Shenzhen: Perbedaan antara revisi

Pada bulan Mei 1980, Komite Pusat menunjuk Shenzhen sebagai zona ekonomi khusus pertama di Tiongkok,<ref name="szmc27">{{Cite news|date=7 August 2003|script-title=zh:深圳历史沿革|url=http://www.cctv.com/life/20030807/100997.shtml|work=[[China Central Television]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602160001/http://www.cctv.com/life/20030807/100997.shtml|archive-date=2 June 2013|access-date=25 October 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Newsweek IS Fish">{{Cite magazine|url-status=live|magazine=[[Newsweek]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429184142/http://www.newsweek.com/2010/09/25/china-s-hottest-cities-and-kashgar.html|archivedate=29 April 2014|access-date=29 April 2014}}</ref> yang dipromosikan oleh [[Pemimpin tertinggi (Tiongkok)|pemimpin tertinggi]] saat itu [[Deng Xiaoping]] sebagai bagian dari "[[Reformasi ekonomi Tiongkok|reformasi dan keterbukaan]]" Tiongkok.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shenzhen Continues to lead China's reform and opening-up|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/government/44680.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709180218/http://www.china.org.cn/english/government/44680.htm|archive-date=9 July 2018|access-date=9 September 2016|quote=Shenzhen, [...] which was just a small town when it was chosen as China's first special economic zone to pilot the country's reform and opening-up drive 22 years ago, has now grown into a boomtown, which is placed fourth among Chinese cities in overall economic strength.|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Tujuannya adalah menjadi lahan percobaan bagi praktik [[Kapitalisme|kapitalisme pasar]] dalam tatanan masyarakat yang dipandu oleh visi “[[Ekonomi pasar sosialis|sosialisme dengan karakter Tiongkok]]”.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stoltenberg|first1=Clyde D.|date=1984|title=China's Special Economic Zones: Their Development and Prospects|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_asian-survey_1984-06_24_6/page/637|journal=Asian Survey|volume=24|issue=6|pages=637–654|doi=10.2307/2644396|issn=0004-4687|jstor=2644396|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Holmes|first1=Frank|date=21 Apr 2017|title=China's New Special Economic Zone Evokes Memories Of Shenzhen|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2017/04/21/chinas-new-special-economic-zone-evokes-memories-of-shenzhen/|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322005508/https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2017/04/21/chinas-new-special-economic-zone-evokes-memories-of-shenzhen/|archive-date=22 March 2019|access-date=22 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Economist">{{cite news|date=23 January 2010|title=The spirit of enterprise fades: Capitalism in China|url=http://www.economist.com/businessfinance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15331470|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|volume=394|issue=8666|page=61|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128042804/http://www.economist.com/businessfinance/displayStory.cfm?story_id=15331470|archive-date=28 January 2010|access-date=28 January 2010|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Pada tanggal 26 Agustus, [[Komite Tetap Kongres Rakyat Nasional]] (NPC) menyetujui "Peraturan Zona Ekonomi Khusus Guangdong".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-05-05|url=http://lfs.gd-info.cn/shtml/guangdong/gdgl/jjtq/2011/05/05/48219.shtml|website=广东省情网|script-title=zh:深圳经济特区|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907122904/http://lfs.gd-info.cn/shtml/guangdong/gdgl/jjtq/2011/05/05/48219.shtml|archive-date=7 September 2017|access-date=5 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di bawah peraturan ini, Shenzhen merumuskan serangkaian kebijakan preferensial untuk menarik investasi asing, termasuk otonomi bisnis, perpajakan, penggunaan lahan, manajemen devisa, penjualan produk, dan manajemen ekspor impor.