagian besar ditutupi oleh [[Hutan|hutan]] [[Eukaliptus|eukaliptus]] pada dataran tinggi [[Laterit|lateritic]] yang landai. Hutan terbuka yang luas, [[Kayu|kayu]] terbuka dan vegetasi riparian didominasi oleh [[Eukaliptus|Darwin Stringybarks]], [[Eukaliptus|Woollybutts]], dan [[Melaleuca|kayu putih]]. Terdapat petak kecil hutan hujan yang berasosiasi dengan [[Mata air|mata air]], dan [[Hutan bakau|mangrove]] menempati banyak ceruk.<ref name=bli/>
Terdapat berbagai spesies terancam dan [[Endemisme|endemik]] di Kepulauan Tiwi. Tiga puluh delapan spesies terancam telah dicatat, dan sejumlah tumbuhan dan invertebrata tidak ditemukan di tempat lain, termasuk delapan spesies tumbuhan dan beberapa siput darat dan capung.<ref name="DEWR"/> Pulau-pulau tersebut sangat [[Mamalia|mamalia]] beragam, menampung 36 spesies mamalia asli.<ref name=":0" /> Mamalia yang terancam termasuk [[Tupai ekor-sikat|tikus kelinci ekor sikat]], [[phascogale ekor sikat|phascogale ekor sikat utara]], [[Tikus air palsu|false water rat]] dan [[Carpentarian dunnart]].<ref name=bli/> Pulau-pulau ini menampung koloni berkembang biak terbesar di dunia dari [[crested tern]] dan populasi besar dari [[Penyu lekang]];<ref name="DEWR"/> program konservasi penyu dimulai di pulau-pulau tersebut pada tahun 2007.<ref name="DEWR">{{cite web|title=Sea Turtle Conservation and Education on the Tiwi Islands |publisher=Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Commonwealth of Australia |year=2007 |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/publications/pubs/tiwi-turtle-conservation.pdf |access-date=15 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080817085122/http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/publications/pubs/tiwi-turtle-conservation.pdf |archive-date=17 August 2008 }}</ref> Laut dan muara di sekitar pulau merupakan rumah bagi beberapa spesies [[Hiu|hiu]] dan [[Buaya muara|buaya air asin]].
Mamalia invasif di pulau-pulau itu termasuk tikus hitam, kucing, babi, kerbau, kuda, dan sapi. Kerbau biasa ditemukan di Pulau Melville tetapi tidak di Pulau Bathurst, sedangkan babi liar umum ditemukan di Pulau Bathurst tetapi tidak di Pulau Melville.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tiwi Animals |url=https://tiwilandcouncil.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=page&p=227&l=2&id=56&smid=162 |access-date=May 21, 2022 |website=Tiwi Land Council}}</ref> Dewan Tanah Tiwi saat ini bekerja untuk memberantas liar babi dari Pulau Melville sebelum mereka dapat membangun populasi yang besar. Dewan Tanah Tiwi dan komunitas Aborigin Tiwi secara lebih luas mendukung pemberantasan kucing liar, meskipun saat ini tidak ada rencana untuk itu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Feral Animals |url=https://tiwilandcouncil.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=page&p=289&l=2&id=64&smid=203 |access-date=May 21, 2022 |website=Tiwi Land Council}}</ref>
====Area Burung Penting====
Pulau-pulau tersebut telah diidentifikasi sebagai [[Area Burung Penting]] (IBA) oleh [[BirdLife International]] karena mendukung kepadatan yang relatif tinggi untuk [[Elang-alap coklat|red goshawk]], [[Alectoris chukar|partridge pigeon]] dan [[semak stone-curlew]], serta hingga 12.000 (lebih dari 1% populasi dunia) [[simpul besar]]. Populasi burung lain Pulau Tiwi signifikan secara global termasuk [[Mandar bakau|chestnut rail]], [[beach stone-curlew]], [[Rosela|northern rosella]], [[Parkit|varied lorikeet]], [[rainbow pitta]], [[burung friarbird bermahkota perak]], [[burung pemakan madu menganga|putih menganga]], [[burung pemakan madu berwarna kuning|berwarna kuning]] dan [[pemakan madu berdada batang]], [[Burung kenari|canary white-eye]] dan [[Finch|masked finch]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birdata.com.au/iba.vm |title=IBA: Tiwi Islands |access-date=6 November 2011 |work=Birdata |publisher=Birds Australia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706102341/http://www.birdata.com.au/iba.vm |archive-date=6 July 2011 }}</ref> Burung ini memiliki tingkat [[Endemisme|endemisme]] yang tinggi pada tingkat [[Subspesies|subspesifik]]; Tiwi [[Punggok kokodok|burung hantu bertopeng]] (''Tyto novaehollandiae melvillensis'') dianggap [[Spesies terancam|terancam punah]] dan Tiwi [[Robin eropa|robin berkerudung]] (''Melanodryas cucullata melvillensis'') setidaknya terancam punah dan mungkin [[Punah|punah]].<ref name=bli>BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Tiwi Islands. Downloaded from {{cite web |url=http://www.birdlife.org |title=BirdLife International - conserving the world's birds |access-date=10 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630122358/http://www.birdlife.org/ |archive-date=30 June 2007 }} on 6 November 2011.</ref>
===Kehutanan dan pertambangan===
Hasil hutan merupakan bagian penting dari perekonomian Kepulauan Tiwi, tetapi sektor ini memiliki sejarah yang tidak mulus. Kehutanan dimulai pada tahun 1898, dengan perkebunan diujicobakan dari tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://senate.aph.gov.au/submissions/comittees/viewdocument.aspx?id=6409d1ea-3d42-4a44-912f-f26fd6034b24|title=Tiwi Land Council Submission to the Inquiry into Mining and Forestry on the Tiwi Islands|last=Tiwi Land Council|date=March 2009|publisher=Senate Environment, Communications and the Arts References Committee|access-date=27 May 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004185959/https://senate.aph.gov.au/submissions/comittees/viewdocument.aspx?id=6409d1ea-3d42-4a44-912f-f26fd6034b24|archive-date=4 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://senate.aph.gov.au/submissions/comittees/viewdocument.aspx?id=80167139-c85f-49a9-b6e0-534ba2cedb19 |title=CSIRO Submission to the Inquiry into Mining and Forestry on the Tiwi Islands |last=CSIRO |date=March 2009 |publisher=Senate Environment, Communications and the Arts References Committee |access-date=27 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004191416/https://senate.aph.gov.au/submissions/comittees/viewdocument.aspx?id=80167139-c85f-49a9-b6e0-534ba2cedb19 |archive-date=4 October 2009 }}</ref> Perusahaan kayu lunak asli didirikan pada pertengahan 1980-an, sebagai kemitraan antara sektor swasta dan Dewan Pertanahan, tetapi pada pertengahan 1980-an, 1990-an, Dewan Pertanahan menghentikan usaha tersebut, mencatat bahwa mitra investornya memiliki "berbagai ambisi yang didorong oleh pajak yang semakin tidak sesuai dengan tujuan pekerjaan dan produksi berkelanjutan kami sendiri".<ref name="Development96">{{Cite book|last=Tiwi Land Council|title=Tiwi Islands Region Economic Development Strategy|publisher=Tiwi Land Council|location=Winnellie, NT|date=November 1996}}</ref> Meskipun mengalami kemunduran, kehutanan masih dianggap penting bagi ekonomi Tiwi,<ref name="NRMS"/> dan pada tahun 2001 Dewan Tanah dan Grup Perkebunan Australia memulai ekspansi besar ''[[Acacia mangium]]'' perkebunan untuk memasok [[Kayu pabrikan|woodchips]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Australian Plantation Group Pty Ltd|author2=Tiwi Land Council |title=Australian Plantation Group Pty Ltd/Forestry/Melville Island/NT/Hardwood Plantation: Invitation for public comment|publisher=Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts|location=Canberra|date=30 March 2001|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/epbc/epbc_ap.pl?name=current_referral_detail&proposal_id=229}}</ref> Operasi Australian Plantations Group (kemudian bernama Sylvatech) dibeli oleh [[Great Southern Group]] pada tahun 2005.<ref name="GS2005">{{Cite book|last=Great Southern Limited |title=Annual Report 2005 |year=2005 |url=http://www.great-southern.com.au/Annual_Reports.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601163135/http://www.great-southern.com.au/Annual_Reports.aspx |archive-date=1 June 2009 }}</ref> Pada tahun 2006, operasi tersebut dilaporkan sebagai "pembukaan hutan asli terbesar p proyek di Australia utara".<ref name="Wilkinson"/> Pada bulan September 2007, [[Pemerintah Wilayah Utara]] menyelidiki klaim bahwa perusahaan telah melanggar undang-undang lingkungan,<ref>{{Cite news|title =Woodchip plantation breached environmental conditions: report | work =ABC News | publisher =Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date =16 September 2007 | url =http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/09/16/2034000.htm | access-date =15 August 2008 }}</ref> dengan penalti keuangan yang dikenakan oleh departemen lingkungan Federal pada tahun 2008.<ref name="Wilkinson">{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/environment/forest-firm-told-to-pay-2m-for-damaging-islands/2008/10/15/1223750129823.html|title=Forest firm told to pay $2m for damaging islands|last=Wilkinson|first=Marian|date=16 October 2008|work=Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=29 June 2009}}</ref> Sebagian besar lahan yang dibuka digunakan untuk peternakan sapi atau perkebunan monokultur, yang dipelihara oleh perusahaan kayu adalah sumber penting pekerjaan lokal.<ref>{{Cite news|title =Land clearing threatens Tiwi Islands | work =The Sydney Morning Herald | publisher =Fairfax Ltd | date =17 September 2007 | url =http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Land-clearing-threatens-Tiwi-islands/2007/09/19/1189881579181.html | access-date =15 August 2008 }}</ref> Great Southern Plantations runtuh pada awal 2009, dan Dewan Pertanahan Tiwi telah memeriksa pilihan untuk pengelolaan perkebunan di masa mendatang.<ref>{{Cite news|title =$80 million needed for Tiwi plantations: council | work =ABC News | publisher =Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date =16 July 2009 | url =http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/07/16/2627980.htm | access-date =18 July 2009 }}</ref>
== Referensi ==
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